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'''Lighting as a Service (LaaS)''', also known as Light as a Service, is a service based business model in which light service is charged on a subscription basis rather than via an one-time payment. It is managed by third parties,<ref>{{cite book|title=Transdisciplinary Lifecycle Analysis of Systems: Proceedings oft he 22nd ISPE Inc. International Conference on Concurrent Engineering, July 20-23, 2015|author1=Curran, R.|author2=Wognum, N.|author3=Borsato, M. |author4=Stjepandic, J.|author5=Verhagen, W. |publisher=IOS Press BV|place=Amsterdam|date= 2015|isbn=978-1-61499-544-9}}</ref> more precisely, by specialized service providers and may include light design, financing, installation, maintenance and other services.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ecoengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/NFMT2017-Lighting-as-a-Service_022417.pdf|author=Brunette, B.|title=Lighting as a Service: A New Model for Energy Efficiency|website=ecoengineering.com|publisher= Eco Engineering|date=7 March 2017|accessdate= 8 July 2020}}</ref> The model enables customers to outsource lighting aspects of their business over a set time.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://guidehouseinsights.com/reports/market-data-lighting-as-a-service|author=Guidehouse Insights|title=Market Data: Lighting as a Service|website=guidehouseinsights.com |publisher=Guidehouse Insights|accessdate= 8 July 2020}}</ref> In opposition to an operating lease, the LaaS provider doesn’t transfer the ownership of a product but maintains the ownership of the equipment throughout the duration of the subscription contract. This makes it an environmentally friendly business approach allowing an extended product life with several lifecycles.<ref>{{cite book|title=Transdisciplinary Lifecycle Analysis of Systems: Proceedings oft he 22nd ISPE Inc. International Conference on Concurrent Engineering, July 20-23, 2015|author1=Curran, R.|author2=Wognum, N.|author3=Borsato, M. |author4=Stjepandic, J.|author5=Verhagen, W. |publisher=IOS Press BV|place=Amsterdam|date= 2015|isbn=978-1-61499-544-9}}</ref> The LaaS model has become more common in commercial and citywide installations of [[light-emitting diode|LED]] lights, specifically in retrofitting buildings and outdoor facilities, with the prior aim of reducing installation costs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://insights.regencylighting.com/what-is-lighting-as-a-service-laas-and-how-does-it-work|author=Scott, A.|title=What is lighting as a service (LaaS) and how does it work?|website=insights.regencylighting.com|publisher= Regency Lighting|date=26 October 2016|accessdate= 8 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://exclusive.multibriefs.com/content/what-is-lighting-as-a-service-and-why-does-it-matter/facilities-grounds|author=Scott, E.R.|title=What is lightin-as-a-service, and why does it matter?|website=exclusive.multibriefs.com|publisher=Multibriefs: Exclusive|date=21 June 2018|accessdate= 8 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/4600423/global-lighting-as-a-service-market-focus-on#rela0-4805606|author=ID: 4600423|title=Global Lighting as a Service Market: Focus on Applications, Leading Players Ranking, and Competitive Landscape - Analysis and Forecast (2018-2025)|website=researchandmarkets.com|publisher=Research And Markets|date=July 2018|accessdate= 8 July 2020}}</ref> Light vendors have used an LaaS strategy in selling value-added services such as Internet-connected lighting and energy management.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.iotworld.com/author.asp?section_id=3219&doc_id=563310 |author=Dean, B.|title = IoT Enables Lighting-as-a-Service|work = iotworld.com|publisher = IoT World|date = 25 July 2014|accessdate = 23 October 2014}}</ref>
{{Multiple issues|
{{Underlinked|date=April 2020}}
{{Orphan|date=April 2020}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2015}}
}}


