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The film was originally called ''Black and White''. It was the idea of [[Timothy Harris (writer)|Timothy Harris]] who was inspired by two brothers he would play tennis against; they were very wealthy and cheap and engaged in rivalry. Harris came up with the story and told it to his writing partner [[Herschel Weingrod]]. They sold the script to Paramount where [[Jeffrey Katzenberg]] offered it to John Landis.<ref name="oral"/>
The film was originally called ''Black and White''. It was the idea of [[Timothy Harris (writer)|Timothy Harris]] who was inspired by two brothers he would play tennis against; they were very wealthy and cheap and engaged in rivalry. Harris came up with the story and told it to his writing partner [[Herschel Weingrod]]. They sold the script to Paramount where [[Jeffrey Katzenberg]] offered it to John Landis.<ref name="oral"/>


Landis called it a "very old fashioned, a social comedy very much like the screwball stuff done in the '30s. "<ref name="oral"/> The script had been developed for [[Richard Pryor]] and [[Gene Wilder]] but then Pryor was involved in a severe accident. Paramount suggested Eddie Murphy as a replacement (''48 Hours'' had been filmed but not released). Landis liked him and pushed for Dan Aykroyd as a co star. Paramount were reluctant as they felt Aykroyd would not work without John Belushi; Landis says "conventional wisdom was that Aykroyd without Belushi was like Abbott without Costello, and that his career was over." Landis felt that Aykroyd "was a fine actor, and he could easily play this guy. Danny, he's an actor: You tell him what you want, and he delivers. And I thought he'd be wonderful."<ref name="oral"/>
Landis called it a "very old fashioned, a social comedy very much like the screwball stuff done in the '30s. "<ref name="oral"/> The script had been developed for [[Richard Pryor]] and [[Gene Wilder]] but then Pryor was involved in a severe accident. Paramount suggested Eddie Murphy as a replacement (''48 Hours'' had been filmed but not released). Landis liked him and pushed for Dan Aykroyd as a co star. Paramount were reluctant as they felt Aykroyd would not work without [[John Belushi]]; Landis says "conventional wisdom was that Aykroyd without Belushi was like Abbott without Costello, and that his career was over." Landis felt that Aykroyd "was a fine actor, and he could easily play this guy. Danny, he's an actor: You tell him what you want, and he delivers. And I thought he'd be wonderful."<ref name="oral"/>


Landis cast Jamie Lee Curtis over the objections of studio executives who thought she was just a horror star. She was paid $70,000 and says Landis "single-handedly changed the course of my life by giving me that part."<ref name="oral"/>
Landis cast Jamie Lee Curtis over the objections of studio executives who thought she was just a horror star. She was paid $70,000 and says Landis "single-handedly changed the course of my life by giving me that part."<ref name="oral"/>

Revision as of 06:59, 12 July 2020

This article is about the 1983 comedy film. For other uses, see Trading Places (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Trading Spaces.
Trading Places
Theatrical release poster
Directed byJohn Landis
Written byTimothy Harris
Herschel Weingrod
Produced byAaron Russo
Starring
CinematographyRobert Paynter
Edited byMalcolm Campbell
Music byElmer Bernstein
Production
company
Cinema Group Ventures
Distributed byParamount Pictures
Release date
  • June 8, 1983 (1983-06-08)
Running time
116 minutes
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$15 million[1]
Box office$90.4 million[2]

Trading Places is a 1983 American comedy film directed by John Landis and starring Dan Aykroyd and Eddie Murphy. It tells the story of an upper-class commodities broker and a homeless street hustler whose lives cross paths when they are unknowingly made part of an elaborate bet. Ralph Bellamy, Don Ameche, Denholm Elliott, and Jamie Lee Curtis also star. The storyline is often called a modern take on Mark Twain's classic 19th-century novel The Prince and the Pauper.

The film was written by Timothy Harris and Herschel Weingrod and was produced by Aaron Russo. It was released to theaters in North America on July 8, 1983, where it was distributed by Paramount Pictures. The film earned over $90 million during its theatrical run in the United States, finishing as the fourth highest earning film of the year and the second highest-earning R-rated film of 1983.

Denholm Elliott and Jamie Lee Curtis won the awards for Best Actor in a Supporting Role and Best Actress in a Supporting Role, respectively, at the 37th British Academy Film Awards. The film was nominated for several additional awards including Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy at the 41st Golden Globe Awards.

