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Revision as of 05:36, 15 August 2020

Front cover of an Iraqi passport (1991-2003) design

Visa requirements for Iraqi citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Iraq. As of 1 October 2019, Iraqi citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 27 countries and territories, ranking the Iraqi passport 106th in the world in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.[1]

Visa requirements map

Visa requirements for Iraqi citizens
  Iraq
  Visa not required
  Visa on arrival
  eVisa
  Visa available both on arrival or online
  Visa required

Visa requirements

Country Visa requirement Allowed stay Notes (excluding departure fees)
 Afghanistan Visa required[2]
  • Visa Available - AFGHANISTAN EMBASSY IN BAGHDAD
 Albania Visa required[3]
  • Visa Available - ALBANIA EMBASSY IN ANKARA OR ALBANIA CONSULATE IN ISTANBUL
  • Visa free for a maximum stay of 90 days within 180 days for valid visa holders or residents of the Schengen Area member states, the United Kingdom and the United States.
 Algeria Visa required[4]
  • Visa Available - ALGERIA EMBASSY IN BAGHDAD
 Andorra Visa required[5]
  • Visa Available - ANDORRA EMBASSY IN PARIS
 Angola Visa required[6]
  • Visa Available - ANGOLA EMBASSY IN CAIRO
 Antigua and Barbuda Electronic Entry Visa[7] 30 days
  • Visa Available - E Visa
  • Visa free for a maximum stay of 30 days for valid visa holders or residents of the Schengen Area member states, the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada.
 Argentina Visa required[8]
  • Visa Available - ARGENTINA EMBASSY IN ABU DHABI
  • Visa Available - ARGENTINA EMBASSY IN TEHRAN
  • Visa Available - ARGENTINA EMBASSY IN ANKARA
 Armenia Visa required[9]
  • Visa Available - ARMENIA EMBASSY IN BAGHDAD
 Australia Visa required[10]
  • Visa Available - AUSTRALIA EMBASSY IN AMMAN
 Austria Visa required[11]
  • Visa Available - VFS GLOBAL IN ERBIL
 Azerbaijan Visa required[12]
  • Iraqi Citizens can apply for visa at AZERBAIJAN EMBASSY IN BAGHDAD
  • Visa on arrival if having official invitation letter issued by the State Migration Service of Azerbaijan.
 Bahamas eVisa[13]
 Bahrain eVisa[14]
 Bangladesh eVisa[15]
 Barbados Visa required[16]
 Belarus eVisa[17]
  • Belarus has not Embassy in Iraq
 Belgium Visa required[18]
  • Visa Available - VFS GLOBAL IN ERBIL
 Belize Visa required[19]
  • Belize has not Embassy in Iraq
  • Permanent residents and holders of multiple entry visa of the United States may obtain a visa on arrival.holder valid visa issued by a Schengen Member State are visa exempt for a maximum stay of 90 days.
 Benin eVisa[20] 90 days
  • Must have an international vaccination certificate.
 Bhutan Visa required[21]
  • Holders of an application for a tourist visa can obtain a visa on arrival.
 Bolivia Visa required[22]
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Visa required[23]
  • Visa not required for 30 days if holding multiple-entry visa issued by Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Ireland (Rep.), Monaco, Romania, USA, United Kingdom or a Schengen Member State.
 Botswana Visa required[24]
 Brazil Visa required[25]
 Brunei Visa required[26]
 Bulgaria Visa required[27]
  • Visa free for a maximum stay of 90 days within 180 days for valid visa holders or residents of the Schengen Area member states.
 Burkina Faso Visa required[28]
