! Project !! City/Country !! Status !! Cost !! Notes
! Project !! City/Country !! Status !! Cost !! Notes
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|-
| [[Belgrade-Boljare Motorway]] || [[Serbia]] || {{Partial|Under Construction}} || $2,389,800,000 || Belgrade-Boljare Motorway is part of [[Belgrade-Bar motorway]] motorway,and will connect Serbian Capital Belgrade and Montenegro Port city of Bar.Serbian Section is set to cost $2,389,800,000 with first and Completed Section of Belgrade-Pozega 151.63 kilometers long costing 889.8 million euros, and because of favorable terrain it will be the cheapest section of the motorway.Second Section under Construction is Pozega-Boljare Section,and it would cost at least 1.5 billion USD,for approximately 110 km.Second Section is most expensive section of whole [[Belgrade-Boljare Motorway]],because of not favorable terrain with many tunnels and bridges.
| [[Belgrade-Boljare motorway]] || [[Serbia]] || {{Partial|Under Construction}} || $2,389,800,000 || Belgrade-Boljare Motorway is part of [[Belgrade-Bar motorway]] motorway,and will connect Serbian Capital Belgrade and Montenegro Port city of Bar.Serbian Section is set to cost $2,389,800,000 with first and Completed Section of Belgrade-Pozega 151.63 kilometers long costing 889.8 million euros, and because of favorable terrain it will be the cheapest section of the motorway.Second Section under Construction is Pozega-Boljare Section,and it would cost at least 1.5 billion USD,for approximately 110 km.Second Section is most expensive section of whole [[Belgrade-Boljare motorway]],because of not favorable terrain with many tunnels and bridges.
This list (which may have dates, numbers, etc.) may be better in a sortable table format. Please help improve this list or discuss it on the talk page.(December 2015)
Projects that cost more than US$1 billion and attract a large amount of public attention because of substantial impacts on communities, environment, and budgets.
Projects can also be "initiatives that are physical, very expensive, and public".[1]
Megaprojects require care in the project development process to reduce any possible optimism bias and strategic misrepresentation. Examples of megaprojects include bridges, tunnels, highways, railways, airports, seaports, power plants, dams, wastewater projects, Special Economic Zones (SEZ), oil and natural gas extraction projects, public buildings, information technology systems, aerospace projects, and weapons systems.
This list identifies a wide variety of examples of major historic and contemporary projects that meet one or both megaproject criteria identified above.
Boeing B-52 Stratofortress, with six decades of service as a strategic nuclear bomber, it is one of the largest military aircraft ever built. Every other bomber produced in the US after the B-52 have been megaprojects; however, it has not been replaced nor will it be in the foreseeable future.
Boeing 2707 and LockheedL-2000supersonic aircraft projects, initiated in 1963 via a US government-funded competition to build the United States' first Supersonic Transport (SST), prototypes never built, ultimately canceled due to political, environmental and economic reasons in 1971.
Boeing 787, made in the United States with local and globally sourced parts, is the first major aircraft to be made largely out of composite materials[4]
Concorde, a supersonic passenger airliner, a product of an Anglo-French government treaty that combined the manufacturing efforts of Aérospatiale and the British Aircraft Corporation, first flown in 1969, Concorde entered service in 1976 and continued commercial flights for twenty-seven years.
Convair B-58 Hustler, an all-weather, high altitude supersonic bomber with a fixed delta wing and 4 engines. The Hustler was operational from 1960 to 1970 in the US Air Force's Strategic Air Command for the deployment of up to 5 gravity nuclear weapons.
Lockheed C-5 Galaxy was the largest and heaviest aircraft of any kind for over a decade (1970 to 1982). This military cargo plane has the dubious distinction of being the first development program with a billion dollar cost overrun.[5][6]
Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit, also known as the Stealth Bomber, a US heavy bomber with "low observable" stealth. Total program cost including development, engineering, and testing averaged $2.1 billion per aircraft in 1997.[7]
Rockwell B-1 Lancer, a supersonic bomber with a variable-sweep wing built in the 1980s as a strategic bomber. It has since acquired conventional and multi-role capabilities.
Tupolev Tu-144, the first supersonic transport aircraft, made by the Russian aircraft company Tupolev, first flown on 31 December 1968 and entered service on 26 December 1975.
Tupolev Tu-160, the world's largest and heaviest combat aircraft, the world's largest supersonic aircraft, and the largest variable-sweep aircraft ever built. (The North American XB-70 Valkyrie had a higher empty weight and maximum speed but never entered production.)
While most megaprojects are planned and undertaken with careful forethought, some are undertaken out of necessity after a natural disaster occurs. There have also been a few man-made disasters.
Many hurricanes and typhoons have caused extensive damage and required large cleanup efforts, the largest of which included projects that targeted the damaged infrastructure. The list of costliest Atlantic hurricanes covers the ones in the Atlantic region, including Hurricane Katrina from 2005.
The Panamanian Natural Gas electric power plant, is a project with an investment of 1.15 billion US dollars located in Colon province. It is also meant as a port for supplying Natural Gas to other Central American countries.[13]
Three Gorges Dam, the largest hydro-electric facility in the world.
Virgil C. Summer Nuclear Generating Station, was a project to construct some of the first new nuclear units in the United States in over 30 years, at an existing nuclear power plant in Jenkinsville, South Carolina. The project was cancelled and all work stopped in July 2017.[14]
Vogtle Electric Generating Plant, is a project to construct two new nuclear units at an existing nuclear power plant in Waynesboro, Georgia.
Giant Magellan Telescope, a large ground-based optical and near infrared telescope (under construction)
Human Genome Project, investigation to determine human genetic sequence (1990–2003) – cost $14.5bn, but generated an output of $965bn, personal income exceeding $293bn and more than 4.3 million job-years of employment.[24]
Ocean Networks Canada cabled Observatories. Largest underwater observatories, providing 24/7 access to hundreds of instruments in the Pacific Ocean and the Salish Sea (2005–)
Cassini–Huygens, a joint NASA/ESA/ASI spacecraft mission studying the planet Saturn and its many natural satellites since 2004. The total cost of this project is about $3.26 billion.[29]
Chang'e 1 to Chang'e 6, a series of lunar exploration spacecrafts sent by People's Republic of China for their lunar exploration program, equipped with landers, orbiters and rover. It will for the first time in history explore the 'dark-side' of the Moon.
Lunokhod ("Moonwalker"), was a series of Soviet robotic lunar rovers designed to land on the Moon between 1969 and 1977. Lunokhod 1 was the first roving remote-controlled robot to land on another world.
Mangalyaan, a Mars mission from ISRO of India. It is the first nation to reach Mars orbit on its first attempt, and the first Asian nation to do so (since 2014).