==History==
'''Lighting as a Service (LaaS)''' is a service delivery model in which light service is charged on a subscription basis rather than via a one-time payment. This business model has become more common in commercial and citywide installations of [[LED lights]], specifically in [[retrofitting]] buildings and outdoor facilities, with the aim of reducing installation costs. Light vendors have used an LaaS strategy in selling value-added services, such as Internet-connected lighting and energy management.<ref>{{cite web
Over the years the lighting industry has faced a major disruption due to the shift in demand from conventional light sources to energy-efficient lighting. Especially in the commercial sector this industrial change has caused a higher demand in long-life LED products<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reportlinker.com/p05867022/LED-Lighting-Market-Size-Share-Trends-Analysis-Report-By-End-Use-By-Product-By-Application-And-Segment-Forecasts.html?utm_source=GNW|author=ID: 5867022|title=LED Lighting Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By End Use, By Product, By Application And Segment Forecasts, 2020 - 2027|website=reportlinker.com|publisher=Grand View Research|date=June 2020|accessdate= 8 July 2020}}</ref> which come along with lower energy consumption and improved physical robustness.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ledsmagazine.com/home/article/16699168/lighting-as-a-service
|url = http://www.iotworld.com/author.asp?section_id=3219&doc_id=563310
|author=Vijay, S.|title=Lighting as a Service|website=ledsmagazine.com|date=15 April 2014|accessdate= 8 July 2020}}</ref> While light bulbs have to be replaced approximately every year or two, LED products last around 20 years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wired.com/beyond-the-beyond/2018/03/intelligent-light-service/|author=Higginbotham, S.|title=Intelligent light as a service|website=wired.com|date=23 March 2018|accessdate= 8 July 2020}}</ref> The idea of Lighting as a Service was invented in response to business demand<ref>{{cite web|url=https://urbanvolt.com/blog/2019/2/8/what-is-light-as-a-service|author=Urban Volt|title=What is Light as a Service and How Does It Work|website=urbanvolt.com|date= 26 May 2018|accessdate= 8 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reportbuyer.com/product/5478241/global-lighting-as-a-service-market-focus-on-applications-leading-players-ranking-and-competitive-landscape-analysis-and-forecast-2018-2025.html|author=ID: 5478241|title=Global Lighting as a Service Market: Focus on Applications, Leading Players Ranking, and Competitive Landscape - Analysis and Forecast (2018-2025)|website=reportbuyer.com|date= July 2018|accessdate= 8 July 2020}}</ref> in order to decrease the costs and boost the efficiency of energy without any investment from the end users side. All of this is achieved by the help of light control systems and the [[Internet of things|Internet of Things]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.porsche-consulting.com/fileadmin/docs/04_Medien/Publikationen/SRX04032_Smart_Buildings/190913_07_DAV_Smart_Building.pdf|author=Porsche Consulting|title=Smart Building as a Business: A guide for hardware companies on how to develop their smartification strategy|website=porsche-consulting.com|date= 2019|accessdate= 8 July 2020}}</ref>
|title = IoT Enables Lighting-as-a-Service

|work = iotworld.com
The concept of selling Lighting as a Service was developed by Thomas Rau in collaboration with [[Philips|Philips]] throughout the first „Pay per Lux“ project. Customers would only pay for the amount of light they use. The idea originated when Thomas Rau equipped the office of RAU Architects in Amsterdam. Instead of purchasing lighting infrastructure that comes with high costs and the need to be replaced after some time, he applied the model of Light as a Service to furnish the building with lighting. LED installations along with a sensor and controller system to minimize energy use were provided by Philips who maintained the ownership of the set-up. RAU Architects on the other hand benefited from the entire maintenance service.<ref>{{cite book|title=Electronic Waste Management|author=Meloni, M.|publisher=The Royal Society of Chemistry|place=Croydon|date= 2019|edition=2}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.corporateknights.com/channels/leadership/green-50-15873659/|author1=Vasil, A.|author2=Väyrynen, L.|author3=Heaps, T.|title=Green 50: Top business moves that helped the planet|website=corporateknights.com|date=20 April 2020|accessdate= 8 July 2020}}</ref>
|publisher = IoT World

|date = 25 July 2014
==Value Proposition==
|accessdate = 23 October 2014
Lighting as a Service offerings include indoor and outdoor service types and usually are demanded by end users from the commercial, municipal or industrial sectors.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/lighting-as-a-service-market-by-end-user-installation-component-and-region---global-forecast-to-2021-300344865.html|author= Report Buyer|title= Lighting as a Service Market by End-User, Installation, Component, and Region - Global Forecast to 2021
|first = Brian
|website=prnewswire.com|publisher=PR Newswire|date=13 October, 2013|accessdate= 8 July 2020}}</ref> LaaS supplies client companies with efficient lighting technology and in the most cases undertakes associated services including project management, product delivery and installation as well as maintenance.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://urbanvolt.com/blog/2019/2/8/what-is-light-as-a-service|author=Urban Volt|title=What is Light as a Service and How Does It Work|website=urbanvolt.com|date= 26 May 2018|accessdate= 8 July 2020}}</ref>
|last = Dean

