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== Background ==
== Background ==
India adopted [[economy of the Soviet Union|Soviet model of planned economy]] after the independence and Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] promoted an economic policy based on [[import substitution industrialisation]].<ref name="Ghosh">{{cite book | title=Jawaharlal Nehru | publisher=Allied Publishers | author=Ghose, Shankar | page=243 | isbn=978-8170233695}}</ref> The second [[Five-Year Plans of India|five year plan]] (1956–60) and the Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 emphasised the development of public sector undertakings (PSUs) to meet Nehru's national industrialisation policy.<ref name="Ahluwalia">{{cite book | title=Productivity and Growth in Indian Manufacturing | publisher=Academic Foundation | author=Ahluwalia, Isher J. |year=1993 | location=New Delhi | pages=25 | isbn=9788171880942}}</ref> The [[Government of India]] emphasised heavily in developing industries and its concern for the industrial security persuaded it in 1961 to appoint a high ranking police officer as the Security Advisor in the [[Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)|Department of Industry]] for advising the PSUs on security related matters. Findings of the Security Advisor outlined many defects in the security arrangements of the PSUs and recommendation was made to setup a "unified force" exclusively to provide security and protection to PSUs.<ref>{{Harvnb|Chatterjee|2005|p=73}}</ref> A major fire at [[Heavy Engineering Corporation]] (HEC) production plant in [[Ranchi]] on 29 January 1964 resulted colossal loss of property. This incident was followed by disturbances among the workers of the plant in the town.<ref name="ChatterjeeP74">{{Harvnb|Chatterjee|2005|p=74}}</ref><ref name="Print18">{{Cite news |last=Bhardwaj |first=Ananya |date=10 March 2018 |title=How CISF transformed itself into a revenue-earning modern security force |work=The Print |url=https://theprint.in/ideas-that-worked/cisf-transformed-revenue-earning-modern-security-force/40620/ |access-date=3 July 2020}}</ref> The local policemen that were responsible for guarding the industrial plant were diverted and deployed to apprehend the growing violence and maintain law and order in the town which left the security of the plant compromised.<ref name="Print18" /> These developments highlighted poor state of industrial security in the country and attracted national attention including of the [[Parliament of India|Parliament]].<ref name="ChatterjeeP74" /><ref name="LSDebate64">{{cite hansard |jurisdiction=Republic of India |title=Lok Sabha Debates |url= |house=Lok Sabha |date=3 October 1964 |column_start=5035 |column_end=5040 |speaker=[[Tribhuvan Narain Singh|Singh, Tribhuvan Narain]] |position=Union Minister of Industry and Steel}}</ref> The Government of India acted upon the issue by appointing a judicial commission of inquiry headed by retired justice of [[Allahabad High Court]] B. Mukherjee. The Mukherjee Commission found sabotage as a reason behind the fire at the HEC and reported inadequate security arrangements in industries at large. His report also recommended of creating a central industrial security force under the Government of India.<ref name="ChatterjeeP74" /><ref name="LSDebate64" /> When the matter was discussed and the report was tabled at the [[Lok Sabha]] on 3 October 1964, the Union Minister of Industry and Steel [[Tribhuvan Narain Singh]] assured the house that the suggestion of Justice Mukherjee regarding setting up a central security agency for industrial security was under "examination" by the government.<ref name="LSDebate64" />
India adopted [[economy of the Soviet Union|Soviet model of planned economy]] after the independence and Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] promoted an economic policy based on [[import substitution industrialisation]].<ref name="Ghosh">{{cite book | title=Jawaharlal Nehru | publisher=Allied Publishers | author=Ghose, Shankar | page=243 | isbn=978-8170233695}}</ref> The second [[Five-Year Plans of India|five year plan]] (1956–60) and the Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 emphasised the development of public sector undertakings (PSUs) to meet Nehru's national industrialisation policy.<ref name="Ahluwalia">{{cite book | title=Productivity and Growth in Indian Manufacturing | publisher=Academic Foundation | author=Ahluwalia, Isher J. |year=1993 | location=New Delhi | pages=25 | isbn=9788171880942}}</ref> The [[Government of India]] emphasised heavily in developing industries and its concern for the industrial security persuaded it in 1961 to appoint a high ranking police officer as the Security Advisor in the [[Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)|Department of Industry]] for advising the PSUs on security related matters. Findings of the Security Advisor outlined many defects in the security arrangements of the PSUs and recommendation was made to setup a "unified force" exclusively to provide security and protection to PSUs.<ref>{{Harvnb|Chatterjee|2005|p=73}}</ref> A major fire at [[Heavy Engineering Corporation]] (HEC) production plant in [[Ranchi]] on 29 January 1964 resulted colossal loss of property. This incident was followed by disturbances among the workers of the plant in the town.<ref name="ChatterjeeP74">{{Harvnb|Chatterjee|2005|p=74}}</ref><ref name="Print18">{{Cite news |last=Bhardwaj |first=Ananya |date=10 March 2018 |title=How CISF transformed itself into a revenue-earning modern security force |work=The Print |url=https://theprint.in/ideas-that-worked/cisf-transformed-revenue-earning-modern-security-force/40620/ |access-date=3 July 2020}}</ref> The local policemen that were responsible for guarding the industrial plant were diverted and deployed to apprehend the growing violence and maintain law and order in the town which left the security of the plant compromised.<ref name="Print18" /> These developments highlighted poor state of industrial security in the country and attracted national attention including of the [[Parliament of India|Parliament]].<ref name="ChatterjeeP74" /><ref name="LSDebate64">{{cite hansard |jurisdiction=Republic of India |title=Lok Sabha Debates |url= |house=Lok Sabha |date=3 October 1964 |column_start=5035 |column_end=5040 |speaker=[[Tribhuvan Narain Singh|Singh, Tribhuvan Narain]] |position=Union Minister of Industry and Steel}}</ref> The Government of India acted upon the issue by appointing a judicial commission of inquiry headed by retired justice of [[Allahabad High Court]] B. Mukherjee. The Mukherjee Commission found sabotage as a reason behind the fire at the HEC and reported inadequate security arrangements in industries at large. His report also recommended of creating a central industrial security force under the Government of India.<ref name="ChatterjeeP74" /><ref name="LSDebate64" /> When the matter was discussed and the report was tabled at the [[Lok Sabha]] on 3 October 1964, the Union Minister of Industry and Steel [[Tribhuvan Narain Singh]] assured the house that the suggestion of Justice Mukherjee regarding setting up a central security agency for industrial security was under "examination" by the government.<ref name="LSDebate64" />