Plot

Brothers Randolph and Mortimer Duke own a commodities brokerage firm, Duke & Duke Commodity Brokers, in Philadelphia. Holding opposing views on the issue of nature versus nurture, they make a wager and agree to conduct an experiment—switching the lives of two people at opposite sides of the social hierarchy and observing the results. They witness an encounter between their managing director—the well-mannered and educated Louis Winthorpe III, engaged to the Dukes' grand-niece Penelope—and a poor street hustler named Billy Ray Valentine; Valentine is arrested at Winthorpe's insistence because of a suspected robbery attempt. The Dukes decide to use the two men for their experiment.

Winthorpe is framed as a thief, drug dealer and philanderer by Clarence Beeks, a man on the Dukes’ payroll. Winthorpe is fired from Duke & Duke, his bank accounts are frozen, he is denied entry to his Duke-owned home, and he is vilified by Penelope and his friends. He befriends Ophelia, a prostitute who helps him in exchange for a financial reward once he is exonerated. The Dukes bail Valentine out of jail, install him in Winthorpe's former job and grant him use of Winthorpe's home. Valentine becomes well-versed in the business using his street smarts to achieve success, and begins to act well-mannered.

During the firm's Christmas party, Winthorpe plants drugs in Valentine's desk attempting to frame him, and brandishes a gun to escape. Later, the Dukes discuss their experiment and settle their wager for $1, before plotting to return Valentine to the streets, but having no intention of taking back Winthorpe. Valentine overhears the conversation and seeks out Winthorpe, who has attempted suicide by overdosing on pills. Valentine, Ophelia, and Winthorpe's butler, Coleman, nurse him back to health and inform him of the experiment. From a television news broadcast, they learn that Clarence Beeks is transporting a secret USDA report on orange crop forecasts. Winthorpe and Valentine recall large payments made to Beeks by the Dukes, and realize that the Dukes will obtain the report early to corner the market on frozen concentrated orange juice.

On New Year's Eve, the four board Beeks' train, intending to switch the original report with a forgery that predicts low orange crop yields. Beeks uncovers their scheme, and attempts to kill them, but is knocked unconscious by a gorilla being transported on the train. The four disguise Beeks with a gorilla costume, and cage him with the real gorilla. After delivering the forged report to the Dukes in Beeks' place, Valentine and Winthorpe travel to New York City with Coleman's and Ophelia's life savings to carry out the plan.

On the commodities trading floor, the Dukes commit their holdings to buying frozen concentrated orange juice futures contracts; other traders follow their lead, inflating the price. Valentine and Winthorpe short sell frozen concentrated orange juice futures contracts at the inflated price. Following the broadcast of the actual crop report and its prediction of a normal harvest, the price of orange juice futures plummets. Valentine and Winthorpe start buying futures at the lower price from everyone except the Dukes, to fulfill the contracts they short sold earlier, turning an immense profit. After the closing bell, Valentine and Winthorpe explain to the Dukes that they made a wager on whether they could get rich and make the Dukes poor at the same time, and Valentine collects $1 from Winthorpe. The exchange manager and his assistants approach the Dukes to settle their margin call. When the Dukes make it clear they do not have the $394 million due, the manager orders the Dukes' exchange seats sold, and their corporate and personal assets confiscated, effectively bankrupting them. Randolph collapses holding his chest, and Mortimer shouts angrily at the others, demanding the floor be reopened in a futile plea to recoup their losses. The now wealthy Valentine, Winthorpe, Ophelia, and Coleman vacation on a tropical beach, while Beeks and the gorilla are loaded onto a ship bound for Africa.

Cast

The cast also includes Robert Curtis-Brown as Todd, Winthorpe's romantic rival for Penelope; Jim Belushi as Harvey, a party-goer on New Year's Eve; Jamie Lee Curtis' sister Kelly Curtis cameos as Penelope's friend Muffy; Frank Oz as a police officer; James Eckhouse as a police officer; Giancarlo Esposito as a cellmate; Muppet performer Richard Hunt as Wilson, a broker on the futures exchange trading floor; and Bo Diddley as a pawnbroker.[3] Tom Davis and Al Franken, also Saturday Night Live cast members, cameo as train baggage handlers.

Ameche's and Bellamy's characters Mortimer and Randolph Duke make a cameo appearance as two homeless men in the 1988 film Coming to America, also directed by Landis and starring Eddie Murphy.[4] A segment of the Trading Places score can be heard during their scene.

