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'''Habung''' is a expansive [[fortification]] region in between [[Dhemaji|Pachim Dhemaji]] and [[Dhakuakhana]] under undivided [[Dhemaji district]] in bank of Korha and Charikodiya rivers in [[Assam]]. Habung was a place where Brahmins brought from other parts were settled by [[Ratna Pala]] of the [[Pala dynasty (Kamarupa)|Pala dynasty]] of [[Kamarupa]] in the 10th century.<ref>" Habung was an ancient Brahmin settlement (Havrnga-Vishaya) situated near the mouth of the Dihing river." {{harvcol|Guha|1983|p=11}} "According to tradition, Habung was a petty medieval principality governed by its Brahmin settlers themselves. It now appears from a recently found copper plate inscription that it was the same as the ''Ha-Vrnga Visaya'' where a Brahmin was given land by King Ratnapala. (c 10th century) {{harvcol|Guha|1983|p=33}}</ref> According to some authors like Sydney Endle and PRT Gurdon, the word ''Habung'' is of [[Bodo-Kachari people|Bodo-Kachari]] origin and is a combination of two words ''Ha'' which means "land" as in Ha-lali(Golden land), Hasao(Elevated land), Hasong(Fertile land) and ''Subung'' which means "people", forming the word ''Habung''(similar to Ha-gwjo: Hajo, Di-gwlao: Dilao) |
'''Habung''' is a expansive [[fortification]] region in between [[Dhemaji|Pachim Dhemaji]] and [[Dhakuakhana]] under undivided [[Dhemaji district]] in bank of Korha and Charikodiya rivers in [[Assam]]. Habung was a place where Brahmins brought from other parts were settled by [[Ratna Pala]] of the [[Pala dynasty (Kamarupa)|Pala dynasty]] of [[Kamarupa]] in the 10th century.<ref>" Habung was an ancient Brahmin settlement (Havrnga-Vishaya) situated near the mouth of the Dihing river." {{harvcol|Guha|1983|p=11}} "According to tradition, Habung was a petty medieval principality governed by its Brahmin settlers themselves. It now appears from a recently found copper plate inscription that it was the same as the ''Ha-Vrnga Visaya'' where a Brahmin was given land by King Ratnapala. (c 10th century) {{harvcol|Guha|1983|p=33}}</ref> According to some authors like Sydney Endle and PRT Gurdon, the word ''Habung'' is of [[Bodo-Kachari people|Bodo-Kachari]] origin and is a combination of two words ''Ha'' which means "land" as in Ha-lali(Golden land), Hasao(Elevated land), Hasong(Fertile land) and ''Subung'' which means "people", forming the word ''Habung''(similar to Ha-gwjo: Hajo, Di-gwlao: Dilao).<ref>Baro, Daithun [http://www.ijhssi.org/papers/v6(11)/Version-3/H0611034658.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwiinpKfi4ffAhUPbo8KHf0nD1MQFjARegQIAhAB&usg=AOvVaw0LGNpNbru-FL9glDEphxm4&cshid=1543958057005 "Process of word formation in Bodo", Page 52]</ref><ref>[https://archive.org/details/kacharis009491mbp/page/n136/mode/1up S.Endle, The Kacharis, p. 88, ''Habung-iya, perhaps from Ha earth, Bung for Su-bung men ; hence ha-bung-iya, autochthones'']</ref><ref>[http://brahmaputra.ceh.vjf.cnrs.fr/bdd/IMG/pdf/Gurdon-1904.pdf PRT Gurdon, The Morans, p.43 In Moran language Habung meant ''Men/Settlement'']</ref> According to writer Nagen Hazarika, the name originates in ''Ha-Bong'', the fifth capital of [[Ahom kingdom]]. It means ''Fifth Swamp'' in [[Ahom language]].<ref>{{Harvcol|Hazarika|2014}}</ref> There was another settlement near Habung which was known as Khubung. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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Revision as of 09:49, 1 June 2020
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 Habung |
Habung is a expansive fortification region in between Pachim Dhemaji and Dhakuakhana under undivided Dhemaji district in bank of Korha and Charikodiya rivers in Assam. Habung was a place where Brahmins brought from other parts were settled by Ratna Pala of the Pala dynasty of Kamarupa in the 10th century.[1] According to some authors like Sydney Endle and PRT Gurdon, the word Habung is of Bodo-Kachari origin and is a combination of two words Ha which means "land" as in Ha-lali(Golden land), Hasao(Elevated land), Hasong(Fertile land) and Subung which means "people", forming the word Habung(similar to Ha-gwjo: Hajo, Di-gwlao: Dilao).[2][3][4] According to writer Nagen Hazarika, the name originates in Ha-Bong, the fifth capital of Ahom kingdom. It means Fifth Swamp in Ahom language.[5] There was another settlement near Habung which was known as Khubung.