== Raising of the CISF ==
The Government of India brought the Central Industrial Security Force Bill, 1968, in order to materialise the recommendations for establishing a federally-governed industrial security force. When the bill was discussed in the parliament strong objections were raised by the opposition parties against the clause which conferred [[power of arrest]] to the personnel of CISF, which is usually held by state police. Members of the opposition parties expressed their disapproval as they were of the opinion that this clause would infringe upon the constitutional right of the states by allowing a federal force to exercise the power which otherwise comes under a [[State List|state subject]]. However, the objection was dismissed by the Union Minister of State for Home Affairs, [[Vidya Charan Shukla]], by underscoring the inadequacy of the contemporary security system of the PSUs and the urgency of forming a trained disciplined force to ameliorate the latter.<ref name="Desai86">{{Harvnb|Desai|1986|p=122}}</ref> The bill became an act on 2 December 1968 and came into force on 10 March 1969 when the Central Industrial Security Force was raised with a strength of 2,800 personnel.<ref name="CISFActP1">{{Harvnb|CISF Act, 1968|p=1}}</ref><ref name="Republic20">{{Cite News |url=https://www.republicworld.com/india-news/general-news/union-home-minister-amit-shah-hails-the-cisf-on-their-51st-raising-day.html |title=Union Home Minister Amit Shah Hails The CISF On Their 51st Raising Day |publisher=[[Republic TV]] |last=Varma |first=Ananya |date=10 March 2020 |access-date=3 July 2020}}</ref> This day is celebrated every year by the force as its Raising Day.<ref name="Republic20" /> However, the force was not made an armed force and its mandate was of watch and ward nature for maintaining vigilance and guard at the industries.<ref name="ChatterjeeP74" /> The first induction of the CISF in a PSU was held at a [[Fertilizer Corporation of India]] manufacturing plant (which was later reorganised into [[Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers]]) in [[Trombay]], [[Maharashtra]] on 1 November 1969 and the next day on 2 November 1969 it was inducted at [[Bokaro Steel Plant|Bokaro Steel Company Limited]], [[Bokaro Steel City|Bokaro]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Rajya Sabha Report|2018|p=11}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==

Revision as of 11:41, 3 July 2020

The Central Industrial Security Force Act, 1968, is an act of Indian Parliament through which the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) was raised on 10 March 1969.

