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{{short description|American neuroradiologist}} |
{{short description|American neuroradiologist}} |
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'''Alan E. Zimmer, M.D.''' (10 February 1929 – 10 December 1993) was an American [[Neuroradiology|neuroradiologist]], specializing in duplex neurovascular and [[Magnetic resonance imaging|magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)]]<ref name="rsna">{{Cite journal |
'''Alan E. Zimmer, M.D.''' (10 February 1929 – 10 December 1993) was an American [[Neuroradiology|neuroradiologist]], specializing in duplex neurovascular and [[Magnetic resonance imaging|magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)]]<ref name="rsna">{{Cite journal|title=Alan E. Zimmer, MD|first=Lester|last=Kalisher|date=August 1, 1994|journal=Radiology|volume=192|issue=2|pages=586|doi=10.1148/radiology.192.2.586-b}}</ref>. He also conducted early research related to the emerging technologies of [[CAT scan|computer axial thermography (CT, or CAT)]] and MRI as these procedures began to revolutionize radiology in the 1970s and '80s. As New Jersey’s senior neuroradiologist,<ref name="rsna" /> Zimmer was consulted frequently by physicians, hospitals, and the courts to help diagnosis injuries and disease related to the head, neck, and spine.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/15/magazine/aftermath-of-an-emergency.html|title=Aftermath of an Emergency|first=BY Michael|last=Winerip|newspaper=The New York Times|date=September 15, 1991}}</ref> Zimmer was chief of neuroradiology at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ) from 1983 until his death. |
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== Life, Education and Career == |
== Life, Education and Career == |
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== Research and Publications == |
== Research and Publications == |
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Early in his career, Zimmer focused his research on investigating treatments for serious conditions in the brain and central nervous system<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />. In 1971, at a course during his fellowship at Albert Einstein, Zimmer was first introduced to a new "computed tomographic" (CT) system by its developer, the British engineer [[Godfrey Hounsfield]], who was making his first visit to the United States<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Baker|first=Hillier|date=1993|title=Historical Vignette: Introduction of Computed Tomography in North America|url=http://www.ajnr.org/content/ajnr/14/2/283.full.pdf|journal=American Journal of Neuroradiology|volume=14|pages= |
Early in his career, Zimmer focused his research on investigating treatments for serious conditions in the brain and central nervous system<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />. In 1971, at a course during his fellowship at Albert Einstein, Zimmer was first introduced to a new "computed tomographic" (CT) system by its developer, the British engineer [[Godfrey Hounsfield]], who was making his first visit to the United States<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Baker|first=Hillier|date=1993|title=Historical Vignette: Introduction of Computed Tomography in North America|url=http://www.ajnr.org/content/ajnr/14/2/283.full.pdf|journal=American Journal of Neuroradiology|volume=14|pages=283–287|pmid=8456700|via=}}</ref>. This was the first demonstration of the CT technique to American radiologists, who were commonly using [[angiography]] for diagnostic imaging. Testing showed that the diagnostic error rate of CT was half that of angiography, but an even greater potential value was seen in CT's ability to detect unsuspected conditions.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Huckman |first1=Michael S. |last2=Stewart |first2=Donald |title=History of the Radiological Sciences, chapter on Neuroradiology |date=1996 |publisher=Radiology Centennial |url=https://www.arrs.org/publications/HRS/diagnosis/RCI_D_c12.pdf}}</ref> For the first time, physicians could visualize not just bone, but organs, tissue, and other soft material in the body. Hounsfield would later receive the Nobel Prize for his technique. |
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After his introduction to CT, Zimmer began a career specializing in emerging neuroradiological advances. As hospitals began to adopt CT scanning, Zimmer was one of the early physicians conducting research on its applications. Similarly, when magnetic resonance imaging was introduced in the 1980s, Zimmer was an early practitioner and contributor to MRI research. |