Production

The film was originally called Black and White. It was the idea of Timothy Harris who was inspired by two brothers he would play tennis against; they were very wealthy and cheap and engaged in rivalry. Harris came up with the story and told it to his writing partner Herschel Weingrod. They sold the script to Paramount where Jeffrey Katzenberg offered it to John Landis.[5]

Landis called it a "very old fashioned, a social comedy very much like the screwball stuff done in the '30s. "[5] The script had been developed for Richard Pryor and Gene Wilder but then Pryor was involved in a severe accident. Paramount suggested Eddie Murphy as a replacement (48 Hours had been filmed but not released). Landis liked him and pushed for Dan Aykroyd as a co star. Paramount were reluctant as they felt Aykroyd would not work without John Belushi; Landis says "conventional wisdom was that Aykroyd without Belushi was like Abbott without Costello, and that his career was over." Landis felt that Aykroyd "was a fine actor, and he could easily play this guy. Danny, he's an actor: You tell him what you want, and he delivers. And I thought he'd be wonderful."[5]

Landis cast Jamie Lee Curtis over the objections of studio executives who thought she was just a horror star. She was paid $70,000 and says Landis "single-handedly changed the course of my life by giving me that part."[5]

For the part of the villains, Landis wanted to cast a 1940s film star who had never played a villain. His first choice was Ray Milland, but Milland could not pass the insurance physical.[6] After consulting with the Paramount casting department, he thought of Don Ameche.[5] Ameche had no agent listed with the Screen Actors Guild, but he was in the phone book, so Landis simply called him and asked if he'd play the part.[7]

Themes

The storyline of Trading Places—a member of society trading places with another whose socio-economic status stands in direct contrast to his own—often draws comparisons to Mark Twain's novel The Prince and the Pauper.[8][9][10][11][12] First published in 1881, the novel follows the lives of a prince and a beggar—both of them of adolescent age—who use their uncanny resemblance to each other as a premise to switch places temporarily; the prince takes on a life of poverty and misery while the pauper enjoys the lavish luxuries of a royal life. Parallels have also been drawn between Trading Places and Mozart's 18th century comic opera The Marriage of Figaro in which a servant (Figaro) foils the plans of his rich master who tried to steal Figaro's bride to be.[13][14] The music from The Marriage of Figaro is used as a cinematic narrative in the film when the viewers are introduced to the daily routine of protagonist Louis Winthorpe's privileged life with the opera's overture playing in the background.[15][16] The work also takes inspiration from Twain's The Million Pound Bank Note.[17]

American philosopher and professor at Harvard University Stanley Cavell wrote about Trading Places in his 2005 book Cavell on Film. Cavell postulates that film is sometimes used as a new technology in the production and experience of an opera. He explains that this axiom asserts its importance not in the fact that "our time" sees an increased expectation of new operas being developed but, rather, in the fact that there is an increased expectation of "new productions of operas." Cavell draws a comparison of themes between Trading Places and the opera The Marriage of Figaro, stating that "what Trading Places wants from its reference to Figaro is mostly the idea of resourceful and sociable young and poor overcoming with various disguises the conniving of the unsociable old and rich but with no sense that the old may be redeemed by a recognition of their faults and no revolutionary desire to see the world formed on a new basis."[13]

David Budd, in his 2002 book Culture Meets Culture in the Movies, writes about the experiences of characters when the expected roles of races in society are sometimes reversed. The 1995 fiction film White Man's Burden and John Howard Griffin's factual book Black Like Me are used as a foundation to show how different the experience of white people can be when subjected to the prejudices faced by black people. In that respect, Budd proclaims Trading Places as "uncannily illustrative if heavy-handed". Beginning from the premise that, in the film, the "expectations of the races also stand upon their head", Budd states that "through even a highly comedic vessel a message loudly asking for a reassessment of prejudice, and for level playing fields, is heard."[9]

Reception

Box office

Trading Places was released theatrically in the United States on June 10, 1983. During its opening weekend, the film earned $7.3 million from 1,375 theaters—an average of $5,334 per theater—ranking as the third highest-grossing film of the weekend, behind Octopussy ($8.9 million)—debuting the same weekend—and Return of the Jedi ($12 million).[2][18]

The film remained in the top ten grossing films for 17 weeks.[19] It went on to earn $90.4 million during its U.S. theatrical run, making it the 4th highest-grossing film of 1983, behind Flashdance ($92.9 million), Terms of Endearment ($108.4 million) and Return of the Jedi ($252.5 million),[20] and the second highest grossing R-rated film of 1983, behind Flashdance.[21] Adjusted for inflation, the film remains the number 58 highest-grossing R-rated film of all time.[22]

Critical response

Trading Places was met with positive reviews from critics. Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an approval rating of 87%, based on 46 reviews, with an average rating of 7.45/10. The site's consensus states: "Featuring deft interplay between Eddie Murphy and Dan Aykroyd, Trading Places is an immensely appealing social satire."[23] Metacritic gave the film a score of 66 out of 100, based on 9 critics, which indicates "generally favorable reviews".[24]

