Elena Guro: Difference between revisions

Elena Guro
Elena Guro
Born	January 10, 1877; Saint Petersburg
Died	May 6, 1913 (aged 36); Saint Petersburg

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Elena Genrikhovna Guro (Russian: Еле́на Ге́нриховна Гуро́, IPA: [jɪˈlʲɛnə ˈɡʲɛnrʲɪxəvnə ɡʊˈro] ^ⓘ; in marriage Matyushina (Russian: Матю́шина, IPA: [mɐˈtʲuʂɪnə] ^ⓘ; January 10, 1877 – May 6, 1913^[1]) was a Russian Futurist painter, playwright, poet, and fiction writer.

Early life

Guro was born in St. Petersburg on January 10, 1877. Her father was Genrikh Stepanovich Guro, an officer in the Imperial Russian Army of French descent. Her mother Anna Mikhailovna Chistyakova was a talented amateur artist. Guro spent her childhood in the village of Novosely near Pskov and at her father's estate in Luga. She inherited a government pension and property in Finland from her father, using both to support her artistic career. Her sister Ekaterina was also a writer.^[2]

Career

From 1890 to 1893 she studied art at the Society for the Encouragement of the Arts in St Petersburg. From 1903 to 1905 she studied in the private studio of Jan Ciągliński where she met her future husband Mikhail Matyushin (they were married in 1906).^[1] In 1905 she published her first short story, in an anthology of contemporary Russian writers.^[3] The same year, she illustrated the Russian translation of a book of fairy tales by George Sand. In 1906 she and Matyushin moved to the art school of Elizaveta Zvantseva, where Guro worked under Mstislav Dobuzhinsky, Léon Bakst and Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin.^[1] In 1908 she left the school and established her own studio. By 1908 her home was an important meeting place for discussions on art and literature.^[2]

Her first book of prose, poetry, and drama The Hurdy-Gurdy came out in 1909.^[1]^[3] In 1910 she contributed to the journal Trap for Judges, one of the first publications of the Russian Futurists. She also contributed to the second volume of Trap for Judges in 1913. Guro and her husband subsidized both issues. In 1911 Guro's manuscript of a book of fairy tales she had been planning to publish was lost by her publisher, along with the illustrations she had done for it. Her second book Autumnal Dream was published in 1912.^[1]^[2]

Guro is well-known for her fascination with the contrast between the urban world and nature, once writing about the psychology of people based in cities.^[4] Her fascination appears to have begun with the way a city looks, for example its street lights and gilded windows, but ventually, she became tired of the subject in about 1910, when the very theme was growing popular with her Cubo-Futurist colleagues. According to Matyushin, she would now stay in the countryside from Spring until Autumn.^[4]

Last days

In 1913 she continued to write and paint, even though she was suffering from leukemia. She died the same year at her country house in what was formerly Uusikirkko, Finland. At the time of her death she had nearly completed a major work The Poor Knight.^[3] Several poems and two works of prose were published posthumously, in the collection The Three and in the journal Union of Youth, in 1913. Her third book The Little Camels of the Sky was published in 1914.^[1]^[2]

Writings

Kazimir Malevich's cover for *The Three*, containing Guro's most famous poem *Finland*

The Hurdy-Gurdy (1909)
Autumnal Dream (1912)
The Poor Knight (1913)
The Little Camels of the Sky (1914)
The Three (1913) (posthumously); contains Guro's most famous poem Finland

English translations

The Little Camels of the Sky, Ardis Publishers, 1983.
Thus Life Passes, from 50 Writers: An Anthology of 20th Century Russian Short Stories, Academic Studies Press, 2011.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Dictionary of Women Artists, Volume 1. Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. 1997. pp. 623–624. ISBN 1-884964-21-4. Retrieved 2012-01-08.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Dictionary of Russian Women Writers. Greenwood Press. 1994. pp. 238–241. ISBN 0-313-26265-9. Retrieved 2012-01-08.
^ ^a ^b ^c Banjanin, Milica (Summer 1986). "Nature and the City in the Works of Elena Guro". The Slavic and East European Journal. 30, no. 2: 230 – via JSTOR.
^ ^a ^b Wünsche, Isabel (2015). The Organic School of the Russian Avant-Garde: Nature's Creative Principles. Routledge. pp. 57–8.

[Artists-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Dictionary of Women Artists, Volume 1. Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. 1997. pp. 623–624. ISBN 1-884964-21-4. Retrieved 2012-01-08.