After his introduction to CT, Zimmer began a career specializing in emerging neuroradiological advances. As hospitals began to adopt CT scanning, Zimmer was one of the early physicians conducting research on its applications. Similarly, when magnetic resonance imaging was introduced in the 1980s, Zimmer was an early practitioner and contributor to MRI research. |
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Throughout the 1960s, '70s, and '80s, Zimmer published numerous articles around the cerebral venous system and other aspects of neuroradiology.<ref>{{Cite journal |
Throughout the 1960s, '70s, and '80s, Zimmer published numerous articles around the cerebral venous system and other aspects of neuroradiology.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Triple-dose versus single-dose gadoteridol in multiple sclerosis patients|first1=L. J.|last1=Wolansky|first2=J. A.|last2=Bardini|first3=S. D.|last3=Cook|first4=A. E.|last4=Zimmer|first5=A.|last5=Sheffet|first6=H. J.|last6=Lee|date=July 6, 1994|journal=Journal of Neuroimaging: Official Journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging|volume=4|issue=3|pages=141–145|doi=10.1111/jon199443141|pmid=8061382}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Prolactinoma invasion of superior ophthalmic vein: CT and MR findings. - PubMed - NCBI|year = 1993|pmid = 8227585|last1 = Angyal|first1 = E. A.|last2 = Lee|first2 = H. J.|last3 = Wolansky|first3 = L. J.|last4 = Koenigsberger|first4 = M. R.|last5 = Nathanson|first5 = D.|last6 = Zimmer|first6 = A. E.|journal = Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography|volume = 17|issue = 6|pages = 964–6|doi = 10.1097/00004728-199311000-00020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Syndrome of intramedullary gunshot wound with incomplete neurologic deficit: case report. - PubMed - NCBI|year = 1988|pmid = 3184227|last1 = Hubschmann|first1 = O. R.|last2 = Krieger|first2 = A. J.|last3 = Lax|first3 = F.|last4 = Ruzicka|first4 = P. O.|last5 = Zimmer|first5 = A. E.|journal = The Journal of Trauma|volume = 28|issue = 11|pages = 1600–2|doi = 10.1097/00005373-198811000-00017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Growing intracranial aneurysms|first1=M.|last1=Sarwar|first2=S.|last2=Batnitzky|first3=M. M.|last3=Schechter|first4=A.|last4=Liebeskind|first5=A. E.|last5=Zimmer|date=September 6, 1976|journal=Radiology|volume=120|issue=3|pages=603–607|doi=10.1148/120.3.603|pmid=948596}}</ref><ref>https://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/686425/localizing-symptom-thoracic-myelopathy-variation-lhermitte-s-sign</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Ventriculoencephalography: Technique for Pneumoencephalographic Detail During Ventriculography|first=Alan E.|last=Zimmer|date=November 6, 1969|journal=Investigative Radiology|volume=4|issue=6|pages=414|doi=10.1097/00004424-196911000-00055}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=THE DILATED CALLOSAL SULCUS SIGN. - PubMed - NCBI|year = 1965|pmid = 14303943|author1 = JACOBSON HG|author2 = ZIMMER AE|author3 = SCHECHTER MM|author4 = SHAPIRO JH|journal = The American Journal of Roentgenology, Radium Therapy, and Nuclear Medicine|volume = 94|pages = 547–65}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|title=Injection-corrosion casts of the central nervous system|first1=A. E.|last1=Zimmer|first2=I. H.|last2=Kim|first3=M. M.|last3=Schlecter|date=October 6, 1966|journal=Journal of Neurosurgery|volume=25|issue=4|pages=383–394|doi=10.3171/jns.1966.25.4.0383|pmid=5925709}}</ref> His article, “The Septal Vein,"<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zimmer |first1=Alan E. |last2=Annes |first2=George P. |title=The Septal Vein |journal=Radiology |pages=813–823 |doi=10.1148/87.5.813 |date=1 November 1966|volume=87 |issue=5 |pmid=5924893 }}</ref> co-authored with George P. Annes, was published in the journal of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) in 1966. Their work describes the significance of the septal vein in identifying the nature and presence of tumors, or abscesses, in the frontal lobe (or anterior cranial fossa). |
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Zimmer also contributed “Radiologic Imaging of the Cervical Spine” as a chapter to a core clinical resource book on the diagnosis and nonsurgical treatment of neck injuries, such as whiplash: ''Painful Cervical Trauma: Diagnosis and Rehabilitative Treatment of Neuromusculoskeletal Injuries'', edited by C. David Tollison and John R. Satterthwaite and published in 1992.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Tollison |editor1-first=C. David |editor2-last=Sattherwaite |editor2-first=John R. |title=Painful Cervical Trauma |date=1992 |publisher=Williams & Wilkins}}</ref> |
Zimmer also contributed “Radiologic Imaging of the Cervical Spine” as a chapter to a core clinical resource book on the diagnosis and nonsurgical treatment of neck injuries, such as whiplash: ''Painful Cervical Trauma: Diagnosis and Rehabilitative Treatment of Neuromusculoskeletal Injuries'', edited by C. David Tollison and John R. Satterthwaite and published in 1992.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Tollison |editor1-first=C. David |editor2-last=Sattherwaite |editor2-first=John R. |title=Painful Cervical Trauma |date=1992 |publisher=Williams & Wilkins}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 05:41, 9 May 2020
Alan E. Zimmer, M.D. (10 February 1929 – 10 December 1993) was an American neuroradiologist, specializing in duplex neurovascular and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)[1]. He also conducted early research related to the emerging technologies of computer axial thermography (CT, or CAT) and MRI as these procedures began to revolutionize radiology in the 1970s and '80s. As New Jersey’s senior neuroradiologist,[1] Zimmer was consulted frequently by physicians, hospitals, and the courts to help diagnosis injuries and disease related to the head, neck, and spine.[2] Zimmer was chief of neuroradiology at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ) from 1983 until his death.
Life, Education and Career
Born in New York City, Zimmer received his M.D. degree in 1956 from the University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Switzerland, where he was valedictorian of his class, and served an internship at Garfield Memorial Hospital, Washington, D.C. After a residency in radiology at Bronx Municipal Hospital in New York City, Zimmer accepted a fellowship in neuroradiology at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, serving as instructor, then assistant professor. He joined the staff of Yale University School of Medicine in New Haven, Connecticut, teaching there until 1981.[1]
Zimmer was selected as a special fellow for the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness, New York, and later as a visiting fellow at the Cleveland Clinic in Ohio. He was associate professor of radiology at Temple University School of Medicine in Philadelphia until 1983, when he joined UMDNJ.[1]
In 1961, Zimmer married Harriet Hochhauser; the couple had three sons: Michael Zimmer, M.D., David Zimmer, M.D., and Stuart Zimmer,[1] CEO and founder of Zimmer Partners LP and chairman of the insurance company Ategrity.
Research and Publications
Early in his career, Zimmer focused his research on investigating treatments for serious conditions in the brain and central nervous system[3][4]. In 1971, at a course during his fellowship at Albert Einstein, Zimmer was first introduced to a new "computed tomographic" (CT) system by its developer, the British engineer Godfrey Hounsfield, who was making his first visit to the United States[5]. This was the first demonstration of the CT technique to American radiologists, who were commonly using angiography for diagnostic imaging. Testing showed that the diagnostic error rate of CT was half that of angiography, but an even greater potential value was seen in CT's ability to detect unsuspected conditions.[6] For the first time, physicians could visualize not just bone, but organs, tissue, and other soft material in the body. Hounsfield would later receive the Nobel Prize for his technique.
After his introduction to CT, Zimmer began a career specializing in emerging neuroradiological advances. As hospitals began to adopt CT scanning, Zimmer was one of the early physicians conducting research on its applications. Similarly, when magnetic resonance imaging was introduced in the 1980s, Zimmer was an early practitioner and contributor to MRI research.
Throughout the 1960s, '70s, and '80s, Zimmer published numerous articles around the cerebral venous system and other aspects of neuroradiology.[7][8][9][10][11][12][3][4] His article, “The Septal Vein,"[13] co-authored with George P. Annes, was published in the journal of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) in 1966. Their work describes the significance of the septal vein in identifying the nature and presence of tumors, or abscesses, in the frontal lobe (or anterior cranial fossa).