Author and critic Richard Schickel of Time magazine called Trading Places "one of the most emotionally satisfying and morally gratifying comedies of recent times". While admitting Aykroyd's success in demonstrating "perfect prissiness as Winthorpe", Schickel commented on Murphy's performance as Valentine calling Murphy "a force to be reckoned with" and stating that he "makes Trading Places something more than a good-hearted comedy. He turns it into an event."[25] Film critic Roger Ebert of Chicago Sun-Times awarded the film three and a half stars out of four, while offering that the film resembles Tootsie and comparing it to comedies of Frank Capra and Preston Sturges. Ebert stated "This is good comedy"; he described the characters as "wonderful comic inventions" that rose above what could have been stereotypes due to the actors' skill and explained that the comedy is successful because it "develops the quirks and peculiarities of its characters, so that they're funny because of who they are." He further commented on the cast by favorably commenting on the acting as "engaging", stating that "Murphy and Aykroyd are perfect foils for each other", that they're both capable of being "specifically eccentric", that "they both play characters with a lot of native intelligence" and concluding that "It's fun to watch them thinking." Commenting on Bellamy and Ameche in the roles of the Duke brothers, Ebert called their involvement in the film "a masterstroke of casting."[8]

Janet Maslin of The New York Times repeated some of Roger Ebert's sentiments stating that "Preston Sturges might have made a movie like Trading Places - if he'd had a little less inspiration and a lot more money." She, again, also commended the cast by calling it "well-chosen", commenting on Murphy and Aykroyd as "the two actors best suited", stating that the Duke brothers were "played delightfully" by Ameche and Bellamy and—concluding that "the supporting cast is also quite good"—praising Curtis for managing "to turn a hard-edged, miniskirted prostitute into a character of unexpected charm."[26] Jay Carr of The Boston Globe called it "easily the best of the movies I've seen by the various Saturday Night Live alumni."[27] Empire magazine awarded the film a rating of four stars out of five, classifying Trading Places as "Excellent" per the magazine's star rating system, stating that Murphy and Aykroyd are the show-stealers.[28] A review of the film published by Variety magazine called the film "a light romp geared up by the schtick shifted by Dan Aykroyd and Eddie Murphy." The review gave further commendations to supporting actors, stating that Murphy and Aykroyd "couldn't have brought this one off without the contributions of three veterans - Ralph Bellamy, Don Ameche and the droll Englishman, Denholm Elliott" and calling the presence of Jamie Lee Curtis "enjoyable."[29]

Accolades

The film received several award nominations in 1984 including an Academy Award,[30] two Golden Globes,[31] and three BAFTA awards. Elliott and Curtis attracted the film's two wins, earning respectively, the BAFTA award for Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress.[32]

Award Category Recipient Result Ref.
Academy Awards Best Original Song Score or Adaptation Score Elmer Bernstein Nominated [30]
British Academy Film Awards Best Actor in a Supporting Role Denholm Elliott Won [32]
Best Actress in a Supporting Role Jamie Lee Curtis Won
Best Original Screenplay Timothy Harris and Herschel Weingrod Nominated
Golden Globe Awards Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy Trading Places Nominated [31]
Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy Eddie Murphy Nominated

Soundtrack

Trading Places
Soundtrack album by
Elmer Bernstein
ReleasedOctober 11, 2011
GenreSoundtrack
Length48:00
LabelLa-La Land Records

A score album was released by La-La Land Records on October 11, 2011 and was limited to 2000 copies.[33] The album features Elmer Bernstein's Oscar-nominated score, as well as the source material that he wrote and arranged, including traditional Christmas carols that appear in the film. A significant portion of Bernstein's music is based on Mozart's music from The Marriage of Figaro.[33] "Do Ya Wanna Funk," a hit song by Sylvester featured in the movie, was omitted from the album. The song "The Loco-Motion" by Little Eva is also heard in the train scene and is credited on the film.