History
Early history
The earliest reference to Habung comes in the 10th century copper plate grant of Ratnapala of the Pala dynasty, when it was a principality of the Kamarupa Kingdom settled by Brahmins.[6][7] After the downfall of the Kamarupa Kingdom it became a part of the Chutiya kingdom.
Chutia dynasty period
The copper plate of Chutia king Dharmanarayan dated 1428 A.D. mentions Sri Vrihat-patra as Habung-aadhipati(lord of Habung). The plate records land grants of 400 puti given to a Brahmin named Purandar Vipra. This shows that Vrihat-patra was a Chutia chief under whose presence a plot of land was donated to the Brahmin in Habung proving Habung to be a Chutia principality.[8] Besides this, several other copper plates have been found in the region, the last recording a grant made by Dhirnarayan in 1520 A.D. after which the region was finally annexed by the Ahom king Suhungmung in 1523 A.D.[9]
The land grant reads,
“Purandharai Viprai Bhuputinang Saturkhatam
Nripadeshata Samagatya Dadadi-Sashana Dadou-Habung-adhipati”— Copper plate found in Chapakhowa, Sadiya(Scribe: Swarnakara Krishna Sadhu(1428 A.D.)
A list of other inscriptions found in the region are:
| Name | Kind | Ruler | Date | Find spot | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Barmurtia Beel Inscription | Copper plate | Satyanarayan | 1392 CE | Ghilamora |
| 2 | Ghilamora Inscription | Copper plate | Lakshminaryan | 1401 CE | Ghilamora |
| 3 | Dhenukhana Inscription | Copper plate | Satyanarayan | 1392 CE | Dhenukhana |
| 4 | Naharani Inscription | Copper plate | Pratap Narayan/Nandeswar | 1375 CE | Dhemaji |
| 5 | Dhakuakhana Inscription | Copper plate | Dhir Narayan | 1522 CE | Dhakuakhana |
Ahom dynasty period
Although Sukaphaa spent around four years at a place in Habung, he had to later shift along with all his followers to the south bank due to floods. He finally settled at Charaideo and set up the first capital of Ahom kingdom.[10] In around 1240 A.D., the Chutia king Ratnadhwajpal annexed the state of another Chutia king Bhadrasen and carved out a capital in Ratnapur,Majuli. This indicates that the Habung region also xam under his rule during that period. King Suhungmung annexed the Habung region from Chutias in the year 1523 A.D. The fortification area known as Tai Bheti (তাঈ ভেটি) marks the settlement of Tai people by the king.[11] There are also a historical Maidam and a corpse washing pond in between the fortification.[12] It is said that the Maidam was of a Ahom priest came with Sukaphaa who died at that region.[13]Manuscripts and Chronicles found in villages near Habung mark this settlement. The most complicated one is known as Ban-Chyengwhich includes all name of all the Ahom families migrated to Habung.[14]
Settlement
The fortification area is known as Tai Bheti (তাঈ ভেটি) by locals as there are fortification of migrated Tai people today known as Ahom people. There are also a historical Maidam and a corpse washing pond in between the fortification. It is said that the Maidam was of a Ahom priest came with Sukaphaa who died at that region.[15] Many manuscripts have been found in villages near Habung including Ajoha Village which is the nearest village to the fortification area. They were written in Ahom language. The most complicated one is known as Ban-Chyeng. The scripts include all name of all the Ahom families who migrated to Habung during Suhungmung's rule.[16]
- Khun Tai
- Khun Lung
- Khun Lai Tai Owe
- Khun Chipsi
- Khun Tungjou
- Khun Khun Klang
- Khun Kam Ko'
- Khun Khrip Pha
- Khun Lang Nyim
- Khun Keo Phrang
- Khun Pheb Ban
- Khun kab Pho'
- Khun Khnyeo'
- Khun Mang Rai
- Khun Tang Mounn etc.[17]
Monuments and reconstruction
The Habung was considered as Ti-Moon (Ahom language:Holy place) or Cheng Loga Thai (চেংলগা ঠাই Assamese: Spiritual Place).[18] Due to the longer Time period, the monuments of Habung i.e. Maidam, corpse washing pond and the fortification area are partly ruined. To preserve the Historical Monuments on 17 June 1990 the local Phra-long society and the Additional Deputy commissioner established a Ho-Phi in the Rituals of Ahom religion.[19] In 2017 Me-Dam-Me-Phi observation in the Ha-Bung Ho-Phi Chief minister Sarbananda Sonowal announced a package of Rs 2 crore for the preservation of this historic legacy and promotion of tourism in the area.
Sukaphaa faced many challenges, but adversities could never dampen his spirit. Keeping the ideology alive is the best tribute we can pay to the founder of the Ahom dynasty
— Sarbananda Sonowal in 2017[20]
.In 2019 at the Me-Dam-Me-Phi Festival observed in the Ho-Phi of Habung the Assam finance minister Himanta Biswa Sarma declared Rs 25 core to develop Habung and make it a major tourist destination.
We have a plan to preserve the historical places and monuments like Habung, Charaideo, Maidam, Rangghar to protect the legacy of Ahom kingdom. We will launch a new scheme in the name of ‘Asom Darshan’ in order to protect and preserve the historical monuments in the state and promotion of tourism in these areas
— Himanta Biswa Sarma in 2019.[21]
Notes
- ^ " Habung was an ancient Brahmin settlement (Havrnga-Vishaya) situated near the mouth of the Dihing river." (Guha 1983:11) "According to tradition, Habung was a petty medieval principality governed by its Brahmin settlers themselves. It now appears from a recently found copper plate inscription that it was the same as the Ha-Vrnga Visaya where a Brahmin was given land by King Ratnapala. (c 10th century) (Guha 1983:33)
- ^ Baro, Daithun "Process of word formation in Bodo", Page 52
- ^ S.Endle, The Kacharis, p. 88, Habung-iya, perhaps from Ha earth, Bung for Su-bung men ; hence ha-bung-iya, autochthones
- ^ PRT Gurdon, The Morans, p.43 In Moran language Habung meant Men/Settlement
- ^ (Hazarika 2014)
- ^ Habung was a Chutiya dependency; that still earlier it was an autonomous principality of Brahmins; and that the latter's origins could be traced back to a circa 10th-century copper-plate and grant issued by king Ratnapala (Guha 1984, p. 73)
- ^ The mention of Dibbaisa river forming southern boundary and Saica the south-western boundary led P.C. Choudhury to identify the Havranga visaya with Habung country lying to east of the river Suvansiri during the 10th-11th century A.D. Habung, comprising present Dhakuakhana region was for centuries a centre of Aryan culture
- ^ Dr. Swarnalata Baruah(2004), Chutiya Jaatir Buranji, Page 585
- ^ Ved, Prakash, "Encyclopaedia of North-East India, Volume 1", pg. 170
- ^ (Hazarika 2014)
- ^ (Hazarika 2014)
- ^ (Hazarika 2014)
- ^ (Hazarika 2014)
- ^ (Hazarika 2014)
- ^ (Hazarika 2014)
- ^ (Hazarika 2014)
- ^ (Hazarika 2014)
- ^ (Hazarika 2014)
- ^ (Hazarika 2014)
- ^ Kalita, Kangkan. "Assam government to preserve seat of Ahom legacy in Habung Guwahati News-Times of India". The Times of India. Times of India.
- ^ Kaman, Prafulla (31 January 2019). "Assam finance minister declares Rs 25 cr to develop Habung in Dhemaji". north east now.
References
- Saikia, Yasmin (2004). Fragmented Memories: Struggling to be Tai-Ahom in India. Duke University Press. ISBN 9780822333739.
- Barua, Raj Sahib Golap Chandra (1930). Ahom Buranji (Reprinted ed.). Spectrum Publications , 1985. pp. 45–47.
- Acharyya, N.N (1987). A Brief History of Assam. Omsons Publications. pp. 71–73.
- Gogoi, Padmeswar (1968). The Tai and the Tai kingdoms: with a fuller treatment of the Tai-Ahom kingdom in the Brahmaputra Valley (First ed.). Dept. Of publication , Gauhati University. pp. 259–265.
- Guha, Amalendu (1983), "The Ahom Political System: An Enquiry into the State Formation Process in Medieval Assam (1228-1714)" (PDF), Social Scientist, 11 (12): 3–34, doi:10.2307/3516963, JSTOR 3516963
- Hazarika, Nagen (2014). Chao Habung (First ed.). Pacific Laser Ganeshguri. p. 42.
- Gait, Edward Albert (1906), A history of Assam, Calcutta, Thacker, Spink & co.