}}</ref>
===Pros===
Since no upfront investment has to be done, the subscription to LaaS offers comes with less engagement of personal resources. This subsequently has a positive impact on the reduction of risks and costs for the end user.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://guidehouseinsights.com/reports/market-data-energy-efficient-lighting-for-commercial-markets|author=Guidehouse Insights|title=Market Data: Energy Efficient Lighting for Commercial Markets|website=guidehouseinsights.com |publisher=Guidehouse Insights|accessdate= 8 July 2020}}</ref> Furthermore modern lighting technology used by LaaS vendors results in energy savings as well as the reduction of carbon emissions.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://exclusive.multibriefs.com/content/what-is-lighting-as-a-service-and-why-does-it-matter/facilities-grounds|author=Scott, E.R.|title=What is lightin-as-a-service, and why does it matter?|website=exclusive.multibriefs.com|publisher=Multibriefs: Exclusive|date=21 June 2018|accessdate= 8 July 2020}}</ref> The light supplier as an expert in the light industry remains accountable for monitoring and maintaining the lighting systems, including replacements, and also deals with recycling issues.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ledsmagazine.com/leds-ssl-design/modular-light-engines/article/16695809/lighting-as-a-service-poised-to-deliver-the-circular-economy-magazine|author=Halper, M.|title=Lighting as a service poised to deliver the circular economy|website=ledsmagazine.com|date=29 May 2018|accessdate= 8 July 2020}}</ref>

===Cons===
The subscription to LaaS offerings doesn’t involve the acquisition of the lighting product itself and makes the provider retain the ownership. Throughout the duration of the contract the client is bound to its provider which, depending upon the contract arrangement and funding model, can be set up to long durations.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://insights.regencylighting.com/what-is-lighting-as-a-service-laas-and-how-does-it-work|author=Scott, A.|title=What is lighting as a service (LaaS) and how does it work?|website=insights.regencylighting.com|publisher=Regency Lighting|date=26 October 2016|accessdate= 8 July 2020}}</ref>

==Market==
===Development===
The global Lighting as a Service market is growing rapidly,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/4600423/global-lighting-as-a-service-market-focus-on#rela0-4805606|author=ID: 4600423|title=Global Lighting as a Service Market: Focus on Applications, Leading Players Ranking, and Competitive Landscape - Analysis and Forecast (2018-2025)|website=researchandmarkets.com|publisher=Research And Markets|date=July 2018|accessdate= 8 July 2020}}</ref> welcoming more and more lighting companies, IT integrators and facility management service providers trying to capture the new market by the means of refining their business models to „as a service“ offerings<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stouchlighting.com/blog/lighting-as-a-service-laas|author=Stouch Lighting|title=What is Lighting-as-a-Service (LaaS) and What does it mean for LED Lighting Retrofits?|website=stouchlighting.com|accessdate= 8 July 2020}}</ref> but also through mergers, collaborations and partnerships.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/global-lighting-as-a-service-laas-market-is-expected-to-witness-tremendous-growth-during-the-forecast-period-2018-2025-300719623.html|author=PR Newswire|title=Global Lighting as a Service (LaaS) market is expected to witness tremendous growth during the forecast period 2018-2025|website= prnewswire.com|publisher=PR Newswire|date=26 September 2018|accessdate= 8 July 2020}}</ref>

===Keyplayers===
In terms of geographical distribution the LaaS market is categorized into seven main regions: North and Latin America, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, Asia-Pacific, Japan and the Middle East and Africa. North America constitutes the largest market for LaaS, closely followed by Western and Eastern Europe which is expected to witness the fastest growth rate in 2018-2025.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/global-lighting-as-a-service-laas-market-is-expected-to-witness-tremendous-growth-during-the-forecast-period-2018-2025-300719623.html|author=PR Newswire|title=Global Lighting as a Service (LaaS) market is expected to witness tremendous growth during the forecast period 2018-2025|website=prnewswire.com|publisher=PR Newswire|date=26 September, 2018|accessdate= 8 July 2020}}</ref> This change is attributed to he widespread adoption of LaaS in Germany and the UK.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/4600423/global-lighting-as-a-service-market-focus-on#rela0-4805606|author=ID: 4600423|title=Global Lighting as a Service Market: Focus on Applications, Leading Players Ranking, and Competitive Landscape - Analysis and Forecast (2018-2025)|website=researchandmarkets.com|publisher=Research And Markets|date=July 2018|accessdate= 8 July 2020}}</ref> Global key players are Cooper Industries Inc. (USA), SIB Lighting (USA), Cree Inc. (USA), Digital Lumens Inc. (USA), Lutron Electronics Comany Inc. (USA), General Electric Lighting (USA), Itelecom USA (USA), Future Energy Solutions (USA & UK), Igor Inc. (UK), Legrand (France), Koninklijke Philips N.V. (Netherlands), Eaton Corporation (Ireland), Urban Volt (Ireland), Zumtobel Group (Austria), Osram Ag (Germany), Deutsche Lichtmiete (Germany) and RCG Lighthouse (Latvia).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coleofduty.com/news/2020/06/24/global-night-light-market-2020-industry-segment-philips-feit-electric-eaton-ge-panasonic-osram-pak-legrand-hugo-brennenstuhl/|author=Santosh|title=Global Night Light Market 2020 Industry Segment – Philips, Feit Electric, Eaton, GE, Panasonic, Osram, PAK, Legrand, Hugo Brennenstuhl|website=coleofduty.com|date=24 June 2020|accessdate= 8 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://kapitalmarkt.blog/light-as-a-service-die-kombination-aus-modernisierung-klimaschutz-und-wirtschaftlichkeit/|author=Göttelmann, P.|title= LIGHT AS A SERVICE: DIE KOMBINATION AUS MODERNISIERUNG, KLIMASCHUTZ UND WIRTSCHAFTLICHKEIT|website=kapitalmarkt.blog|date=9 December 2019|accessdate= 8 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/4600423/global-lighting-as-a-service-market-focus-on#rela0-4805606|author=ID: 4600423|title=Global Lighting as a Service Market: Focus on Applications, Leading Players Ranking, and Competitive Landscape - Analysis and Forecast (2018-2025)|website=researchandmarkets.com|publisher=Research And Markets|date=July 2018|accessdate= 8 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reportbuyer.com/product/5478241/global-lighting-as-a-service-market-focus-on-applications-leading-players-ranking-and-competitive-landscape-analysis-and-forecast-2018-2025.html|author=ID: 5478241|title=Global Lighting as a Service Market: Focus on Applications, Leading Players Ranking, and Competitive Landscape - Analysis and Forecast (2018-2025)|website=reportbuyer.com|date= July 2018|accessdate= 8 July 2020}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 21:06, 8 July 2020

Lighting as a Service (LaaS), also known as Light as a Service, is a service based business model in which light service is charged on a subscription basis rather than via an one-time payment. It is managed by third parties,[1] more precisely, by specialized service providers and may include light design, financing, installation, maintenance and other services.[2] The model enables customers to outsource lighting aspects of their business over a set time.[3] In opposition to an operating lease, the LaaS provider doesn’t transfer the ownership of a product but maintains the ownership of the equipment throughout the duration of the subscription contract. This makes it an environmentally friendly business approach allowing an extended product life with several lifecycles.[4] The LaaS model has become more common in commercial and citywide installations of LED lights, specifically in retrofitting buildings and outdoor facilities, with the prior aim of reducing installation costs.[5][6][7] Light vendors have used an LaaS strategy in selling value-added services such as Internet-connected lighting and energy management.[8]

History

Over the years the lighting industry has faced a major disruption due to the shift in demand from conventional light sources to energy-efficient lighting. Especially in the commercial sector this industrial change has caused a higher demand in long-life LED products[9] which come along with lower energy consumption and improved physical robustness.[10] While light bulbs have to be replaced approximately every year or two, LED products last around 20 years.[11] The idea of Lighting as a Service was invented in response to business demand[12][13] in order to decrease the costs and boost the efficiency of energy without any investment from the end users side. All of this is achieved by the help of light control systems and the Internet of Things.[14]

The concept of selling Lighting as a Service was developed by Thomas Rau in collaboration with Philips throughout the first „Pay per Lux“ project. Customers would only pay for the amount of light they use. The idea originated when Thomas Rau equipped the office of RAU Architects in Amsterdam. Instead of purchasing lighting infrastructure that comes with high costs and the need to be replaced after some time, he applied the model of Light as a Service to furnish the building with lighting. LED installations along with a sensor and controller system to minimize energy use were provided by Philips who maintained the ownership of the set-up. RAU Architects on the other hand benefited from the entire maintenance service.[15][16]