Background

India adopted Soviet model of planned economy after the independence and Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru promoted an economic policy based on import substitution industrialisation.[1] The second five year plan (1956–60) and the Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 emphasised the development of public sector undertakings (PSUs) to meet Nehru's national industrialisation policy.[2] The Government of India emphasised heavily in developing industries and its concern for the industrial security persuaded it in 1961 to appoint a high ranking police officer as the Security Advisor in the Department of Industry for advising the PSUs on security related matters. Findings of the Security Advisor outlined many defects in the security arrangements of the PSUs and recommendation was made to setup a "unified force" exclusively to provide security and protection to PSUs.[3] A major fire at Heavy Engineering Corporation (HEC) production plant in Ranchi on 29 January 1964 resulted colossal loss of property. This incident was followed by disturbances among the workers of the plant in the town.[4][5] The local policemen that were responsible for guarding the industrial plant were diverted and deployed to apprehend the growing violence and maintain law and order in the town which left the security of the plant compromised.[5] These developments highlighted poor state of industrial security in the country and attracted national attention including of the Parliament.[4][6] The Government of India acted upon the issue by appointing a judicial commission of inquiry headed by retired justice of Allahabad High Court B. Mukherjee. The Mukherjee Commission found sabotage as a reason behind the fire at the HEC and reported inadequate security arrangements in industries at large. His report also recommended of creating a central industrial security force under the Government of India.[4][6] When the matter was discussed and the report was tabled at the Lok Sabha on 3 October 1964, the Union Minister of Industry and Steel Tribhuvan Narain Singh assured the house that the suggestion of Justice Mukherjee regarding setting up a central security agency for industrial security was under "examination" by the government.[6]

Raising of the CISF

The Government of India brought the Central Industrial Security Force Bill, 1968, in order to materialise the recommendations for establishing a federally-governed industrial security force. When the bill was discussed in the parliament strong objections were raised by the opposition parties against the clause which conferred power of arrest to the personnel of CISF, which is usually held by state police. Members of the opposition parties expressed their disapproval as they were of the opinion that this clause would infringe upon the constitutional right of the states by allowing a federal force to exercise the power which otherwise comes under a state subject. However, the objection was dismissed by the Union Minister of State for Home Affairs, Vidya Charan Shukla, by underscoring the inadequacy of the contemporary security system of the PSUs and the urgency of forming a trained disciplined force to ameliorate the latter.[7] The bill became an act on 2 December 1968 and came into force on 10 March 1969 when the Central Industrial Security Force was raised with a strength of 2,800 personnel.[8][9] This day is celebrated every year by the force as its Raising Day.[9] However, the force was not made an armed force and its mandate was of watch and ward nature for maintaining vigilance and guard at the industries.[4] The first induction of the CISF in a PSU was held at a Fertilizer Corporation of India manufacturing plant (which was later reorganised into Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers) in Trombay, Maharashtra on 1 November 1969 and the next day on 2 November 1969 it was inducted at Bokaro Steel Company Limited, Bokaro.[10]

References

  1. ^ Ghose, Shankar. Jawaharlal Nehru. Allied Publishers. p. 243. ISBN 978-8170233695.
  2. ^ Ahluwalia, Isher J. (1993). Productivity and Growth in Indian Manufacturing. New Delhi: Academic Foundation. p. 25. ISBN 9788171880942.
  3. ^ Chatterjee 2005, p. 73
  4. ^ a b c d Chatterjee 2005, p. 74
  5. ^ a b Bhardwaj, Ananya (10 March 2018). "How CISF transformed itself into a revenue-earning modern security force". The Print. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
  6. ^ a b c Singh, Tribhuvan Narain, Union Minister of Industry and Steel (3 October 1964). "Lok Sabha Debates". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Republic of India: Lok Sabha. col. 5035–5040.
  7. ^ Desai 1986, p. 122
  8. ^ CISF Act, 1968, p. 1
  9. ^ a b Varma, Ananya (10 March 2020). "Union Home Minister Amit Shah Hails The CISF On Their 51st Raising Day". Republic TV. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
  10. ^ Rajya Sabha Report 2018, p. 11

Bibliography

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