1822–23 United States Senate elections: Difference between revisions
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The '''United States Senate elections of 1822 and 1823''' were elections for the [[United States Senate]] that had the [[Democratic-Republican Party]] continue almost complete control of the Senate. |
The '''United States Senate elections of 1822 and 1823''' were elections for the [[United States Senate]] that had the [[Democratic-Republican Party]] continue almost complete control of the Senate. |
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16 of the 48 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 25 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The United States Senate elections of 1822 and 1823 were elections for the United States Senate that had the Democratic-Republican Party continue almost complete control of the Senate.
As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, senators were chosen by state legislatures.
Factions
At the very end of the next Congress, the 1824 United States presidential election led to a contingency election, decided by the Congress. In that election, Senators split into factions in support of William H. Crawford, Andrew Jackson, or John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay. Even though that election wasn't held until more than two years after the Senate elections in this article, those factions are noted below as "Crawford," "Jackson," or "Adams-Clay."
Results summary
Senate Party Division, 18th Congress (1823–1825)
- Majority Party: Democratic-Republican (32–33)
- Minority Parties: National Republican & Federalist (4–5)
- Total seats: 48
Change in composition
Before the elections
Composition after the January 24, 1822 Delaware special election.
| DR1 Del. Gain |
DR2 | DR3 | DR4 | ||||||
| DR14 | DR13 | DR12 | DR11 | DR10 | DR9 | DR8 | DR7 | DR6 | DR5 |
| DR15 | DR16 | DR17 | DR18 | DR19 | DR20 | DR21 | DR22 | DR23 | DR24 |
| Majority → | DR25 | ||||||||
| DR34 Ky. Ran |
DR33 Ill. Ran |
DR32 Ga. Ran |
DR31 Ala. Ran |
DR30 | DR29 | DR28 | DR27 | DR26 | |
| DR35 La. Ran |
DR36 Me. Ran |
DR37 Miss. Ran |
DR38 N.J. Ran |
DR39 N.C. Ran |
DR40 R.I. Ran |
DR41 S.C. Ran |
DR42 Tenn. Ran |
DR43 Va. Ran |
DR44 N.H. Retired |
| F1 | F2 | F3 Mass. Ran |
F4 Del. Unknown | ||||||
Result of the general elections
| DR1 | DR2 | DR3 | DR4 | ||||||
| DR14 | DR13 | DR12 | DR11 | DR10 | DR9 | DR8 | DR7 | DR6 | DR5 |
| DR15 | DR16 | DR17 | DR18 | DR19 | DR20 | DR21 | DR22 | DR23 | DR24 |
| Majority → | DR25 | ||||||||
| DR34 Ky. Re-elected |
DR33 Ill. Re-elected |
DR32 Ga. Re-elected |
DR31 Ala. Re-elected |
DR30 | DR29 | DR28 | DR27 | DR26 | |
| DR35 La. Re-elected |
DR36 Me. Re-elected |
DR37 Miss. Re-elected |
DR38 N.J. Re-elected |
DR39 R.I. Re-elected |
DR40 Va. Re-elected |
DR41 N.H. Hold |
DR42 N.C. Hold |
DR43 S.C. Hold |
DR44 Tenn. Hold |
| F1 | F2 | F3 Mass. Re-elected |
V1 Del. F Loss | ||||||
| Key: |
|
|---|
Race summaries
Bold states link to specific election articles.