[Dictionary-2] Dictionary of Russian Women Writers. Greenwood Press. 1994. pp. 238–241. ISBN 0-313-26265-9. Retrieved 2012-01-08.

[:0-3] Banjanin, Milica (Summer 1986). "Nature and the City in the Works of Elena Guro". The Slavic and East European Journal. 30, no. 2: 230 – via JSTOR.

[:1-4] Wünsche, Isabel (2015). The Organic School of the Russian Avant-Garde: Nature's Creative Principles. Routledge. pp. 57–8.

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@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 ==Career==
 [[File:Matushin Guro.jpeg|thumb|left|200px|Guro and Matyushin.]]
-From 1890 to 1893 she studied art at the Society for the Encouragement of the Arts in St Petersburg. From 1903 to 1905 she studied in the private studio of [[Jan Ciągliński]] where she met her future husband [[Mikhail Matyushin]] (they were married in 1906).<ref name="Artists"/>  In 1905 she published her first story, in an anthology of contemporary Russian writers.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Banjanin|first=Milica|date=Summer 1986|title=Nature and the City in the Works of Elena Guro|url=|journal=The Slavic and East European Journal|volume=30, no. 2|pages=230|via=JSTOR}}</ref> The same year, she illustrated the Russian translation of a book of fairy tales by [[George Sand]]. In 1906 she and Matyushin moved to the art school of [[Elizaveta Zvantseva]], where Guro worked under [[Mstislav Dobuzhinsky]], [[Léon Bakst]] and [[Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin]].<ref name="Artists"/>  In 1908 she left the school and established her own studio. By 1908 her home was an important meeting place for discussions on art and literature.<ref name="Dictionary"/>
+From 1890 to 1893 she studied art at the Society for the Encouragement of the Arts in St Petersburg. From 1903 to 1905 she studied in the private studio of [[Jan Ciągliński]] where she met her future husband [[Mikhail Matyushin]] (they were married in 1906).<ref name="Artists"/>  In 1905 she published her first short story, in an anthology of contemporary Russian writers.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Banjanin|first=Milica|date=Summer 1986|title=Nature and the City in the Works of Elena Guro|url=|journal=The Slavic and East European Journal|volume=30, no. 2|pages=230|via=JSTOR}}</ref> The same year, she illustrated the Russian translation of a book of fairy tales by [[George Sand]]. In 1906 she and Matyushin moved to the art school of [[Elizaveta Zvantseva]], where Guro worked under [[Mstislav Dobuzhinsky]], [[Léon Bakst]] and [[Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin]].<ref name="Artists"/>  In 1908 she left the school and established her own studio. By 1908 her home was an important meeting place for discussions on art and literature.<ref name="Dictionary"/>
 [[File:Guro olen.jpg|thumb|right|170px|''Little Deer'' by Guro, 1908/09]]
-Guro published her first prose work in 1905. Her first book of prose, poetry, and drama ''The Hurdy-Gurdy'' came out in 1909.<ref name="Artists"/><ref name=":0" /> In 1910 she contributed to the journal ''Trap for Judges,'' one of the first publications of the [[Russian Futurism|Russian Futurists]]. She also contributed to the second volume of ''Trap for Judges'' in 1913. Guro and her husband subsidized both issues. In 1911 Guro's manuscript of a book of fairy tales she had been planning to publish was lost by her publisher along with the  illustrations she had done for it. Her second book ''Autumnal Dream'' was published in 1912.<ref name="Artists"/><ref name="Dictionary"/>
+Her first book of prose, poetry, and drama ''The Hurdy-Gurdy'' came out in 1909.<ref name="Artists"/><ref name=":0" /> In 1910 she contributed to the journal ''Trap for Judges,'' one of the first publications of the [[Russian Futurism|Russian Futurists]]. She also contributed to the second volume of ''Trap for Judges'' in 1913. Guro and her husband subsidized both issues. In 1911 Guro's manuscript of a book of fairy tales she had been planning to publish was lost by her publisher, along with the illustrations she had done for it. Her second book ''Autumnal Dream'' was published in 1912.<ref name="Artists"/><ref name="Dictionary"/>
+Guro is well-known for her fascination with the contrast between the urban world and nature, once writing about the psychology of people based in cities.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Wünsche|first=Isabel|title=The Organic School of the Russian Avant-Garde: Nature's Creative Principles|publisher=Routledge|year=2015|isbn=|location=|pages=57-8}}</ref> Her fascination appears to have begun with the way a city looks, for example its street lights and gilded windows, but ventually, she became tired of the subject in about 1910, when the very theme was growing popular with her [[Cubo-Futurist]] colleagues. According to Matyushin, she would now stay in the countryside from Spring until Autumn.<ref name=":1" />
 ==Last days==

