Provence-class ironclad: Difference between revisions
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The ''Provence'' class was designed by [[naval architect]] [[Henri Dupuy de Lôme]] as an improved version of the {{sclass-|Gloire|ironclad|1}}s. The ships had an [[overall length]] of {{convert|80.72|m|ftin|sp=us}}, with a [[beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|17|m|ftin|sp=us}}, and a [[draft (ship)|draft]] of {{convert|7.7|-|8.8|m|ftin|sp=us}}, depending on the load. They [[Displacement (ship)|displaced]] between {{convert|5700|-|6000|t|LT|sp=us|lk=on}}. All of the ships except {{ship|French ironclad|Héroïne||2}} had wooden hulls; that ship had an iron hull.<ref name=g7>Gille, p. 30</ref> Like most ironclads of their era they were equipped with a metal-reinforced [[Naval ram|ram]]. The ''Provence''-class ships had a [[metacentric height]] of about {{convert|4.5|ft|m|1|disp=flip|sp=us}} and did not [[Ship motions|rolled]] as badly as the ''Gloire''s.<ref name=g1>Chesneau & Kolesnik, p. 287</ref> They had a crew of 579–594 officers and enlisted men.<ref name=g7/> |
The ''Provence'' class was designed by [[naval architect]] [[Henri Dupuy de Lôme]] as an improved version of the {{sclass-|Gloire|ironclad|1}}s. The ships had an [[overall length]] of {{convert|80.72|m|ftin|sp=us}}, with a [[beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|17|m|ftin|sp=us}}, and a [[draft (ship)|draft]] of {{convert|7.7|-|8.8|m|ftin|sp=us}}, depending on the load. They [[Displacement (ship)|displaced]] between {{convert|5700|-|6000|t|LT|sp=us|lk=on}}. All of the ships except {{ship|French ironclad|Héroïne||2}} had wooden hulls; that ship had an iron hull.<ref name=g7>Gille, p. 30</ref> Like most ironclads of their era they were equipped with a metal-reinforced [[Naval ram|ram]]. The ''Provence''-class ships had a [[metacentric height]] of about {{convert|4.5|ft|m|1|disp=flip|sp=us}} and did not [[Ship motions|rolled]] as badly as the ''Gloire''s.<ref name=g1>Chesneau & Kolesnik, p. 287</ref> They had a crew of 579–594 officers and enlisted men.<ref name=g7/> |
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The ships of the ''Provence'' class had a single [[Marine steam engine#Back acting|horizontal-return connecting-rod compound steam engine]] that drove a four-bladed, {{convert|6.1|m|ftin|sp=us|adj=on}} propeller,<ref name=d26>de Balincourt and Vincent-Bréchignac 1975, p. 10</ref> using steam provided by eight [[boiler (steam generator)|boiler]]s that had a maximum pressure of {{convert|1.8|kg/cm2|kPa psi|0|abbr=on|lk=on}}.<ref name=g7/> The engine was rated at 1,000 [[nominal horsepower]] or {{convert|3200|PS|lk=on|sp=us}} and intended to give the ships a speed in excess of {{convert|13|kn|lk=in}}. Available records of their [[sea trial]]s show that they achieved speeds of {{convert|13.2|-|16.5|kn}} from {{convert|2918|-|3895|PS}}<ref name=g7/> The ''Provence'' class carried |
The ships of the ''Provence'' class had a single [[Marine steam engine#Back acting|horizontal-return connecting-rod compound steam engine]] that drove a four-bladed, {{convert|6.1|m|ftin|sp=us|adj=on}} propeller,<ref name=d26>de Balincourt and Vincent-Bréchignac 1975, p. 10</ref> using steam provided by eight [[boiler (steam generator)|boiler]]s that had a maximum pressure of {{convert|1.8|kg/cm2|kPa psi|0|abbr=on|lk=on}}.<ref name=g7/> The engine was rated at 1,000 [[nominal horsepower]] or {{convert|3200|PS|lk=on|sp=us}} and intended to give the ships a speed in excess of {{convert|13|kn|lk=in}}. Available records of their [[sea trial]]s show that they achieved speeds of {{convert|13.2|-|16.5|kn}} from {{convert|2918|-|3895|PS}}<ref name=g7/> The ''Provence'' class carried between {{cvt|590|-|640|t|LT|0}} of coal<ref name=g1/> which allowed them to steam for {{convert|2410|nmi|lk=in|sp=us}} at a speed of {{convert|10|kn}}.<ref>Silverstone, p. 62</ref> They were fitted with a three-masted [[barque]] rig that had a sail area of {{convert|1960|sqm|sp=us}}.<ref name=d26/> |
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<ref name=g1/> |
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==Ships== |
==Ships== |
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 Right elevation line drawing of the design. The shaded area represents the armor protection.