Value Proposition

Lighting as a Service offerings include indoor and outdoor service types and usually are demanded by end users from the commercial, municipal or industrial sectors.[17] LaaS supplies client companies with efficient lighting technology and in the most cases undertakes associated services including project management, product delivery and installation as well as maintenance.[18]

Pros

Since no upfront investment has to be done, the subscription to LaaS offers comes with less engagement of personal resources. This subsequently has a positive impact on the reduction of risks and costs for the end user.[19] Furthermore modern lighting technology used by LaaS vendors results in energy savings as well as the reduction of carbon emissions.[20] The light supplier as an expert in the light industry remains accountable for monitoring and maintaining the lighting systems, including replacements, and also deals with recycling issues.[21]

Cons

The subscription to LaaS offerings doesn’t involve the acquisition of the lighting product itself and makes the provider retain the ownership. Throughout the duration of the contract the client is bound to its provider which, depending upon the contract arrangement and funding model, can be set up to long durations.[22]

Market

Development

The global Lighting as a Service market is growing rapidly,[23] welcoming more and more lighting companies, IT integrators and facility management service providers trying to capture the new market by the means of refining their business models to „as a service“ offerings[24] but also through mergers, collaborations and partnerships.[25]

Keyplayers

In terms of geographical distribution the LaaS market is categorized into seven main regions: North and Latin America, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, Asia-Pacific, Japan and the Middle East and Africa. North America constitutes the largest market for LaaS, closely followed by Western and Eastern Europe which is expected to witness the fastest growth rate in 2018-2025.[26] This change is attributed to he widespread adoption of LaaS in Germany and the UK.[27] Global key players are Cooper Industries Inc. (USA), SIB Lighting (USA), Cree Inc. (USA), Digital Lumens Inc. (USA), Lutron Electronics Comany Inc. (USA), General Electric Lighting (USA), Itelecom USA (USA), Future Energy Solutions (USA & UK), Igor Inc. (UK), Legrand (France), Koninklijke Philips N.V. (Netherlands), Eaton Corporation (Ireland), Urban Volt (Ireland), Zumtobel Group (Austria), Osram Ag (Germany), Deutsche Lichtmiete (Germany) and RCG Lighthouse (Latvia).[28][29][30][31]