Special elections during the preceding Congress
In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1822 or before March 4, 1823; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Delaware (Class 1) |
Vacant | Outerbridge Horsey (F) had resigned March 3, 1821. New senator elected January 24, 1822. Democratic-Republican gain. |
| ||
| Ohio (Class 3) |
William A. Trimble | Democratic-Republican | 1819 | Incumbent died December 13, 1821. New senator elected January 29, 1822. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Massachusetts (Class 2) |
Harrison Gray Otis | Federalist | 1816 | Incumbent resigned May 30, 1822 to run for Mayor of Boston. New senator elected June 5, 1822. Successor was also elected to the next term, see below. Federalist hold. |
|
| Alabama (Class 3) |
John W. Walker | Democratic-Republican | 1819 | Incumbent resigned December 12, 1822 due to failing health. New senator elected December 12, 1822. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Maryland (Class 1) |
William Pinkney | Democratic-Republican | 1819 (Special) 1821 |
Incumbent died February 25, 1822. New senator elected December 17, 1822. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Virginia (Class 2) |
James Pleasants | Democratic-Republican | 1819 (Special) | Incumbent resigned December 15, 1822 to become Governor of Virginia. New senator elected December 18, 1822. Successor was later re-elected to the next term, see below. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
Races leading to the next Congress
In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1823; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Alabama | William R. King | Democratic-Republican | 1819 | Incumbent re-elected December 12, 1822. |
|
| Delaware | Nicholas Van Dyke | Federalist | 1817 | Legislature failed to elect. Federalist loss. Incumbent would later be re-elected late in 1824. |
[data missing] |
| Georgia | Nicholas Ware | Democratic-Republican | 1821 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1822 or 1823. |
|
| Illinois | Jesse B. Thomas | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent re-elected in 1823. |
|
| Kentucky | Richard M. Johnson | Democratic-Republican | 1819 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1823. |
|
| Louisiana | Henry Johnson | Democratic-Republican | 1818 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1823. |
|
| Maine | John Chandler | Democratic-Republican | 1820 | Incumbent re-elected in 1823. |
|
| Massachusetts | James Lloyd | Federalist | 1808 (Special) 1808 1813 (Resigned) 1822 (Special) |
Incumbent re-elected as an Adams-Clay Federalist in 1822. Winner was also elected to finish the current term, see above. |
|
| Mississippi | Thomas Hill Williams | Democratic-Republican | 1817 | Incumbent re-elected in 1823. |
|
| New Hampshire | David L. Morril | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1823. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| New Jersey | Mahlon Dickerson | Democratic-Republican | 1817 | Incumbent re-elected in 1823. |
|
| North Carolina | Montfort Stokes | Democratic-Republican | 1816 (Special) 1816 |
Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1822. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Rhode Island | Nehemiah R. Knight | Democratic-Republican | 1821 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1823. |
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| South Carolina | William Smith | Democratic-Republican | 1810 (Special) 1816 |
Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1822. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Tennessee | John Williams | Democratic-Republican | 1815 (Special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected October 28, 1823.[4] Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Virginia | John Taylor of Caroline | Democratic-Republican | 1822 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1823. Winner was also elected to finish the current term, see above. |
|
Special elections during the next Congress
In these special elections, the winners were elected in 1823 after March 4; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| New Jersey (Class 1) |
Samuel L. Southard | Democratic-Republican | 1821 (Appointed) 1820 |
Incumbent resigned March 4, 1823 to become U.S. Secretary of the Navy. New senator elected November 12, 1823. Democratic Republican hold. |
|
Alabama
![[icon]](/enwiki/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2019) |
Alabama (Special)
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2019) |
Delaware
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2019) |
Delaware (Special)
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2019) |
Georgia
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2019) |
Illinois
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2019) |
Kentucky
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2019) |
Louisiana
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2019) |
Maine
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2019) |
Maryland (Special)
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2019) |
Massachusetts
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2019) |
Massachusetts (Special)
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2019) |
Mississippi
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2019) |
New Hampshire
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2019) |
New Jersey
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2019) |
New Jersey (Special)
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2019) |
North Carolina
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2019) |
Ohio (Special)
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2019) |
Rhode Island
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2019) |
South Carolina
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2019) |
Tennessee
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2019) |
Virginia
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2019) |
Virginia (Special)
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2019) |
See also
- 1822 United States elections
- 1822 and 1823 United States House of Representatives elections
- 17th United States Congress
- 18th United States Congress
References
- ^ "Our Campaigns - AL US Senate Race - Dec 12, 1822". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 31, 2019., citing 1822 House Journal, Dec 12.
- ^ "Virginia 1822 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
- ^ https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=3343
- ^ "Tennessee 1823 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
- Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov