User:Careena.El-Khatib/sandbox

Key Addition in article "Food Security" Notes:

-Under category 13 labeled “Approaches,” I can add a ninth subcategory/section (13.9) titled “Models.” There, I can describe how Lisbon, Portugal demonstrates that sustainability and economic growth go hand in hand.

Addition in article "Food Security":

• after Bees section

Model

An inspiring example of a city that has overcome challenges and achieved improved sustainability practices while immensely decreasing food insecurity is Lisbon. Lisbon, the capital of Portugal, was awarded as the 2020 European Green Leaf Award Winner for its notable sustainable land use, transport, green growth and eco and waste innovations. The 2010 to 2014 Portuguese financial crisis, a prominent obstacle for Portugal caused by factors such as the global recession, resulted in increased unemployment rates and reduced household budgets. As a product, adequate food intake was evidently inhibited. However, Lisbon was able to demonstrate that sustainability and economic growth go hand in hand. Several measures were implemented including the ReFood Movement, a food waste prevention initiative, and the Municipal Plan Against Food Wastage program. Lisbon continues to combat hardships and motivate other cities and countries around the world.

Edited (Post Peer Review) Version:

Model

An example of a city that has overcome challenges and achieved improved sustainability practices while immensely decreasing food insecurity is Lisbon. Lisbon, the capital of Portugal, was awarded as the 2020 European Green Leaf Award Winner for its notable sustainable land use, transport, green growth and eco and waste innovations. The 2010 to 2014 Portuguese financial crisis, a prominent obstacle for Portugal caused by factors such as the global recession, resulted in increased unemployment rates and reduced household budgets. As a product, adequate food intake was evidently inhibited. However, Lisbon demonstrated that sustainability and economic growth can go hand in hand. Measures were taken place such as the ReFood Movement, a food waste prevention initiative, and the Municipal Plan Against Food Wastage program.

• Got rid of biased tone and adjectives such as "inspiring" and "motivating"

Key Addition in article "Economy of Portugal" Notes:

-This article has a category titled "Poverty" where the risks and levels of poverty are evaluated from 2012/2013 during the Portuguese financial crisis. Here, I can add a subcategory titled "Food insecurity" where I can present the effects of poverty and the economic crisis on the food security of the population.

Addition in article "Economy of Portugal":

• after Poverty section

Food Insecurity

In 2005 and 2006, the National Health Survey gathered information on food security which showed that those making a monthly household income of 251-500 euros made up 37.3% of the food insecure, which was quite contrary to their counterparts. For instance, those making more than a monthly household income of 901 euros made up only 15.9% of the food insecure. After the Portuguese financial crisis that began in 2010, food insecurity escalated and notably affected those in poorer regions in Portugal--such as Alentejo and Algarve. In the Algarve region, total food insecurity increased from 56.9% to 77.1% from 2011 to 2012, and the severe food insecurity increased from 13.2% to 41.7%. Meanwhile, the national food insecurity only increased by 0.5% (48.6% to 49.1%) and the severe food insecurity of other regions, such as Centro and Norte, started much lower and only increase by approximately 3%. Overall, the general prevalence of food insecurity from 2011-2013 in Portugal was practically unchanged; however, the less fortunate and poorer regions were seen to have taken the toll, despite future progress.

References:

[1] Title: “Sustainable Food Production and Management”

-Recent (2020) and focuses on Lisbon in particular!!

-issues include: food security, degradation of soil resources and land use change

-steps/approaches: ReFood Movement, Municipal Plan Against Food Wastage

[2] Title: "The Biopolitics of Food Provisioning"

-demonstrates how a moral economy of hunger can be replaced by a political economy of food security that promotes market solutions against scarcity

[3] Title: "Lisbon is the 2020 European Green Leaf Award Winner!"

-Prime example that improvements can be made when good systems are put in place.

-sustainability and economic growth (and therefore food insecurity) go hand in hand

Title: "Time and regional perspectives of food insecurity during the economic crisis in Portugal, 2011-2013."

Title: “Food insecurity and associated factors in the Portuguese population.”