Griman Creek Formation: Difference between revisions

Griman Creek Formation
Griman Creek Formation
Stratigraphic range: Early-mid Cenomanian; ~99–96 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Type	Geological formation
Unit of	Rolling Downs Group
Sub-units	Coocoran Claystone & Wallangulla Sandstone Members
Underlies	Unconformity[clarification needed]
Overlies	Surat Siltstone, Wallumbilla Formation
Thickness	Up to 345 m (1,132 ft)
Lithology
Primary	Sandstone, siltstone, mudstone
Other	Conglomerate, coal
Location
Coordinates	29°24′S 147°42′E / 29.4°S 147.7°E
Approximate paleocoordinates	64°24′S 134°54′E / 64.4°S 134.9°E
Region	Queensland; New South Wales
Country	Australia
Extent	Surat Basin
Type section
Named for	Griman Creek
Named by	Reiser
Year defined	1970
	Griman Creek Formation (Australia)

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The Griman Creek Formation is a geological formation in northern New South Wales and southern Queensland, Australia whose strata date back to the Cenomanian of the Late Cretaceous.^[1] It is most notable for its fossils, including those of dinosaurs and primitive montremes, as well as being a major source of opal, both of which are found near Lightning Ridge, New South Wales^[2]

Description

As a whole, the formation primarily consists of thinly bedded medium to fine sandstone, siltstone and mudstone, with sporadic coal seams. In the vicinity of Lightning Ridge, it is divided up into two informal members the underlying Wallangulla Sandstone Member which primarily consists of red fine grained sandstone, light siltstone and grey claystone and is up to 30 metres (98 ft) thick while the overlying Coocoran Claystone consists of about 10 metres of claystone. The contact between the two units is sudden and unconformable. Discontinuous clay lens beds within the Wallangulla Sandstone Member near Lightning Ridge, referred to as the Finch Clay Facies, are one of Australia's primary sources of commercial precious opal, with many mines dug in the area. These deposits are also the primary source of fossils within the formation, a large proportion of which are preserved as semi-precious opalized pseudomorphs. The fauna found in lightning ridge indicates that the depositonal environment of the Finch Clay Facies was in near-coastal freshwater lagoons.^[1]

Background

Paleogeography

Fossil content

Indeterminate avialan, euornithopod, and sauropod remains that were once misidentified as brachiosaurid are present in New South Wales, Australia.^[2] Euornithopod tracks are also present in New South Wales.^{[citation needed]}

Mammals

Mammals
Genus	Species	Presence	Notes	Images
Kollikodon	K. ritchiei		^{[citation needed]}
Steropodon	S. galmani		^{[citation needed]}

Crocodyliformes

Crocodyliformes
Genus	Species	Presence	Notes	Images
Isisfordia	I. molnari	Lightning Ridge	Braincase and referred maxillary fragment^[3]

Dinosaurs

Dinosaurs
Genus	Species	Presence	Notes	Images
Fostoria	F. dhimbangunmal	New South Wales	An iguanodont^{[citation needed]}
Fulgurotherium	F. australe	New South Wales	^[2]
Muttaburrasaurus	Indeterminate	New South Wales	^[2]
Rapator	R. ornitholestoides	New South Wales	A megaraptoran; "Manual element"^[2]^[4]
Walgettosuchus	W. woodwardi	New South Wales	"Vertebra"^[2]^[5] Later determined to be an indeterminate theropod^[2]
Weewarrasaurus	W. pobeni	New South Wales	An ornithopod known from an isolated dentary^[6]
Ankylosauria	Indeterminate		Osteoderm^[7]
Enantiornithes	Indeterminate		Partial femora^{[citation needed]}
Megaraptora	Indeterminate	New South Wales	Partial skeleton including parts of the lower arm, claws, lower leg, part of the hip, and pieces of ribs.
Noasauridae	Indeterminate		Cervical vertebra^[8]

Pterosaurs

Pterosaurs
Genus	Species	Presence	Notes	Images
Anhangueria	Indeterminate		"two isolated tooth crowns", possible limb elements^{[citation needed]}

Testudines

Turtles
Genus	Species	Presence	Notes	Images
Spoochelys	S. ormondea		Perichelydian stem-turtle^[9]^[10]

References

^ ^a ^b Bell et al., 2019
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Weishampel et al., 2004, pp.573-574
^ Hart et al., 2019
^ "Table 4.1," in Weishampel et al., 2004, p.74
^ "Table 4.1," in Weishampel et al., 2004, p.78
^ Bell et al., 2018
^ Bell et al., 2017
^ Brougham et al., 2020
^ T-Bone Extension, Coocoran Opal Fields at Fossilworks.org
^ Smith et al., 2013

Bibliography

[:0-1] Bell et al., 2019

[cretaceousdistribution-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Weishampel et al., 2004, pp.573-574

[Hart2019-3] Hart et al., 2019

[table-4-1-74-4] "Table 4.1," in Weishampel et al., 2004, p.74

[table-4-1-78-5] "Table 4.1," in Weishampel et al., 2004, p.78

[bell2018-6] Bell et al., 2018

[Bell2017-7] Bell et al., 2017

[Brougham2020-8] Brougham et al., 2020

[FWSpoochelys-9] T-Bone Extension, Coocoran Opal Fields at Fossilworks.org

[Smith2013-10] Smith et al., 2013

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@@ Line 226: / Line 226: @@
 * {{cite LSA |last=Smith |first=Elizabeth T |last2=Kear |first2=Benjamin P. |year=2013 |title=''Spoochelys ormondea'' gen. et sp. nov., an Archaic Meiolaniid-Like Turtle from the Early Cretaceous of Lightning Ridge, Australia |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-94-007-4309-0_9 |journal=Morphology and Evolution of Turtles |pages=121–146 |volume=Brinkman, Donald B.; Holroyd, Patricia A.; Gardner, James D. |publisher=Springer Netherlands |accessdate=2019-10-04}} {{doi|10.1007/978-94-007-4309-0_9}} {{isbn|9789400743083}}
 * {{cite LSA |last=[[David B. Weishampel|Weishampel]] |first=David B. |last2=[[Peter Dodson|Dodson]] |first2=Peter |last3=[[Halszka Osmólska|Osmólska]] (eds.) |first3=Halszka |year=2004 |title=The Dinosauria, 2nd edition |url=https://books.google.com.co/books/about/The_Dinosauria.html?id=vtZFDb_iw40C&redir_esc=y |publisher=Berkeley: University of California Press |pages=1–880 |accessdate=2019-02-21}} {{ISBN|0-520-24209-2}}
+*https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1342937X15002026
 [[Category:Geologic formations of Australia]]