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| Class overview | |
|---|---|
| Name | Provence-class |
| Operators |  French Navy |
| Preceded by | Template:Sclass- |
| Succeeded by | Template:Sclass- |
| Built | 1861–1867 |
| In commission | 1863–1893 |
| Completed | 10 |
| Scrapped | 10 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Broadside ironclad |
| Displacement | 5,700–6,000 t (5,600–5,900 long tons) |
| Length | 80.72 m (264 ft 10 in) |
| Beam | 17 m (55 ft 9 in) |
| Draft | 7.7–8.8 m (25 ft 3 in – 28 ft 10 in) |
| Installed power | |
| Propulsion | 1 shaft, 1 horizontal-return connecting rod-steam engine |
| Sail plan | Barque-rig |
| Speed | 13.2–16.5 knots (24.4–30.6 km/h; 15.2–19.0 mph) (trials) |
| Range | 2,410 nautical miles (4,460 km; 2,770 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) |
| Complement | 579–594 |
| Armament | 11 × single 194 mm (7.6 in) smoothbore muzzle-loading guns |
| Armor |
|
The Provence-class ironclads consisted of 10 ironclad frigates built for the French Navy (Marine Nationale) during the 1860s. Only one of the sister ships was built with an wrought iron hull; the others were built in wood.
Design and description
The Provence class was designed by naval architect Henri Dupuy de Lôme as an improved version of the Template:Sclass-s. The ships had an overall length of 80.72 meters (264 ft 10 in), with a beam of 17 meters (55 ft 9 in), and a draft of 7.7–8.8 meters (25 ft 3 in – 28 ft 10 in), depending on the load. They displaced between 5,700–6,000 metric tons (5,600–5,900 long tons). All of the ships except Héroïne had wooden hulls; that ship had an iron hull.[1] Like most ironclads of their era they were equipped with a metal-reinforced ram. The Provence-class ships had a metacentric height of about 1.4 meters (4.5 ft) and did not rolled as badly as the Gloires.[2] They had a crew of 579–594 officers and enlisted men.[1]
The ships of the Provence class had a single horizontal-return connecting-rod compound steam engine that drove a four-bladed, 6.1-meter (20 ft 0 in) propeller,[3] using steam provided by eight boilers that had a maximum pressure of 1.8 kg/cm2 (177 kPa; 26 psi).[1] The engine was rated at 1,000 nominal horsepower or 3,200 metric horsepower (2,400 kW) and intended to give the ships a speed in excess of 13 knots (24 km/h; 15 mph). Available records of their sea trials show that they achieved speeds of 13.2–16.5 knots (24.4–30.6 km/h; 15.2–19.0 mph) from 2,918–3,895 metric horsepower (2,146–2,865 kW)[1] The Provence class carried between 590–640 t (581–630 long tons) of coal[2] which allowed them to steam for 2,410 nautical miles (4,460 km; 2,770 mi) at a speed of 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph).[4] They were fitted with a three-masted barque rig that had a sail area of 1,960 square meters (21,100 sq ft).[3]
Ships
References
Bibliography
- de Balincourt, Captain; Vincent-Bréchignac, Captain (1975). "The French Navy of Yesterday: Ironclad Frigates: Second Group – Provence Type". F.P.D.S. Newsletter. III (2): 9–13. OCLC 41554533.
- Chesneau, Roger; Kolesnik, Eugene M., eds. (1979). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. Greenwich, UK: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-8317-0302-4.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|lastauthoramp=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - Gille, Eric (1999). Cent ans de cuirassés français. Nantes: Marines. ISBN 2-909-675-50-5.
- Konstam, Angus (2019). European Ironclads 1860–75: The Gloire Sparks the Great Ironclad Arms Race. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-47282-676-3.
- Silverstone, Paul H. (1984). Directory of the World's Capital Ships. New York: Hippocrene Books. ISBN 0-88254-979-0.
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