 Burundi Visa required[29][30]
  • Pre-arranged visa can be picked up on arrival.
 Cambodia eVisa[31] 30 days
 Cameroon Visa required[32]
  • Pre-arranged visa can be picked up on arrival.[33]
 Canada Visa required[34]
 Cape Verde Visa on arrival[35] 3 months
 Central African Republic Visa required[36]
 Chad Visa required[37]
  • Pre-arranged visa can be picked up on arrival.
 Chile Visa required[38]
 China Visa required[39]
  • Iraqi Citizens can apply for visa at 'CHINA EMBASSY IN BAGHDAD
 Colombia eVisa[40]
  • Online visa application available.
 Comoros eVisa[41] 45 days
 Republic of the Congo Visa required[42]
  • Visa not required if passengers have a V.I.P invitation letter.
 Democratic Republic of the Congo Visa required[43]
  • Passenger with a letter (Visa Volant) issued by the Ministry of Interior and Security can obtain a visa on arrival.
 Costa Rica Visa required[44]
  • Visa free for a maximum stay of 30 days for valid visa holders or residents of the United States and Canada.
 Côte d'Ivoire eVisa[45]
 Croatia Visa required[46]
  • Visa free for a maximum stay of 90 days within 180 days for valid visa holders or residents of the Schengen Area member states.
 Cuba Visa required[47]
  • Eligible to travel to Cuba with a tourist card only without visa if hold a valid visa or permanent residence permit issued by Canada, the United States or an EU member state.
 Cyprus Visa required[48]
  • Both Cyprus Have not Embassy in Iraq
  • Iraqi Citizens can apply for visa at NORTHERN CYPRUS EMBASSIES AND CONSULATES in ANKARA, ISTANBUL, IZMIR, ANTALYA, TRABZON, GAZIANTAP
  • Iraqi Citizens can apply for visa at VFS GLOBAL - ERBIL FOR REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS
  • Visa free for a maximum stay of 90 days within 180 days for valid visa holders or residents of the Schengen Area member states.
 Czech Republic Visa required[49]
  • Iraqi Citizens can apply for visa at CZECH REPUBLIC CONSULATE IN ERBIL
 Denmark Visa required[50]
 Djibouti eVisa[51] 31 days
 Dominica Visa not required[52] 21 days
  • Visa free for a maximum stay of 6 months for valid visa holders or residents of the Schengen Area member states, the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada.
 Dominican Republic Visa required[53]
  • Visa free for a maximum stay of 90 days for valid visa holders or residents of the Schengen Area member states, the United Kingdom, Ireland, the United States and Canada.
 Ecuador Visa required[54]
 Egypt Visa required[55]
 El Salvador Visa required[56]
 Equatorial Guinea Visa required[57]
 Eritrea Visa required[58]
  • Pre-arranged visa can be picked up on arrival.
 Estonia Visa required[59]
 Eswatini Visa required[60]
 Ethiopia eVisa[61] up to 90 days
 Fiji Visa required[62]
 Finland Visa required[63]
 France Visa required[64]
  • Visa Available - VFS GLOBAL IN ERBIL
 Gabon eVisa[65]
 Gambia Visa required[66]
  • Visa not required if Passengers traveling as tourists on a charter flight.
 Georgia Visa required[67]
  • Visa free for a maximum stay of 90 days within 180 days for valid visa holders or residents of EU/EFTA, GCC, Australia, Canada, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea and the United States.
 Germany Visa required[68]
  • Visa Available - VFS GLOBAL IN ERBIL
 Ghana Visa required[69]
  • Pre-arranged visa can be picked up on arrival.
 Greece Visa required[70]