Legacy

Almost 30 years after its release, the plot for the movie was part of the inspiration for new regulations on the financial markets. On March 3, 2010, Commodity Futures Trading Commission chief Gary Gensler stated, in testimony he gave to the 111th Congress: "We have recommended banning using misappropriated government information to trade in the commodity markets. In the movie Trading Places, starring Eddie Murphy, the Duke brothers intended to profit from trades in frozen concentrated orange juice futures contracts using an illicitly-obtained and not-yet-public Department of Agriculture orange crop report."[34]

The "Eddie Murphy Rule", as it came to be known, later came into effect as Section 136 of the Wall Street Transparency and Accountability Act of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, under Section 746, which dealt with insider trading.[35]

In Italy, the movie has become a Christmas Eve classic, being broadcast by Italian television every year, from December 24, 1986.[36]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Box Office Information for Trading Places. Archived 2014-09-19 at the Wayback Machine The Wrap. Retrieved April 4, 2013.
  2. ^ a b "Trading Places". Box Office Mojo. Amazon.com. Retrieved September 25, 2012.
  3. ^ Susman, Gary (July 12, 2013). "The 14 Craziest Musician Acting Cameos". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on February 7, 2017. Retrieved December 30, 2017.
  4. ^ Carlson, Daniel (May 5, 2009). "Is it Just Me, or Does Every Woman in New York Have a Severe Emotional Problem?". Pajiba.com. Retrieved July 3, 2011.
  5. ^ a b c d e Wile, Rob (June 27, 2013). "It's The 30-Year Anniversary Of The Greatest Wall Street Movie Ever Made: Here's The Story Behind It". Business Insider.
  6. ^ https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/80s-heroes-john-landis/. Retrieved February 7, 2020.
  7. ^ Ohmart, Ben. Don Ameche: The Kenosha Comeback Kid (Albany, GA; BearManor Media), 2018.
  8. ^ a b Ebert, Roger. Trading Places, Chicago Sun-Times, June 9, 1983. Accessed April 12, 2010.
  9. ^ a b Budd 2002, p. 210
  10. ^ Min 1999, p. 167
  11. ^ Childs 2006, p. 44
  12. ^ Truby 2007, p. 133
  13. ^ a b Cavell 2005, pp. 309–311
  14. ^ Monahan, Mark. Must-have movies: Trading Places (1983), The Daily Telegraph, May 20, 2005. Accessed April 13, 2010.
  15. ^ Chatman 1990, p. 8
  16. ^ Freedman, Richard. "'Trading Places' Is a Hilarious Account of a Bet That Backfires", The Vindicator, June 30, 1983. Accessed January 26, 2011.
  17. ^ Drumm, Diana (June 8, 2013). "'Trading Places': More Than 7 Things You May Not Know About The Film (But We Won't Bet A Dollar On It)". Indiewire. Retrieved December 25, 2016.
  18. ^ June 10-12, 1983 Weekend, Box Office Mojo. Accessed February 19, 2016.
  19. ^ Trading Places - Weekend (1983), Box Office Mojo. Accessed April 12, 2010.
  20. ^ 1983 Domestic Grosses, Box Office Mojo. Accessed April 12, 2010.
  21. ^ 1983 Yearly Box Office by MPAA Rating - All R Rated Releases, Box Office Mojo. Accessed April 12, 2010.
  22. ^ "DOMESTIC GROSSES BY MPAA RATING". Box Office Mojo. Amazon.com. Retrieved September 25, 2012.
  23. ^ "Trading Places (1983)". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster. Retrieved May 23, 2020.
  24. ^ "Trading Places". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on 2011-03-10. Retrieved September 25, 2012.
  25. ^ Schickel, Richard. Cinema: Down the Tubes, Up the Ladder, Time, June 13, 1983. Accessed April 12, 2010.
  26. ^ Maslin, Janet. Trading Places (1983), The New York Times, June 8, 1983. Accessed April 12, 2010.
  27. ^ Carr, Jay. "Trading Places", The Boston Globe, June 9, 1983. Accessed April 12, 2010.
  28. ^ Trading Places, Empire. Accessed April 12, 2010.
  29. ^ Trading Places, Variety. Accessed April 12, 2010.
  30. ^ a b Nominees & Winners for the 56th Academy Awards Archived 2010-04-08 at the Wayback Machine, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Accessed April 9, 2010.
  31. ^ a b The 41st Annual Golden Globe Awards (1984) Archived 2010-11-24 at the Wayback Machine, Hollywood Foreign Press Association. Accessed April 9, 2010.
  32. ^ a b Film Nominations 1983, BAFTA. Accessed April 9, 2010.
  33. ^ a b La-La Land Records Product Details Archived 2011-10-18 at the Wayback Machine
  34. ^ First The Volcker Rule, Now The Eddie Murphy Rule!, Market Beat, a part of The Wall Street Journal. Accessed September 7, 2010.
  35. ^ Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, OpenCongress. Accessed September 7, 2010.
  36. ^ "Perché a ogni vigilia di Natale c'è "Una poltrona per due" su Italia 1". La Stampa (in Italian).

References

Further reading

Wikiquote has quotations related to Trading Places.
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