Mars program was a series of unmanned spacecraft launched by the Soviet Union between 1960 and 1973. The spacecraft were intended to explore Mars, and included flyby probes, landers and orbiters.
Venera (Venus) series space probes were developed by the Soviet Union between 1961 and 1984 to gather data from Venus. Venera 7 became the first spacecraft to land on Venus and first to transmit data from there back to Earth.
Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, a $2 billion particle physics experiment module that is mounted on the International Space Station since 2011[39]
Apollo program (1960–1975), as a centerpiece of the US Space Program, culminated in manned exploratory missions to the Moon, $203.4 billion in 2015 dollars[40]
Ariane, a family of European launch vehicles; the most recent development is Ariane 6
Baikonur Cosmodrome is the world's first and largest operational space launch facility. It was originally built by the Soviet Union in the late 1950s as the base of operations for the Soviet space program.
Buran program, canceled Soviet version of the Space Shuttle (1980–1993)
Constellation program, canceled planned moon landing spacecraft and space shuttle replacement, part lives on as future Crew Escape Vehicle for ISS (2005–2010)
Space Launch System, an American Space Shuttle-derived heavy expendable launch vehicle (2011– )
Space Shuttle program (1972–2011), low Earth orbiters designed as manned cargo vessels that could be reused after each spaceflight and landed like a glider, $203.6 billion in 2015 dollars[41]
Vostochny Cosmodrome ("Eastern Spaceport") is a Russian spaceport on the 51st parallel north in the Amur Oblast, in the Russian Far East.
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2020)
Every Olympic Games and FIFA World Cup in the latter part of the twentieth century and entering into the 21st century has cost more than $1 billion in arenas, hotels etc., usually several billions.
Olympic Games
See Cost of the Olympic Games—Note: Some values here are not shown on the other list due to research, which needs verification. The costs listed here were converted to US Dollars at the time of the games.
Construction of this new arena is scheduled to occur sometime in 2019 and completion is expected sometime in 2021. This new multi-use arena is being designed to handle 18,000 seats to host New York Islanders home games.[50] This new arena will also include other multi-use functions.
Ground transportation systems like roads, tunnels, bridges, terminals, railways, and mass transit systems are often megaprojects. Numerous large airports and terminals used for airborne passenger and cargo transportation are built as megaprojects.
The fourth mainland bridge will join three other bridges connecting the Island of Lagos to the mainland. The 38 km bridge and expressway will become the longest bridge and expressway in the world when completed.[54]
The Lagos–Calabar Railway is a planned standard gauge railway that will run from Lagos through to Calabar. The first phase of the project (Calabar-Port Harcourt) is expected to be completed by 2018. The total length of the rail will be 1,402 kilometres.[55][needs update]
The Lagos–Kano Standard Gauge Railway is a standard gauge railway across Nigeria, from the port of Lagos to Kano, near the Niger border. The railway will run parallel to the British-built Cape gauge line, which has a lower design capacity and is in a deteriorated condition. The Abuja-Kaduna route is completed and operational, whilst the Lagos-Ibadan route is underconstruction, and several other routes are underdevelopment. The total length of the rail will be 2,733 kilometres.[56]
The Lagos Rail Mass Transit is an urban rail system being developed and under construction in Lagos. The system is envisioned to consist eventually of seven lines.[57] The railway equipment including electric power, signalling, rolling stock, and fare collection equipment will be provided by the private sector under a Concession Contract, while LAMATA is responsible for policy direction, regulation, and infrastructure for the network. The first section of the network, Phase I of the Blue Line, was originally planned to be completed in 2011. After many delays caused by funding shortfalls, the opening date was revised to 2022.[58]
The Third Mainland Bridge is currently the longest of three bridges connecting the island of Lagos to the mainland. It was completed in 1990 and became the longest bridge in Africa. The bridge was built by Julius Berger Nigeria PLC and it measures about 11.8 km in length.
The project aims to connect Gwadar Port in southwestern Pakistan (Central Asia/South Asia) to China's northwestern (East Asia) autonomous region of Xinjiang, via a network of highways, railways and pipelines to transport oil and gas.[59] The economic corridor is considered central to China–Pakistan relations and will run about 3,000 km from Gwadar to Kashgar. Other than transport infrastructure, the economic corridor will provide Pakistan with telecommunications and energy infrastructure. The project also aims to improve intelligence sharing between the countries.
Construction of Phase 1 began in November 1992.[60] Phase 1 of the project opened 22 March 2001, after 8 years of construction and 6 additional months of testing of the systems as well as the runways.
Construction of Phase 3 began in September 2013 and has been split into 2 phases itself.[60] Phase 3 was completed in 2016 ahead of the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang.
Construction of Phase 4 begins 2019 with the expansion of Terminal 2 and construction of an additional runway, which is expected to be completed by 2025.
To respond to the rising public transport need and mitigate escalating vehicular traffic. Partially opened in 2017[62] and phase 1 is Operational from November 2019.[63][64]
One of the world's largest infrastructure projects with an estimated investment of US$90 billion and is planned as a high-tech industrial zone spread across six states,[66] as well as Delhi, the national capital and itself a Union Territory.[67] The investments will be spread across the 1,500 km long Western Dedicated Freight Corridor which will serve as the industrial corridor's transportation backbone.[68]
Mumbai–Ahmedabad High Speed Rail Corridor is an under construction high-speed rail line connecting the cities of Ahmedabad, Gujarat, and India's economic hub Mumbai. When completed, it will be India's first high-speed rail line.[69]
Char Dham Expressway National Highway (Hindi: चार धाम महामार्ग), is an under construction two-lane (in each direction) express National Highway with a minimum width of 10 metres in the state of Uttarakhand. The proposed highway will complement the under development Char Dham Railway by connecting the four holy places in Uttarakhand states includes Badrinath, Kedarnath, Champawat, Pithoragarh, Gangotri and Yamunotri The project includes 900 km national highways will connect whole of Uttarakhand state.
The Sagarmala Programme is an initiative by the government of India to enhance the performance of the country's logistics sector. The programme envisages unlocking the potential of waterways and the coastline to minimize infrastructural investments required to meet these targets.[71][72]
It is a planned city in the state of Andhra Pradesh and will serve as the capital for the state after completion. It is being built on a 217 km2 riverfront designed to have 51% of green spaces and 10% of water bodies.