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International	ISNI VIAF FAST WorldCat
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Academics	CiNii
Artists	ULAN MusicBrainz 2 RKD Artists Museum of Modern Art
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v t e Futurism
Italian Futurists	Giacomo Balla (list of works) "Barbara" Umberto Boccioni Anton Bragaglia Benedetta Cappa Carlo Carrà Franco Casavola Nikolay Diulgheroff Luigi De Giudici F. T. Marinetti Marisa Mori Bruno Munari Aldo Palazzeschi Ugo Piatti Francesco Balilla Pratella Antonio Russolo Luigi Russolo Antonio Sant'Elia Gino Severini Ardengo Soffici
Ego-Futurists	Graal Arelsky Vasilisk Gnedov Boris Gusman Georgy Ivanov Igor Severyanin Dmitri Kryuchkov Konstantin Olimpov Rurik Ivnev Pavel Shirokov
Russian Futurists and Cubo-Futurists	Alexander Archipenko Nikolai Aseev Vladimir Baranoff-Rossine Lilya Brik Osip Brik Alexander Bogomazov Kseniya Boguslavskaya David Burliuk Vladimir Burliuk Joseph Chaikov Aleksandra Ekster Nina Genke-Meller Natalia Goncharova Elena Guro Vasily Kamensky Velimir Khlebnikov Ivan Kliun Aleksei Kruchyonykh Nikolai Kulbin Mikhail Larionov Aristarkh Lentulov El Lissitzky Benedikt Livshits Kazimir Malevich Mikhail Matyushin Vladimir Mayakovsky Boris Pasternak Victor Palmov Lyubov Popova Ivan Puni Olga Rozanova Vadim Shershenevich Nadezhda Udaltsova Ilia Zdanevich (Iliazd)
Aeropittura	Giacomo Balla "Barbara" Benedetta Cappa Giuseppe Caselli Tullio Crali Fortunato Depero Gerardo Dottori Fillìa Sante Monachesi Marisa Mori Enrico Prampolini
Other Futurists	Alice Bailly Mina Loy Almada Negreiros C. R. W. Nevinson Emilio Pettoruti Valentine de Saint-Point Jules Schmalzigaug Mykhaylo Semenko Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso Frances Simpson Stevens Mary Swanzy Růžena Zátková
Techniques, sub-genres and inventions	Anti-neutral suit Intonarumori Italian futurism in cinema Futurist architecture Futurist cooking Futurist literature Futurist music Noise music Zaum
Selected output	Abstract Speed + Sound Antigrazioso The Art of Noises BÏF§ZF+18 The City Rises Cyclist Development of a Bottle in Space Drama in the Futurists' Cabaret No. 13 Dyr bul shchyl Dynamism of a Car Dynamism of a Cyclist Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash Dynamism of a Human Body: Boxer Dynamism of a Soccer Player Dynamism of a Speeding Horse + Houses Futurist Painting: Technical Manifesto The Knifegrinder Girl Running on a Balcony The Hand of the Violinist Lacerba Man of Smoke Manifesto of Futurism Manifesto of Futurist Musicians Mercury Passing Before the Sun The Poem of the End Poesia The Street Enters the House The Street Light Thaïs Tango with Cows Unique Forms of Continuity in Space Universal War Victory over the Sun Vladimir Mayakovsky Zangezi Zang Tumb Tumb
Associated people	Luisa, Marchesa Casati Gabriele D'Annunzio Sergei Diaghilev Benito Mussolini Wyndham Lewis Léonide Massine Igor Stravinsky
Groups influenced	Agitprop Agit-train Constructivism Dadaism Donkey's Tail Grosvenor School Jack of Diamonds Neo-Primitivism Oberiu Panfuturism Precisionism Rayonism Soyuz Molodyozhi Suprematism Supremus Vorticism
See also	0,10 Exhibition 5x5=25 Cubism Divisionism Estorick Collection of Modern Italian Art Le Chahut Pointillism Primitivism Robert René Meyer-Sée Russian avant-garde Russian Ballet Sackville Gallery Ukrainian avant-garde Verbovka Village Folk Centre Zveno (art)