Iraqi Citizens can apply for visa at GREECE EMBASSY IN BAGHDAD

 Grenada Visa required[71]
 Guatemala Visa required[72]
 Guinea eVisa[73]
 Guinea-Bissau eVisa / Visa on arrival[74] 90 days
 Guyana Visa required[75]
  • Those travelling as tourists can obtain a visa on arrival for a maximum stay of 30 days provided holding a letter of invitation from sponsor or host.
 Haiti Visa not required[76] 3 months
 Honduras Visa required[77]
 Hungary Visa required[78]
 Iceland Visa required[79]
 India Visa required[80]
  • Iraqi Citizens can apply for visa at INDIA EMBASSY IN BAGHDAD
  • Iraqi Citizens can apply for visa at INDIA CONSULATE IN ERBIL
 Indonesia Visa required[81]
  • Iraqi Citizens can apply for visa at INDONESIA EMBASSY IN BAGHDAD
 Iran Visa required[82]
  • Iraqi Citizens can apply for visa at IRAN EMBASSY IN BAGHDAD
  • Iraqi Citizens can apply for visa at IRAN CONSULATE IN ERBIL
  • Iraqi Citizens can apply for visa at IRAN CONSULATE IN SULAYIMANIAH
  • Iraqi Citizens can apply for visa at IRAN CONSULATE IN KARBALA
  • Iraqi Citizens can apply for visa at IRAN CONSULATE IN NAJAF
  • Iraqi Citizens can apply for visa at IRAN CONSULATE IN BASRA
  • Visa not required if visiting Kish island.
 Ireland Visa required[83]
 Israel Visa required[84]
  • Confirmation from Israeli government is required before a visa is issued.[85]
 Italy Visa required[86]
 Jamaica Visa required[87]
 Japan Visa required[88]
  • Iraqi Citizens can apply for visa at JAPAN EMBASSY IN BAGHDAD via Nabaa Baghdad Travel Agency OR Al-Hayat Travel Co OR Al-Merjan Travel Co

with JAPAN CONSULATE IN ERBIL via Alvaro Travel & Tourism OR Dream Way Co

 Jordan Visa required[89]
  • Visa on arrival if having an official "Businessmen card" issued by Jordan or an official letter confirming the attendance to a conference or workshop.
  • Visa is not required only if holding residence permits issued by , A GCC Member States, Switzerland an EEA Member state, Australia, Canada , Japan, or a Permanent Resident Card (Form I-551) issued by the USA. The residence permit should be valid for a minimum of 6 months.
  • Visa on arrival if traveling for medical treatment for Female or Male older than 50 years and younger than 15 years.
 Kazakhstan Visa required[90]
  • Visitors arriving from a country without Kazakh representation and holding an invitation letter, can obtain a single entry visa on arrival for a max. stay of 1 month.
 Kenya Visa required[91]
 Kiribati Visa required[92]
 North Korea Visa required[93]
  • North Korea Has not Embassy in Iraq
  • Iraqi Citizens can apply for visa at NORTH KOREA EMBASSY IN CAIRO OR NORTH KOREA EMBASSY IN TEHRAN
 South Korea Visa required[94]
  • Iraqi Citizens can apply for visa at SOUTH KOREA EMBASSY IN BAGHDAD with SOUTH KOREA CONSULATE IN ERBIL
 Kuwait Visa required[95]
  • Passengers with a confirmation that a visa has been approved before departure can collect their original visa at immigration counter.
 Kyrgyzstan eVisa[96]
 Laos Visa required[98]
 Latvia Visa required[99]
 Lebanon Visa on arrival[100] 30 days
  • Extendable for 2 months