Currently, India is the only country that is officially pursuing the hyperloop technology for Pune-Mumbai corridor.[73]
Also,with this India several other plan such as Hyperloop Transportation Technologies are in process to sign a Letter of Intent with the Indian Government for a proposed route between Chennai and Bengaluru. If things go as planned, the distance of 345 km could be covered in 30 minutes.[74] HTT also signed an agreement with Andhra Pradesh government to build India's first Hyperloop project connecting Amaravathi to Vijayawada in a 6-minute ride . Also,Indore-based Dinclix GroundWorks' DGWHyperloop advocates a Hyperloop corridor between Mumbai and Delhi, via Indore, Kota, and Jaipur.[75]
According to the Ravi Riverfront Urban Development Project, a modern city will be developed on the banks of the Ravi river, consisting of green belts, piers and boardwalks, along with 1.4 million residential units. The idea was based on the developments lining River Thames in London, England. It Development of a 33-km concrete channel on Ravi River
This new city project in Punjab aims to establish a green city along the banks of River Ravi. The new city project in Punjab will be divided into 14 zones, comprising 1.4 million residential units and a 70% area would be reserved just for trees. New roads, piers and bridges covering 100 km will also be constructed. More than 25,000 acres of land of the riverfront development would be bought by various investors for different businesses
The new city project in Punjab will attract foreign tourists as the establishment of an international airport is also in the master plan. Close proximity to the airport will be a major lure for foreign tourists visiting the city
It will be a skyscraper City at an area of 100000 acres.
Crescent Bay is a 108-acre (440,000 m2) under-construction upscale mixed-use oceanfront development in Defence, Karachi, Pakistan. It is considered as one of the biggest projects in Pakistan.
The development feature's a series of high and mid-rise towers for residential and commercial use, a shopping centre, a five-star beachfront hotel and a tower located in the heart of the project. The development includes approximately 4,000 residential apartments.
Pakistan and China announced their intention to develop the $46 billion China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), which in turn forms part of China's ambitious One Belt, One Road. Gwadar features heavily in CPEC, and is also envisaged to be the link between the One Belt, One Road and Maritime Silk Road project. $1.153 billion worth of infrastructure projects will be invested into the city as part of CPEC, with the aim of linking northern Pakistan and western China to the deep water seaport. The city will also be the site of a floating liquefied natural gas facility that will be built as part of the larger $2.5 billion. In addition to investments directly under the aegis of CPEC in Gwadar city, the China Overseas Port Holding Company began construction on the $2 billion Gwadar Special Economic Zone, which is being modelled on the lines of the Special Economic Zones of China.
It will a well-planned Smart and Modern City with multi-billion dollars projects by public and private sector.
Karachi–Lahore Motorway
Multiple Provinces
Completed
$6,600,000,000
The Karachi–Lahore Motorway (KLM) is a 1,694-kilometre-long (1,053 mi) under construction six-lane, high-speed, limited-access motorway that will connect Karachi and Peshawar through Islamabad, Lahore, Multan and Sukkur
KLM is divided into seven sections: Karachi-Hyderabad (M-9, 136 km); Hyderabad-Sukkur (M-6, 296 km); Sukkur-Multan (M-5, 387 km); Multan-Abdul Hakeem (M-4, 103 km); Abdul Hakeem-Lahore (M-3, 230 km); Lahore-Islamabad (M2, 376 km); and Islamabad-Peshawar (M1, 166 km).
Revival of the Karachi Circular Railway which became operational in 1969. It discontinued in 1999 as a result of mismanagement. In 2012, the governments on Pakistan and Sindh agreed to revive the railway to meet the needs of Karachi citizens. The project includes 23 stations, 3 lines and a total of over 50 kilometers of track. The government of Pakistan will have a 60% share in the project, Sindh will have a 25% share and Karachi will have a 15% share. Once completed, it will once again be Pakistan's largest local train.
A new rapid transit system in Karachi. Includes Green Line, Orange Line, Red Line, Blue Line, and Yellow Line. The length is about 115 kilometers and will become the largest metro bus system in Pakistan. The Green and Orange lines are under construction while the other ones are proposed for construction.
A 40.3 km three lane Expressway with controlled access along the Malir River in Karachi. It starts at the Qayumanbad Bridge and ends at the Karachi-Hyderabad Motorway (M-9). The project would cost around Rs40 billion. Construction is ordered to start in mid-2019.
Bahria Town Karachi is a privately-owned gated suburb constructed near Karachi, Pakistan. Developed by the Bahria Town Group, and occupies under 46,000 acres just off the Super Highway northeast of Karachi.
The community will include the Grand Jamia Mosque, which will be the world's third largest, and the Rafi Cricket Stadium, the country's largest, designed by GMW Architect. The community is divided by the 400-foot-wide (120 m), 18-lane, Jinnah Avenue which will be having Skyscrapers alongside. The community will be energy independent with a coal-fired and an LNG-powered electricity generation plant, in partnership with K-Electric.It is also home to a 36-hole United States Golf Association standard golf course. Hyatt Regency Karachi will be the flagship project of Hyaatt expected to open in 2023.
The community is planned to house house around one million people.
A New Gwardar International Airport is being built and will be biggest when completed in 2022. Occupying 4,300 acres (17 km²) of land, it is located in Gurandani, 26km north-east of the existing airport in Gwadar City on Arabian Sea coast of Balochistan region expected to cost $246 million.
Karachi–Peshawar Railway Line ML-1
Multiple Provinces in Pakistan
Under Development
$7,000,000,000
Karachi–Peshawar Railway Line (also referred to as Main Line 1 or ML-1) is one of four main railway lines in Pakistan, operated and maintained by Pakistan Railways. The total length of this railway line is 1,687 kilometers (1,048 mi). There are 184 railway stations from Kiamari to Peshawar Cantonment on this line. The line serves as the main passenger and freight line of the country. 75% of the country's cargo and passenger traffic uses the line. The line is currently undergoing a six-year ₨886.68 billion (US$7.4 billion) upgrade and renovation as part of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor, with average rail speeds expected be doubled to 160 kilometers per hour upon completion.
Orange Line is an automated rapid transit system in Lahore, Punjab, PakistAN .When open in 2020, the line will be Pakistan's first metro in the entire country since the Karachi Metro that was started in 1969. Orange line is the first of the three proposed rail lines proposed for the Lahore Metro. The line will span 27.1 km (16.8 mi) with 25.4 km (15.8 mi) elevated and 1.72 km (1.1 mi) underground. The line will be served by 26 stations and is expected to handle 250,000 passenger daily.
style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center; " class="table-partial"| Under Construction
$14,000,000,000
Diamer-Bhasha Dam is a concreted-filled gravity dam, in the preliminary stages of construction, on the River Indus between Kohistan district in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Diamer district in Gilgit Baltistan. The dam site is situated near a place called "Bhasha", hence the name which is 40Km downstream of Chilas town and 315Km from Tarbela Dam. The eight million acre feet (MAF) reservoir with 272-metre height will be the tallest roller compact concrete (RCC) dam in the world.
Upon completion, Diamer-Bhasha dam would produce (i) 4800 megawatts of electricity through hydro-power generation; (ii) store an extra 10.5 cubic kilometres (8,500,000 acre⋅ft) of water for Pakistan that would be used for irrigation and drinking; (iii) extend the life of Tarbela Dam located downstream by 35 years; and (iv) control flood damage by the River Indus downstream during high floods.It will Complete in 2028 at a cost of 14 Billion USD.
Currently consists of one line (North-South Line) and divided into two phases. Phase 1 was opened in March 2019, extensions of this line under Phase 2 shall open by 2024, and a second line (East-West) is expected by 2026.
One line operational as of 2020. It is expected to have a total of eight lines with a total length of 142 km (88 mi), and to open from 2021 onward.[77][78][79][80][81][82]
This first phase of the project has begun construction in 2019 and is being split into 3 sub-phases. Sub-Phase 1A will see the construction of one terminal and one runway ($5.6 Billion allocated to this sub-phase) to be completed by 2023. Sub-Phase 1B will be the construction of a 2nd runway starting in 2023 and be completed in 2025. Sub-Phase 1C will be the construction of the remaining facilities and land-clearance for future phase to begin and finish in 2025.
This phase will begin in 2025 after Phase 1 is completed and the airport opens that same year. Phase 2 will see the construction of a 3rd runway and expansion of the 1st Terminal or construction of a 2nd Terminal to increase passenger capacity to 50 million passengers. Phase 2 is expected to be completed by 2035.
This phase will begin in 2035 after Phase 2 is completed and the airport opens that same year. Phase 3 will see the construction of a 4th runway with the possibility of another terminal or additional concourses to increase passenger capacity up to 100 million passengers. Phase 3 is expected to be completed sometime after 2035.
The project will consist of four new light rail lines and three new metro lines: the light rail lines will cost around a combined ILS 37.5 billion ILS & the Tel Aviv Metro is planned to cost around 45 billion ILS.
Spread across 78 major projects, the Expressway Programme in one of the world's largest road infrastructure projects that will deliver more than 800 kilometres of new or upgraded roads and more than 200 interchanges for the rapidly developing State of Qatar.
Driven by Qatar National Vision 2030 and catering to the 2022 FIFA World Cup, the Public Works Authority, Ashghal, is working to create an infrastructure backbone designed to improve highway capacity, connectivity, and safety to meet current and future economic and social growth.[89]
The Danube-Morava-Vardar-Aegean Canal is in planning for a very long time, significant progress has been made in 2013 and 2014, with China having interests in building a cannal, project would cost around $15,000,000,000.Serbia is most interested country in building this project, which would make Great Morava and South Morava pass-able for boats from Thessaloniki. There would be many HydroPower plants, and 9 ports in Jagodina, Stalać, Kruševac, Kraljevo, Niš, Leskovac, Vranje,Kumanovo and Skopje. It would connect new rivers into three main rivers, and make Morava and Vardar navigable rivers, and clean them for passage of boats. It was main theme in Thessaloniki summit in January 2020, when all three leaders met.[93]
Budapest–Belgrade railway is a railway project under construction,at end,people could go from Budapest to Belgrade,and vice versa 200km\h by fast railway.Currently,only Serbia is building Belgrade-Novi Sad Line,which would be completed by October 2021.By 2023,whole Belgrade-Subotica line would be finished,Hungary is set to complete Budapest-Serbian Border by 2023.Project on both sided would cost around $5,000,000,000,with $3,000,000,000 in Serbian side,and $2,000,000,000 on Hungarian one.The Budapest–Belgrade railway is also a part, and first stage, of the planned Budapest–Belgrade–Skopje–Athens railway international connection in Central and Southeast Europe, a Chinese-CEE "hallmark" project of Beijing's Belt and Road initiative, connecting the China-run Piraeus port in Greece with the "heart" of Europe.Expansion of this project to Nis is under Planing,which would add new $800,000,000 into this project,and new 120-160km\h Railway in Nis-Presevo and Nis-Dimitrovgrad both costing around $200,000,000,and are set to start construction by 2021 and end it by end of 2021 or 2022.It would be build by Russian and Chinese companies.
Belgrade Metro is a project in planing for over a centiry,but recently,new progress has been made in planing,and construction is set to start by end of 2021.It would have 43 stations and 2 lines,and would cost around $5,000,000,000.Line 1:Route:Železnik ↔ Mirijevo,Length:21.3 km (13.2 mi),23 staions.Line 2:Route:Zemun railway station ↔ Mirijevo,Length:19.2 km (11.9 mi),20 stations.It would be build by French and many other companies.
Belgrade-Boljare Motorway is part of Belgrade-Bar motorway motorway,and will connect Serbian Capital Belgrade and Montenegro Port city of Bar.Serbian Section is set to cost $2,389,800,000 with first and Completed Section of Belgrade-Pozega 151.63 kilometers long costing 889.8 million euros, and because of favorable terrain it will be the cheapest section of the motorway.Second Section under Construction is Pozega-Boljare Section,and it would cost at least 1.5 billion USD,for approximately 110 km.Second Section is most expensive section of whole Belgrade-Boljare motorway,because of not favorable terrain with many tunnels and bridges.
Belgrade Waterfront is an urban renewal development project headed by the Government of Serbia aimed at improving Belgrade's cityscape and economy by revitalizing the Sava amphitheater, a neglected stretch of land on the right bank of the Sava river, between the Belgrade Fair and Branko's bridge. It was started in 2014 with the reconstruction of the Belgrade Cooperative building, which was finished in June of the same year. It is the second largest mixed use complex under construction in Europe, just after Minsk Mir (Minsk World) worth 3.5 billion dollars. 6.000 apartments, seven hotels including W Hotel and St Regis, 2000 offices, the largest shopping mall in South East Europe and public buildings are planned for the area.Its building new skyscrapers,apartments,Buildings,Jobs,...
The longest city tunnel in Europe at 5.5 km. The three continuous tunnels improve traffic in the northern part of Prague as well as reducing the load on the main transit route through the city center.
Line 2 and Line 3 of Athens Metro were constructed between 1992 and 2000 (Line 1 began operation in 1869).[96] The construction of lines 2 and 3 (including their ongoing extensions) cost €4.30 billion.[97]Line 4 is set to begin construction in 2019 with a budget of €1.45 billion.[98]
Proposed in 2017 at a cost of €10 billion,[100] the Egnatia Railway will be Europe's largest railway megaproject.[101] The original stated start date was March 2019.[100]
The purpose of the project is to create a 35-station underground rapid transit system in Greece's second-largest city. Currently phases 1 and 2 (18 stations) are under construction and will be operational by late 2020 at a price tag of €2.26 billion.[103]
Construction began in 1997, and a total of 106 kilometres (66 mi) of high-speed railways running between the towns of Tithorea and Domokos were built as a bypass to the existing conventional mountainous railway line linking Thessaloniki in the north with Athens in the south, including 35.5 kilometres (22.1 mi) of tunnels and 6.8 kilometres (4.2 mi) of bridges.[105] The project had a budget of over €1.8 billion.[102] The bypass was opened in January 2019.[106]
Budapest–Belgrade railway is a railway project under construction, at end, people could go from Budapest to Belgrade, and vice versa 200km\h by fast railway. Hungary is set to complete Budapest-Serbian Border by 2023. Project on both sides would cost around $5,000,000,000 with $2,000,000,000 on Hungarian side. The Budapest–Belgrade railway is also a part, and the first stage, of the planned Budapest–Belgrade–Skopje–Athens Railway international connection in Central and Southeast Europe, a Chinese-CEE "hallmark" project of Beijing's Belt and Road initiative, connecting the China-run Piraeus port in Greece with the "heart" of Europe. The expansion of this project to Nis is under Planing, which would add new $800,000,000 into this project, and a new 120-160km\h Railway in Nis-Presevo and Nis-Dimitrovgrad both costing around $200,000,000, and are set to start construction by 2021 and end it by end of 2021 or 2022. It would be built by Russian and Chinese companies.
Construction began on 11 May 2015; The length of the route of the highway is 40.871 km, and national road standards of Montenegro are adopted, with reference to the European specifications as well. These construction standards will be applied for the two-way four-lane highway, with the speed of 100 km/h according to the design, and the construction period of 4 years. The highway stretches from south to the north across the mountains. In technical terms it is very demanding, and the construction is very challenging. Bridges and tunnels make up to about 60% of the entire route. In recent years, it is the largest infrastructure project in Montenegro, and the implementation of the project is very challenging.
The purpose of the project is to replace all the ferry links along the route with fixed connections in order to reduce travel time from 21 hours to 11 hours. The first part, Rogfast is since 2018 under construction at a cost of $1.9 bn, but the rest is controversial and not decided. $40 bn has also been mentioned as a cost and some guess even $50 bn. Some of the fjords are too deep for pillars or undersea tunnels and too wide for suspension bridges, so floating bridges in untested sizes are suggested.
The project involves the construction of the largest airport in Poland and one of the largest in Europe, Solidarity Airport (initially able to handle 45 million passengers a year, with the possibility of extension up to 100 millions), along with highway and high-speed rail infrastructure connecting major Polish citities and the airport. Phase 1 scheduled to open in 2027.[107]
Construction began in February 1995; the bridge was opened to traffic on 29 March 1998, just in time for Expo 98, the World's Fair that celebrated the 500th anniversary of the discovery by Vasco da Gama of the sea route from Europe to India.
It is the longest bridge in Europe (including viaducts), with a total length of 12.3 kilometres (7.6 mi), including 0.8 kilometres (0.50 mi) for the main bridge and 11.5 kilometres (7.1 mi) in viaducts. The Bridge is served by 4.8 kilometres (3.0 mi) of dedicated access roads. It was built to alleviate the congestion on Lisbon's 25 de Abril Bridge, and eliminate the need for traffic between the country's northern and southern regions to pass through the capital city.
Budapest–Belgrade railway is a railway project under construction, at end, people could go from Budapest to Belgrade, and vice versa 200km\h by fast railway. Currently, only Serbia is building Belgrade-Novi Sad Line, which would be completed by October 2021. By 2023, the whole Belgrade-Subotica line would be finished. Projects on both sides would cost around $5,000,000,000. The Budapest–Belgrade railway is also a part, and the first stage, of the planned Budapest–Belgrade–Skopje–Athens Railway international connection in Central and Southeast Europe, a Chinese-CEE "hallmark" project of Beijing's Belt and Road initiative, connecting the China-run Piraeus port in Greece with the "heart" of Europe. The expansion of this project to Nis is under Planing, which would add new $800,000,000 into this project, and a new 120-160km\h Railway in Nis-Presevo and Nis-Dimitrovgrad both costing around $200,000,000, and are set to start construction by 2021 and end it by end of 2021 or 2022. It would be built by Russian and Chinese companies.
Belgrade Metro is a project in planning for over a century,but recently,new progress has been made in planing,and construction is set to start by end of 2021.It would have 43 stations and 2 lines,and would cost around $5,000,000,000.Line 1:Route:Železnik ↔ Mirijevo,Length:21.3 km (13.2 mi),23 staions.Line 2:Route:Zemun railway station ↔ Mirijevo,Length:19.2 km (11.9 mi),20 stations.It would be build by French and many other companies.
Belgrade Waterfront is an urban renewal development project headed by the Government of Serbia aimed at improving Belgrade's cityscape and economy by revitalizing the Sava amphitheater, a neglected stretch of land on the right bank of the Sava river, between the Belgrade Fair and Branko's bridge. It was started in 2014 with the reconstruction of the Belgrade Cooperative building, which was finished in June of the same year. It is the second-largest mixed-use complex under construction in Europe, just after Minsk Mir (Minsk World) worth 3.5 billion dollars. 6.000 apartments, seven hotels including W Hotel and St Regis, 2000 offices, the largest shopping mall in southeast Europe and public buildings are planned for the area. Its building new skyscrapers, apartments, Buildings, Jobs,...
"...extend from Lott Creek Boulevard on Glenmore Trail/Highway 8 south to Macleod Trail (Highway 2A) and is approximately 21 kilometres long."[108] Set for Completion in Fall 2022.
Construction completed 2019 with the full opening of the Samuel-de-Champlain Bridge by July 2019. Shortly after the opening, the old Champlain Bridge will start to be demolished at a cost of about $400,000,000 and take 4 years to complete.
The widest bridge in the world (until the Bay Bridge's east span recently opened), the bridge east of Vancouver, B.C., which opened in 2012, remains the second-longest bridge in North America. The cable-stay bridge uses an impressive 288 cables to reach a total bridge length of 6,866 feet.
Construction in 2008 and was completed in 2012. Upon this projects completion, President Felipe Calderón received a Guinness record certifying that the Baluarte Bicentennial Bridge is the highest suspension bridge in western Mexico.
After taking office, President Andrés Manuel López Obrador, cancelled this mega-project at Texcoco in favor of a "metropolitan airport system," which keeps the Benito Juárez International Airport (with 2 Runways) from being decommissioned and adds the now under construction Felipe Ángeles Airport (with 3 Runways) as well as Toluca International Airport (with 2 Runways).
Being built at the Santa Lucía Air Force Base north of Mexico City and named after Mexican General Felipe Ángeles Ramírez
Boston's highway system before and after the Central Artery/Tunnel ProjectThe completed replacement and the old eastern span of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge (2013)The Evergreen Point Floating Bridge viewed from the east end in Medina shortly after opening in April 2016
The project was first proposed in 2004. Construction started in 2018 and is expected to be completed in 2024. The Windsor-Detroit crossing is the busiest crossing between the US and Canada and is currently handled by the Ambassador Bridge, the Windsor-Detroit Tunnel and the Michigan Central Railway Tunnel. The Gordie Howe Bridge will add needed capacity to these crossings.
Construction began in 2001 with an initial cost of $6.6 billion, however, over the last few years, additions to the Modernization Plan brought on by the Chicago City Council's approval on new leases to American and United has increased to the cost by $2.2 billion, which will include a new terminal where Terminal 2 now, sits as well as two more remote concourses. The completion of the O'Hare Modernization is expected to occur sometime in 2026.
The freight rail company Norfolk Southern will utilize special intermodal trains on its freight rail network running from New York to Louisiana. This project covers 2,500 miles and thirteen states, and is expected to be fully developed by 2020."[111]
An 808 mile high-speed rail system is expected to be Completed in phases up to 2030. Currently some of the funding is being held up in Congress by lack of agreement between Democrats and Republicans.
The proposed full line would be 8.5 miles (13.7 km) long with 16 stations and a projected ridership of 560,000 people. Phase 1 of the project, which runs from 96th Street to 57th Street and 7th Avenue, opened 1 January 2017. Other phases of the project are either under development or are under construction.
A redevelopment plan to build a new Terminal A to replace the existing, which opened in 1973. The new terminal will be called Terminal One. It will include a new parking garage, 33 gates, and a walkway to connect the Airtrain station, parking garage, and terminal. It is expected to be completed by 2022.
Plan to rebuild passenger facilities and approaches to JFK Airport. Two new international terminals would be added. If approved, construction is expected to begin in 2020.
The Eastern span replacement of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge began in 2002 and was Completed in 2013. Currently the Old East Span is being deconstructed and removed for recycling while the foundations are being demolished with explosives or converted for other uses.
The airport began a multiphase renovation project in June 2016, which will see Terminal 1 be transformed into a world-class, environment-friendly passenger facility when Completed in 2024.
South-End Viaduct replacement started in 2008 and was completed in 2014. The SR 99 Tunnel started work in 2011, and is set for completion in 2021. Mitigation Projects started work in 2008, and are set for completion in 2019. Other miscellaneous projects started in 2007 and are set for completion in 2023.
This project has been in planning phases since 1990, and includes the completion of SR 167 between Puyallup and Tacoma, as well as completion of SR 509 from I-5 to Burien.
This 7,710-foot-long floating bridge is the longest of its type in the world. The new SR 520 bridge replaced the previous record-holder, the original Evergreen Point Floating Bridge across Lake Washington, connecting Seattle to points east. The new structure, rising 20 feet above the water, opened to traffic in spring 2016.
Phase 1 on the project was planned to link the Capital to Dulles International Airport and to four edge cities: Tysons, Reston, Herndon, and Ashburn. This phase completed and was opened to the general public on 26 July 2014. Phase 2 is set to help with urban development of Tysons and reduce overall reliance on highway traffic in the business district, Virginia's largest and 12th-largest in the country. This project is set to be completed by 2020.
To be completed in 2024. The crossing will be a tunnel under the river, and the first rail-only Brisbane River crossing since the completion of the Merivale Bridge in 1978.[113]
To be completed late 2025. The line will run from South Kensington, underground via North Melbourne, Parkville, CBD, Domain and South Yarra. It will include a tunnel under the Yarra River.
To be completed in 2050. The line will run from Cheltenham to Werribee in an orbital loop circling the suburbs of Melbourne. Proposed to be completed in 4 stages [115]
Infrastructure systems that include electricity, sewer, telecommunications, and transportation. Building cities that include Skyscrapers, housing, etc. requires concrete, steel, glass, and most especially that workers in all the trades to undertaker the massive scale of these megaprojects.
Construction began in 2015 and is spread out into three phases with Phase 1 expected to be completed sometime in 2022. The full project is expected to be fully Completed by 2050, housing a population of 6,500,000 people.
Modderfontein infrastructure development of residential, industrial and commercial space by Chinese developer Shanghai Zendai. Start dated 2015 completion dated 15 to 20 years later.[121][122]
Abuja, FCT in Nigeria, which was built mainly in the 1980s, was the fastest growing city in the world between 2000 and 2010, with an increase of 139.7%, and still expanding rapidly.[123]
The planned capital city of Nigeria, which was built mainly in the 1980s. It officially became Nigeria's capital on 12 December 1991, replacing Lagos, and has since witnessed a huge influx of people into the city. As at 2006, the city of Abuja had a population of 776,298, making it one of the ten most populous cities in Nigeria, with an estimated metropolitan population of well over three million. Abuja is currently amongst the four largest urban areas in Nigeria.[124]
A peninsula development located in Asokoro district, in Abuja. The mixed-use development is approximately 60 hectares of land, located at the shores of Pendam Lake. Its residential development ranges from apartment buildings to villas. They are majorly luxury properties with private balconies, mezzanines, floor-to-ceiling windows, swimming pool and sun terrace etc. The commercial and work section presents hotels, offices, shopping malls, business and primary schools.[126]
Project by the Nigerian Government, Eagle Hills of Abu Dhabi and Julius Berger Nigeria PLC to build a smart city to mark the country's centennial anniversary. Project broke ground on 19 June 2014 and has an anticipated timeline of 10 to 15 years to completion. The city, which is located in the Federal Capital Territory, anticipates over 400,000 residents.[127]
A planned city of Lagos State, Nigeria, being constructed on land reclaimed from the Atlantic Ocean. The project broke ground in 2007 and is being spearheaded by South Energyx Nigeria Ltd. Upon completion the project anticipates at least 250,000 residents and an additional daily flow of 150,000 commuters.[128]
In 2014, The Ministry of Housing and Urban Development signed deal with the New Festac Property Development Company, to develop the second phase of Festac Town. Since the award, the company has been carrying out extensive preliminary project development activities including surveys, field studies, site investigation, environmental impact assessment, and town planning for the project.[129]
A peninsula city which is 755 square kilometres. Lekki Phase 1 has been completed and it currently houses several Estates and gated residential developments; other phases of the project include, areas allocated for a Free Trade Zone, with an airport, and a sea port under construction. The proposed land use master plan for the Lekki envisages the Peninsula as a "Blue-Green Environment City", expected to accommodate well over 3.4 million residential population and an additional non-residential population of at least 1.9 million.[130]
Conceived as a global manufacturing and trading hub, the project is expected to double employment potential, triple industrial output and quadruple exports from the region in five years. The total employment to be generated from the project is 3 million, the bulk of which will be in the manufacturing/processing sectors. The project initially aims to create seven smart cities distributed along the backbone of the dedicated freight corridor between Delhi and Mumbai. Completion of the Corridor is expected for 2037.
