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{{Fiqh}} |
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In Islamic [[legal]] terminology, '''bāligh''' ({{lang-ar|بالغ}}) or '''mukallaf''' of muhallaq'' or '''muhtalim''' refers to a person who has reached maturity or [[puberty]], and has full responsibility under [[Sharia|Islamic law]].।<ref>{{cite book |last1=Amanat |first1=Abbas |last2=Griffel |first2=Frank |title=Shari’a: Islamic Law in the Contemporary Context |date=2007 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-0-8047-7953-1 |page=100 |url=https://books.google.com.bd/books?id=9nWaVJeYOgcC&pg=PA100&dq=mukallaf&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjeqKjon8vpAhWl7XMBHXZABpYQ6AEILDAB |accessdate=24 May 2020 |lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Netton |first1=Ian Richard |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam |date=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-17960-1 |page=110 |url=https://books.google.com.bd/books?id=bYtmAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA110&dq=bulugh+islam&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi76aqQocvpAhW-63MBHdGwBlEQ6AEISDAF#v=onepage&q=bulugh%20islam&f=false |accessdate=24 May 2020 |lang=en}}</ref><ref name="ei">{{cite book |title=Elementary Education and Motivation in Islam |date=2010 |publisher=Cambria Press |isbn=978-1-62196-932-7 |pages=21,25 |url=https://books.google.com.bd/books?id=hdaLbLKJ9CkC&pg=PA25&dq=puberty+islam&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjL3qXEsczpAhVOX30KHdL8AJUQ6AEILDAB#v=onepage&q=puberty%20islam&f=false |accessdate=24 May 2020 |lang=en}}</ref> |
In Islamic [[legal]] terminology, '''bāligh''' ({{lang-ar|بالغ}}) or '''mukallaf''' of '''muhallaq''' or '''muhtalim''' refers to a person who has reached maturity or [[puberty]], and has full responsibility under [[Sharia|Islamic law]].।<ref>{{cite book |last1=Amanat |first1=Abbas |last2=Griffel |first2=Frank |title=Shari’a: Islamic Law in the Contemporary Context |date=2007 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-0-8047-7953-1 |page=100 |url=https://books.google.com.bd/books?id=9nWaVJeYOgcC&pg=PA100&dq=mukallaf&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjeqKjon8vpAhWl7XMBHXZABpYQ6AEILDAB |accessdate=24 May 2020 |lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Netton |first1=Ian Richard |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam |date=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-17960-1 |page=110 |url=https://books.google.com.bd/books?id=bYtmAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA110&dq=bulugh+islam&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi76aqQocvpAhW-63MBHdGwBlEQ6AEISDAF#v=onepage&q=bulugh%20islam&f=false |accessdate=24 May 2020 |lang=en}}</ref><ref name="ei">{{cite book |title=Elementary Education and Motivation in Islam |date=2010 |publisher=Cambria Press |isbn=978-1-62196-932-7 |pages=21,25 |url=https://books.google.com.bd/books?id=hdaLbLKJ9CkC&pg=PA25&dq=puberty+islam&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjL3qXEsczpAhVOX30KHdL8AJUQ6AEILDAB#v=onepage&q=puberty%20islam&f=false |accessdate=24 May 2020 |lang=en}}</ref> |
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==Jurisprudence== |
==Jurisprudence== |
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In Islam, human life is divided into two parts, the first is before adolescence or childhood, when man is considered innocent, and the second is after adolesence (bulugiyat) or adulthood, when the Islamic law is fully applied to man and the hereafter is judged. If a person dies before he becomes an adult, he is considered to be in heaven, and even before the age of puberty and in the state of conversion, his faults and crimes are generally considered as irrevocable according to the hadith.<ref name="mi"/><ref name="ei"/> |
In Islam, human life is divided into two parts, the first is before adolescence or childhood, when man is considered innocent, and the second is after adolesence (bulugiyat) or adulthood, when the Islamic law is fully applied to man and the hereafter is judged. If a person dies before he becomes an adult, he is considered to be in heaven, and even before the age of puberty and in the state of conversion, his faults and crimes are generally considered as irrevocable according to the hadith.<ref name="mi"/><ref name="ei"/> |
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Revision as of 13:55, 25 May 2020
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In Islamic legal terminology, bāligh (Template:Lang-ar) or mukallaf of muhallaq or muhtalim refers to a person who has reached maturity or puberty, and has full responsibility under Islamic law.।[1][2][3]
Jurisprudence
In Islam, human life is divided into two parts, the first is before adolescence or childhood, when man is considered innocent, and the second is after adolesence (bulugiyat) or adulthood, when the Islamic law is fully applied to man and the hereafter is judged. If a person dies before he becomes an adult, he is considered to be in heaven, and even before the age of puberty and in the state of conversion, his faults and crimes are generally considered as irrevocable according to the hadith.[4][3]
According to Islamic jurists, human irads or niyah or qasd or free will, aqal or ability to judge right and wrong, and courage are formed before the age of puberty (Tamyiz) and between the age of puberty, and after the age of puberty (Taklif), his intellect, that is, wisdom and judgment, attains perfection. Therefore, from childhood, that is, before the age of seven, the child is taught the Kitab or knowledge, Adab or etiquette, Ibadat or worship and Taharat or cleanliness, because at this time the child is easily fit to receive education.[4][3][5][6]
Lifespan
According to Abu Hanifa and Shafi'i, the minimum age for puberty in boys is approximately 12 lunar years, and in the absence of symptoms, approximately 15 lunar years to a maximum of 18 lunar years may be considered, or may vary by geographical region; In the case of boys, the characteristics or signs of puberty are fragility of voice and masculine change, puberty hair loss, nightmares and impotence. The minimum age of puberty for girls is approximately 9 lunar years and if no symptoms are found, it can be considered as approximately 15 lunar years to maximum 18 lunar years, or may vary by geographical region. The characteristics or signs of puberty in girls are menstruation, wet dreams and the ability to conceive. However, according to Nawawi, the age of 15 lunar year is self-evident for both boys and girls to become full adults.[3][7][8]
In marriage
In issues pertaining to marriage, baligh is related to the Arabic legal expression, hatta tutiqa'l-rijal, which means that the a wedding may not take place until the girl is physically fit to engage in sexual intercourse. In comparison, baligh or balaghat concerns the reaching of sexual maturity which becomes manifest by the menses. The age related to these two concepts can, but need not necessarily, coincide. Only after a separate condition called rushd, or intellectual maturity to handle one's own property, is reached can a girl receive her bridewealth.[9]
Notes
- ^ Amanat, Abbas; Griffel, Frank (2007). Shari’a: Islamic Law in the Contemporary Context. Stanford University Press. p. 100. ISBN 978-0-8047-7953-1. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
- ^ Netton, Ian Richard (2013). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Routledge. p. 110. ISBN 978-1-135-17960-1. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
- ^ a b c d Elementary Education and Motivation in Islam. Cambria Press. 2010. pp. 21, 25. ISBN 978-1-62196-932-7. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
- ^ a b Meri, Josef W. (2006). Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia. Psychology Press. p. 150. ISBN 978-0-415-96690-0. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
- ^ Tarazi, Norma (1995). The Child in Islam. American Trust Publications. p. 129. ISBN 978-0-89259-158-9. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
- ^ Rassool, G. Hussein; Khan, Muhammad Aftab (2020). Sexuality Education from an Islamic Perspective. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 189. ISBN 978-1-5275-4697-4. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
- ^ Hughes, Thomas Patrick (1885). A Dictionary of Islam: Being a Cyclopædia of the Doctrines, Rites, Ceremonies, and Customs, Together with the Technical and Theological Terms, of the Muhammadan Religion. W.H. Allen. p. 476. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
- ^ Torab, Azam (2007). Performing Islam: Gender and Ritual in Islam. BRILL. p. 109. ISBN 978-90-04-15295-3. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
- ^ Masud, Islamic Legal Interpretation, Muftis and Their Fatwas, Harvard University Press, 1996
External links
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