  • Free at Beirut International Airport or any other entry port (no Israeli visa/seal, hold a phone number, Lebanese address, non-refundable return/circle ticket).
 Lesotho eVisa[101][102]
 Liberia Visa required[103]
  • Pre-arranged visa can be picked up on arrival.
 Libya Visa required[104]
 Liechtenstein Visa required[105]
 Lithuania Visa required[106]
 Luxembourg Visa required[107]
 Madagascar eVisa / Visa on arrival[108] 90 days
 Malawi eVisa[109]
 Malaysia Visa not required[110] 30 days
 Maldives Free visa on arrival[111] 30 days
 Mali Visa required[112]
 Malta Visa required[113]
 Marshall Islands Visa required[114]
 Mauritania Visa on arrival[115]
 Mauritius Visa required[116]
 Mexico Visa required[117]
  • Visa free for a maximum stay of 180 days for valid visa holders or residents of the Schengen Area member states, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada and Japan.
 Micronesia Visa not required[118] 30 days
 Moldova Visa required[119][120]
  • Invitation letter holders may apply for a visa electronically.
 Monaco Visa required[121]
 Mongolia Visa required[122]
  • Pre-arranged visa can be picked up on arrival.
 Montenegro Visa required[123]
  • Visa free for a maximum stay of 30 days for valid visa holders or residents of the Schengen Area member states, the United Kingdom, Ireland and the United States.
 Morocco Visa required[124]
 Mozambique Visa on arrival[125] 30 days
 Myanmar Visa required[126]
  • Passengers with a letter of approval issued by the Ministry of Hotels and Tourism can obtain a visa on arrival
 Namibia Visa required[127]
 Nauru eVisa[128]
  • Pre-arranged visa can be picked up on arrival.
   Nepal Visa required[129]
 Netherlands Visa required[130]
  • Visa Available - VFS GLOBAL IN ERBIL
 New Zealand Visa required[131]
  • May apply online.
 Nicaragua Visa required[132]
  • Visa free for a maximum stay of 90 days for valid visa holders or residents of the Schengen Area member states, the United States and Canada.
 Niger Visa required[133]
  • Pre-arranged visa can be picked up on arrival
 Nigeria Visa required[134]
  • Holders of written e-Visa approval issued by Immigration Authority can obtain a visa on arrival, provided holding a visa application form and e-Visa application payment receipt and holding an invitation letter from Nigerian company accepting immigration responsibilities.
 North Macedonia Visa required[135]
  • Visa free for a maximum stay of 15 days for valid visa holders of the Schengen Area member states.
 Norway Visa required[136]
 Oman eVisa[137]
  • Passengers with a Visa Deposit Receipt can obtain a visa on arrival.
 Pakistan Online Visa[138]
  • Online Visa eligible.[139]
  • Electronic Travel Authorization to obtain a visa on arrival for business purposes.[140]
 Palau Free visa on arrival[141] 30 days
 Panama Visa required[142]
  • Visa free for a maximum stay of 30 days for valid visa holders or residents of Australia, the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada.
 Papua New Guinea Visa required[143]
 Paraguay Visa required[144]
 Peru Visa required[145]
 Philippines Visa required[146]
 Poland Visa required[147]