The smart city is being built as a global financial hub to provide world class infrastructure for the Indian financial industry to grow.[132] It aims to outclass France's La Défense, Tokyo's Shinjuku and London's London Docklands in every aspect.[133]
Bahria Town Karachi is a world-class master planned community near Pakistan largest port city Karachi This city is designed with a neighborhood concept to provide worldclass lifestyle facilities having Sports city, IT City, Entertainment Complex, Five Star Hotels and Residential Area.[135] The city is built on a 70560 acres piece of land located near Karachi.
The green and sustainable city is to be built on a 4,700 hectares piece of virgin land located several kilometres northeast of Karachi.[136] Upon completion, the new city which is still under development is anticipating at least 250,000 residents and a daily flow of 50,000 commuters.[137]
Covering 440,000 meters, Crescent Bay is one of the biggest projects in Pakistan. It is a mixed-use oceanfront development in Karachi. It features multiple high rise buildings, shopping malls, 5-star hotels, and mosques. The project is managed by Emaar properties who built the Burj Khalifa complex in Dubai. This project is one of the most modern projects ever built in Pakistan.
Owned by Malik Riaz, Bundal Island City (also known as Bahria Town Island City). In 2013, Malik Riaz signed a 20bn dollar agreement with Thomas Kramer to build Bodha Island City. Development of this project will soon start on Bundal Island in southern Karachi. The city will house millions of people as well as provide 2.5 million jobs for people of Karachi. the city will be connected to mainland Karachi by a bridge. The stylish skyscrapers of Bodha Island City will provide a whole new look for the megacity of Karachi!
A 593m tall skyscraper situated at Karachi Port Trust. The building will be located on its very own man-made island with other skyscrapers. It will be located along the Mai Kolachi Bypass. Once completed, it will be the tallest building in South Asia.
Sprawling over an area of 70,000 acres, the RRDZ project entails high-quality residential, commercial, institutional, cultural and recreational zones along both sides of the river at a stretch of 33 km.[138] The riverfront will be dotted with highrise condominiums, modern piers, boardwalks and 70 percent area dedicated to trees to make it environment friendly.[139] Around 25,000 acres of riverfront would be sold to investors for business, cultural and lifestyle activities.[140]
LDA City is the biggest housing society project ever undertaken by LDA,[141] and is the largest housing society in Punjab, Pakistan. The city is to be built on a 3,059 hectares (7560 acres) piece of virgin land located several kilometers south of Lahore.
Pak-Us Knowledge Corridor (PUKC) is a minister-proposed mega project. This project was proposed by the Minister for Planning and Development Ahsan Iqbal, the term US-Pakistan Knowledge Corridor, he used to boost cooperation between Pakistan and America in education sector.
A planned offshore city in Colombo, Sri Lanka which is to be built on reclaimed land adjacent to the Galle Face Green. The city will use construction resources from the Colombo Harbour Expansion Project, currently under construction near the site of this proposed city.[142] Set for Completion in 2041.
An area half the size of Paris, BSD City encompasses an area of about 6000 hectares. It is the most ambitious urban planning scheme in Indonesia to combine housing, business and commercial properties.
Lippo Cikarang is an industrial park with an area of 332 hectares, which also has apartment, hotel, office, shopping center, retail, school and university, hospital, convention center and other supporting facilities.
Ancol Dreamland is currently the largest integrated tourism area in South East Asia with an area of about 600 hectares, boasting an international championship golf course, a theme park, an oceanarium, a convention centre, beaches, hotels and other recreational facilities.
Standing on 160 hectares of artificial/reclaimed land, located on an open water at Jakarta Bay, Pluit City is a stunning modern city that will become a valuable addition to the capital city of Jakarta.
Artificialarchipelago 25 km (16 mi) south of Baku, Azerbaijan consisting of 41 islands spreading 3,000 hectares (about 11.6 sq mi) over the Caspian Sea. Expected to be finished by 2020–2025, and house a population of 1 million.
Project is being developed on 384,000 square metres (0.148 sq mi) of land, intending to create a total built-up area of over 1,700,000 square metres (0.66 sq mi) consisting of hotels, apartments, offices, commercial outlets and entertainment.[145][146]
Will host both commercial and residential development including homes, hotels, and offices. The centerpiece of the development project will be the $1.2 Billion Jeddah Tower, a tower planned to become the tallest in the world.
The Saudi government is reportedly paying as high as 500,000 Saudi riyals (around $133,000) per square meter to the owners of the buildings close to the mosque in return for the expropriation. This brings the total figure to around $100 billion. Slated to Completed by 2020.
Saudi Arabia's most ambitious mega-city project ever, which is to build a new city in northwestern Saudi Arabia.[147] At the core of this new city will be Artificial Intelligence.[148]
It occupies a total land area of 2,500 ha (25 km2), of which 1,700 ha will be claimed for development. The island holds the Yas Marina Circuit, which hosts the Formula One United Arab Emirates Grand Prix since 2009.
Originally call the Burj Dubai, the Burj Khalifa is currently the tallest building in the World and has held that title since its Completion and Grand Opening on 4 January 2010.
Will be world's largest Retail and Entertainment World, twice the size of Walt Disney World Resort, it include 45 mega projects and 200 sub projects. Currently, there are 22 projects under development. Expected Completion Date about 2025.
Renewals are being conducted all over Turkey but mainly on İstanbul[151] as Law 6306 announced by Ministry of Environment and City Planning (Turkey).[152] Fikirtepe, a neighborhood of Kadıköy has been chosen as pilot area for project.[153] Construction started in 2012 and is expected to take 20 years to complete setting for 2032.
Construction on Plots 1, 2–3, 4 (Tower 1) & (Tower 2), 6–8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, and 19 is completed. Construction on Plots 15 and 17–18 is in progress.
The Central Business District of the Paris Metropolitan area, La Défense provides France with a modern set of skyscrapers while Paris itself retains most of its original architecture and character.
The Central Business District of the Paris Metropolitan area, La Défense provides France with a modern set of skyscrapers while Paris itself retains most of its original architecture and character. This current round of the project includes modernize, refurbish and green the area.