References

  1. ^ Curran, R.; Wognum, N.; Borsato, M.; Stjepandic, J.; Verhagen, W. (2015). Transdisciplinary Lifecycle Analysis of Systems: Proceedings oft he 22nd ISPE Inc. International Conference on Concurrent Engineering, July 20-23, 2015. Amsterdam: IOS Press BV. ISBN 978-1-61499-544-9.
  2. ^ Brunette, B. (7 March 2017). "Lighting as a Service: A New Model for Energy Efficiency" (PDF). ecoengineering.com. Eco Engineering. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  3. ^ Guidehouse Insights. "Market Data: Lighting as a Service". guidehouseinsights.com. Guidehouse Insights. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  4. ^ Curran, R.; Wognum, N.; Borsato, M.; Stjepandic, J.; Verhagen, W. (2015). Transdisciplinary Lifecycle Analysis of Systems: Proceedings oft he 22nd ISPE Inc. International Conference on Concurrent Engineering, July 20-23, 2015. Amsterdam: IOS Press BV. ISBN 978-1-61499-544-9.
  5. ^ Scott, A. (26 October 2016). "What is lighting as a service (LaaS) and how does it work?". insights.regencylighting.com. Regency Lighting. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  6. ^ Scott, E.R. (21 June 2018). "What is lightin-as-a-service, and why does it matter?". exclusive.multibriefs.com. Multibriefs: Exclusive. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  7. ^ ID: 4600423 (July 2018). "Global Lighting as a Service Market: Focus on Applications, Leading Players Ranking, and Competitive Landscape - Analysis and Forecast (2018-2025)". researchandmarkets.com. Research And Markets. Retrieved 8 July 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ Dean, B. (25 July 2014). "IoT Enables Lighting-as-a-Service". iotworld.com. IoT World. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
  9. ^ ID: 5867022 (June 2020). "LED Lighting Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By End Use, By Product, By Application And Segment Forecasts, 2020 - 2027". reportlinker.com. Grand View Research. Retrieved 8 July 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ Vijay, S. (15 April 2014). "Lighting as a Service". ledsmagazine.com. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  11. ^ Higginbotham, S. (23 March 2018). "Intelligent light as a service". wired.com. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  12. ^ Urban Volt (26 May 2018). "What is Light as a Service and How Does It Work". urbanvolt.com. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  13. ^ ID: 5478241 (July 2018). "Global Lighting as a Service Market: Focus on Applications, Leading Players Ranking, and Competitive Landscape - Analysis and Forecast (2018-2025)". reportbuyer.com. Retrieved 8 July 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  14. ^ Porsche Consulting (2019). "Smart Building as a Business: A guide for hardware companies on how to develop their smartification strategy" (PDF). porsche-consulting.com. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  15. ^ Meloni, M. (2019). Electronic Waste Management (2 ed.). Croydon: The Royal Society of Chemistry.
  16. ^ Vasil, A.; Väyrynen, L.; Heaps, T. (20 April 2020). "Green 50: Top business moves that helped the planet". corporateknights.com. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  17. ^ Report Buyer (13 October, 2013). "Lighting as a Service Market by End-User, Installation, Component, and Region - Global Forecast to 2021". prnewswire.com. PR Newswire. Retrieved 8 July 2020. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  18. ^ Urban Volt (26 May 2018). "What is Light as a Service and How Does It Work". urbanvolt.com. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  19. ^ Guidehouse Insights. "Market Data: Energy Efficient Lighting for Commercial Markets". guidehouseinsights.com. Guidehouse Insights. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  20. ^ Scott, E.R. (21 June 2018). "What is lightin-as-a-service, and why does it matter?". exclusive.multibriefs.com. Multibriefs: Exclusive. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  21. ^ Halper, M. (29 May 2018). "Lighting as a service poised to deliver the circular economy". ledsmagazine.com. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  22. ^ Scott, A. (26 October 2016). "What is lighting as a service (LaaS) and how does it work?". insights.regencylighting.com. Regency Lighting. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  23. ^ ID: 4600423 (July 2018). "Global Lighting as a Service Market: Focus on Applications, Leading Players Ranking, and Competitive Landscape - Analysis and Forecast (2018-2025)". researchandmarkets.com. Research And Markets. Retrieved 8 July 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  24. ^ Stouch Lighting. "What is Lighting-as-a-Service (LaaS) and What does it mean for LED Lighting Retrofits?". stouchlighting.com. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  25. ^ PR Newswire (26 September 2018). "Global Lighting as a Service (LaaS) market is expected to witness tremendous growth during the forecast period 2018-2025". prnewswire.com. PR Newswire. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  26. ^ PR Newswire (26 September, 2018). "Global Lighting as a Service (LaaS) market is expected to witness tremendous growth during the forecast period 2018-2025". prnewswire.com. PR Newswire. Retrieved 8 July 2020. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  27. ^ ID: 4600423 (July 2018). "Global Lighting as a Service Market: Focus on Applications, Leading Players Ranking, and Competitive Landscape - Analysis and Forecast (2018-2025)". researchandmarkets.com. Research And Markets. Retrieved 8 July 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  28. ^ Santosh (24 June 2020). "Global Night Light Market 2020 Industry Segment – Philips, Feit Electric, Eaton, GE, Panasonic, Osram, PAK, Legrand, Hugo Brennenstuhl". coleofduty.com. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  29. ^ Göttelmann, P. (9 December 2019). "LIGHT AS A SERVICE: DIE KOMBINATION AUS MODERNISIERUNG, KLIMASCHUTZ UND WIRTSCHAFTLICHKEIT". kapitalmarkt.blog. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  30. ^ ID: 4600423 (July 2018). "Global Lighting as a Service Market: Focus on Applications, Leading Players Ranking, and Competitive Landscape - Analysis and Forecast (2018-2025)". researchandmarkets.com. Research And Markets. Retrieved 8 July 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  31. ^ ID: 5478241 (July 2018). "Global Lighting as a Service Market: Focus on Applications, Leading Players Ranking, and Competitive Landscape - Analysis and Forecast (2018-2025)". reportbuyer.com. Retrieved 8 July 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
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