Zimmer also contributed “Radiologic Imaging of the Cervical Spine” as a chapter to a core clinical resource book on the diagnosis and nonsurgical treatment of neck injuries, such as whiplash: Painful Cervical Trauma: Diagnosis and Rehabilitative Treatment of Neuromusculoskeletal Injuries, edited by C. David Tollison and John R. Satterthwaite and published in 1992.[14]
References
- ^ a b c d e Kalisher, Lester (August 1, 1994). "Alan E. Zimmer, MD". Radiology. 192 (2): 586. doi:10.1148/radiology.192.2.586-b.
- ^ Winerip, BY Michael (September 15, 1991). "Aftermath of an Emergency". The New York Times.
- ^ a b JACOBSON HG; ZIMMER AE; SCHECHTER MM; SHAPIRO JH (1965). "THE DILATED CALLOSAL SULCUS SIGN. - PubMed - NCBI". The American Journal of Roentgenology, Radium Therapy, and Nuclear Medicine. 94: 547–65. PMID 14303943.
- ^ a b Zimmer, A. E.; Kim, I. H.; Schlecter, M. M. (October 6, 1966). "Injection-corrosion casts of the central nervous system". Journal of Neurosurgery. 25 (4): 383–394. doi:10.3171/jns.1966.25.4.0383. PMID 5925709.
- ^ Baker, Hillier (1993). "Historical Vignette: Introduction of Computed Tomography in North America" (PDF). American Journal of Neuroradiology. 14: 283–287. PMID 8456700.
- ^ Huckman, Michael S.; Stewart, Donald (1996). History of the Radiological Sciences, chapter on Neuroradiology (PDF). Radiology Centennial.
- ^ Wolansky, L. J.; Bardini, J. A.; Cook, S. D.; Zimmer, A. E.; Sheffet, A.; Lee, H. J. (July 6, 1994). "Triple-dose versus single-dose gadoteridol in multiple sclerosis patients". Journal of Neuroimaging: Official Journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging. 4 (3): 141–145. doi:10.1111/jon199443141. PMID 8061382.
- ^ Angyal, E. A.; Lee, H. J.; Wolansky, L. J.; Koenigsberger, M. R.; Nathanson, D.; Zimmer, A. E. (1993). "Prolactinoma invasion of superior ophthalmic vein: CT and MR findings. - PubMed - NCBI". Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography. 17 (6): 964–6. doi:10.1097/00004728-199311000-00020. PMID 8227585.
- ^ Hubschmann, O. R.; Krieger, A. J.; Lax, F.; Ruzicka, P. O.; Zimmer, A. E. (1988). "Syndrome of intramedullary gunshot wound with incomplete neurologic deficit: case report. - PubMed - NCBI". The Journal of Trauma. 28 (11): 1600–2. doi:10.1097/00005373-198811000-00017. PMID 3184227.
- ^ Sarwar, M.; Batnitzky, S.; Schechter, M. M.; Liebeskind, A.; Zimmer, A. E. (September 6, 1976). "Growing intracranial aneurysms". Radiology. 120 (3): 603–607. doi:10.1148/120.3.603. PMID 948596.
- ^ https://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/686425/localizing-symptom-thoracic-myelopathy-variation-lhermitte-s-sign
- ^ Zimmer, Alan E. (November 6, 1969). "Ventriculoencephalography: Technique for Pneumoencephalographic Detail During Ventriculography". Investigative Radiology. 4 (6): 414. doi:10.1097/00004424-196911000-00055.
- ^ Zimmer, Alan E.; Annes, George P. (1 November 1966). "The Septal Vein". Radiology. 87 (5): 813–823. doi:10.1148/87.5.813. PMID 5924893.
- ^ Tollison, C. David; Sattherwaite, John R., eds. (1992). Painful Cervical Trauma. Williams & Wilkins.