In the 1990s, the city began a de-industrialisation process, which radically changed its image. After closing several factories and decontaminating the city's river, several mega projects were built. A whole new airport, designed by Spanish world-famous architect Santiago Calatrava, a metro system designed by British Lord Norman Foster, a recovery of the city's old fashioned tram network changed the city's public transport system. The Iberdrola Tower, which is Bilbao's tallest building, the Alhondiga, the Zubizuri bridge and several other significant buildings changed the city center's polluted past. The whole renovation process started because of the construction of The Guggemheim Museum Of Bilbao, the city's landmark and main museum.
A complex of four skyscrapers, each about 240 metres high, located on one of Madrid's most expensive avenue, La Castellana. The towers were built on Real Madrid's former Ciudad Deportiva, and were completed in 2008. The tallest building is Torre Cepsa, designed by world-famous architect Norman Foster, and has a height of 249 meters, making it Spain's tallest structure.
A mega urban project that aims to expand the existing Paseo de la Castellana by creating an extension of itself, it would include a large business center, 10,500 homes, multiple skyscrapers, and more than 200,000 jobs. The project will be fully approved this December, it is believed that it could increase regional wealth by 7.3%, and national wealth by up to 1.4%.
A strategy that aims to expand the city in the southeast of the city with the creation of six neighborhoods (Los cerros, Ensanche de Vallecas, Valdecarros, el Cañaveral, los Berrocales, los Ahijones) At the moment one of the neighborhoods is already built, another one is under construction, two other neighborhoods already have the ground ready, while the two remaining neighborhoods have nothing built.
This strategy aims to create some 145,637 homes in the south of Madrid, of which 30,000 have been built so far. These developments would extend the surface of Madrid by 8.2% and could house more than 350,000 inhabitants.
The entire strategy is not expected to be completed until 2040/2050.
A 4,200 acre privately owned and master-planned commercial development 20-minutes from Downtown Houston. The project broke ground in 2014 with TechnipFMC's 173-acre corporate campus[157]. Generation Park is owned and developed by McCord.
The project's centerpiece, Barclays Center, opened in September 2012. The project name Atlantic Yards has been renamed Pacific Park, Brooklyn. The Project is expected to be Completed by 2025 at the earliest.
The "spaceship", as it is nicknamed, is Apple's new flagship headquarters (formally named Apple Campus 2). Taking the shape of a giant ring, it is expected to house over 14,000 employees. It was completed and opened in April 2017.
Construction began in 2014 on the South end of Roosevelt Island. The first of three phases is set to be completed in stages between 2017 and 2019 and Phase 2 to be Completed sometime later.
Recovery from the September 11 attacks. One, Three, Four, and Seven World Trade Center Towers completed 2006–2018. Two, Five, and Six World Trade Center Towers are either in development, currently on hold, or will never be rebuilt.
A large mixed-use development of over 25 acres of land on the north side of Downtown Miami. Eventually will include lots of shopping, apartment buildings, hotels, office buildings, and even a convention center. Though not much has been built as of yet, one notable building is Paramount Miami Worldcenter, which stands at 700 ft tall.
Commencing in 2017, the cracker plant currently holds over 3,000 construction jobs, and will have 600 permanent jobs when the plant is completed. It will produce over 1.6 million tonnes of ethylene per year.
Sasol is constructing a world-scale petrochemical complex in Southwest Louisiana, which will roughly triple the company's chemical production capacity in the U.S. and enable it to build on its strong positions in robust and growing global chemicals markets.
Recovery from earthquakes in 2010–2011. Rebuild of central business district, demolition and remediation of several residential neighbourhoods now deemed unsuitable for building. Infrastructure upgrades and addition of commuter rail. Entire project to be completed by 2020.
At the close of the 20th century, Brasília was the largest city in the world which had not existed at the beginning of the century.[163] Construction cost for Brasília in 1957 was about $2.5 Billion.[164]
One of the most ambitious projects in Latin American history. Includes building over 60 skyscrapers, 500 highrises, 3 new CBDs, a subway system, and a smart city near Usaquén. The project is meant to establish Bogota as the financial, industrial, and technological capital of Latin America.
Water-related
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Ports, waterways, canals, and locks for Passenger Ships and Cargo Ships carrying passengers and cargo from country to country and islands nations are built as megaprojects
The Port at Lekki is a new seaport in Lekki, and construction commenced in 2015. The port is planned to be developed in phases to meet the growing demand; phase one opened in 2018.[167] The port is financed by private investors and a consortium of banks who have funded the project with $1.65 billion so far.[168]
A deep sea port located in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Construction began in the 1970s during the rule Zulfikar Ali Bhutto to relieve the congestion of Karachi Port. Port Qasim, along with the port of Karachi, handle 90% of Pakistan's cargo
Formally the Nicaraguan Canal and Development Project (also referred to as the Nicaragua Grand Canal, or the Grand Interoceanic Canal) is a planned shipping route through Nicaragua to connect the Caribbean Sea (and therefore the Atlantic Ocean) with the Pacific Ocean. Its viability has been questioned by shipping experts and engineers[171]
Originally constructed by the United States for about $360 million. Opened on 15 August 1914 with a series of locks, canals, and lakes which connect ships traveling between the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean.
The Danube-Morava-Vardar-Aegean Canal is in planing for a very long time, significant progress has been made in 2013 and 2014,with China having interests in building a cannal,project would cost around $17,000,000,000. Serbia is most interested country in building this project,which would make Great Morava and South Morava pass-able for boats from Thessaloniki. There would be many HydroPower plants as well as 9 ports in Jagodina, Stalać, Kruševac, Kraljevo, Niš, Leskovac, Vranje, Kumanovo and Skopje. It would connect new rivers into three main rivers,and make Morava and Vardar navigable rivers,and clean them for passage of boats.It was main theme in Thessaloniki summit in january 2020,when all three leaders met.[172]
^Sutter, Joe; Spenser, Jay (1 May 2007). 747: Creating the World's First Jumbo Jet and Other Adventures from a Life in Aviation. Collins. ISBN0-06-088242-5.
^Norris, G.; Thomas, G.; Wagner, M.; Forbes Smith, C. (2005). Boeing 787 Dreamliner – Flying Redefined. Aerospace Technical Publications International. ISBN0-9752341-2-9. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
^Irving, Clive. Wide Body: The Triumph of the 747. New York: W. Morrow, 1993. ISBN0-688-09902-5, pp. 189–190.
^"Archived copy"(PDF). Archived(PDF) from the original on 12 October 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^"Archived copy". TechCrunch. 2 September 2016. Archived from the original on 22 June 2020. Retrieved 11 July 2020.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^"Archived copy"(PDF). Archived(PDF) from the original on 20 August 2018. Retrieved 20 August 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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