Iraqi Citizens can apply for visa at POLAND CONSULATE IN ERBIL

 Portugal Visa required[148]
  • Portugal Has not Embassy in Iraq
  • Iraqi Citizens can apply for visa at VFS GLOBAL IN ERBIL
 Qatar eVisa[149][150]
  • Holder of valid residence permits or visas from either the United States of America, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, the Schengen countries, or the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council can obtain an Electronic Travel Authorisation
 Romania Visa required[151]
  • Iraqi Citizens can apply for visa at ROMANIA EMBASSY IN ANKARA or ROMANIA CONSULATE IN ERBIL
  • Visa free for a maximum stay of 90 days within 180 days for valid visa holders or residents of the Schengen Area member states.
 Russia Visa required[152]
 Rwanda eVisa / Visa on arrival[153] 30 days
 Saint Kitts and Nevis eVisa[154]
 Saint Lucia Visa required[155]
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Visa required[156]
 Samoa Visa not required[157] 60 days
 San Marino Visa required[158]
  • Same rules as for Italy. No border control but accessible only via Italy.
 São Tomé and Príncipe eVisa[159][160]
 Saudi Arabia Visa required[161]
 Senegal Visa required[162]
  • Visa not required for Passengers with an official invitation letter.
 Serbia Visa required[163]
  • Visa free for a maximum stay of 90 days within 180 days for valid visa holders or residents of the Schengen Area member states, the United Kingdom, Ireland and the United States.
 Seychelles Free Visitor's Permit on arrival[164] 3 months
 Sierra Leone Visa required[165]
  • Pre-arranged visa can be picked up on arrival
 Singapore eVisa[166]
 Slovakia Visa required[167]
 Slovenia Visa required[168]
 Solomon Islands Visa required[169]
  • Pre-arranged visa can be picked up on arrival.
 Somalia Visa on arrival[170] 30 days
  • Available at Bosaso, Galcaio and Mogadishu airports.
 South Africa Visa required[171]
  • SOUTH AFRICA Has not Embassy in Iraq
  • Iraqi Citizens can apply for visa at SOUTH AFRICA EMBASSY IN AMMAN
 South Sudan Visa required[172]
 Spain Visa required[173]
  • Iraqi Citizens can apply for visa at SPAIN EMBASSY IN BAGHDAD
  • Iraqi Kurdistan Citizens can apply for visa at ALVARO TRAVEL COMPANY IN ERBIL OR SPAIN EMBASSY IN ANKARA OR SPAIN CONSULATE IN ISTANBUL via BLS INTERNATIONAL
 Sri Lanka eVisa / Visa on arrival[174] 30 days
 Sudan Visa required[175]
  • Passengers with an "Entry Permit" issued by the Sudanese Ministry of Interior can obtain a visa on arrival.
 Suriname eVisa[176]
 Sweden Visa required[177]
  Switzerland Visa required[178]
 Syria Visa required[179]
  • Conditional VoA can be obtained.
 Tajikistan Visa required[180]
  • Pre-arranged visa can be picked up on arrival.
 Tanzania eVisa[181][182]
 Thailand Visa required[183]
 Timor-Leste Visa on arrival[184] 30 days
 Togo Visa on arrival[185] 7 days
 Tonga Visa required[186]
 Trinidad and Tobago Visa required[187]
  • Pre-arranged visa can be picked up on arrival.
 Tunisia Visa required[188]
  • Visa not required for passengers traveling on an organized tour.
 Turkey Visa required[189]
  • Visa Available via GATEWAY MANAGEMENT LOGISTICS
  • Holders of a valid visa or residence permit from Schengen area countries, Ireland, the United Kingdom or the United States can apply for e-visa at Airports only
 Turkmenistan Visa required[190]
  • Conditional VoA can be obtained.
 Tuvalu Visa on arrival[191] 1 month
 Uganda eVisa / Visa on arrival[192] 3 months
 Ukraine Visa required[193]
 United Arab Emirates eVisa[194]
 United Kingdom Visa required[195]
 United States Visa required[196]
 Uruguay Visa required[197]
 Uzbekistan eVisa[198]
  • Pre-arranged visa can be picked up on arrival.
 Vanuatu Visa required[199]
 Vatican City Visa required[200]
  • Schengen Visa Required. Entry can be made from Italy exclusively.
 Venezuela Visa required[201]
 Vietnam eVisa[202]
 Yemen Visa required[203]
 Zambia eVisa[204]
 Zimbabwe eVisa[205]

Non-visa restrictions

This section is transcluded from Non-visa travel restrictions. (edit | history)

Many countries have entry restrictions on foreigners that go beyond the common requirement of having either a valid visa or a visa exemption. Such restrictions may be health related or impose additional documentation requirements on certain classes of people for diplomatic or political purposes.

Blank passport pages

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[206] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.

Vaccination

Main articles: Vaccination requirements for international travel, International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, and Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic
Cover of the new International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Bureau of Quarantine in the Philippines since 2021

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year[207] to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[208]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.[209][210]

Passport validity length

Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.

However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[211][212] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[213]

Some countries, such as Japan,[214] Ireland and the United Kingdom,[215] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[216] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[217] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru,[218] Philippines,[219] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[220]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[221] and South Africa.

Criminal record

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[222] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record, while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.

Persona non grata

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning them from entering the country or expelling them if they have already entered. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[223]

Israeli stamps

Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait,[224] Lebanon,[225] Libya,[226] and Yemen[227] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.[citation needed]

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Biometrics

See also: Countries applying biometrics

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than go landside.[228]

Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan,[229][230] Argentina,[231] Brunei, Cambodia,[232] China,[233] Ethiopia,[234] Ghana, Guinea,[235] India, Japan,[236][237] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[238] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[239] Mongolia, Saudi Arabia,[240] Singapore, South Korea,[241] Taiwan, Thailand,[242] Uganda,[243] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its own legislation),[244][245][246] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[247]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[248] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[249][250]

See also

References and Notes

References
  1. ^ "The Henley Passport Index" (PDF). Henley & Partners Holdings Ltd. 1 October 2019. Retrieved 3 October 2019. This graph shows the full Global Ranking of the 2019 Henley Passport Index. As the index uses dense ranking, in certain cases, a rank is shared by multiple countries because these countries all have the same level of visa-free or visa-on-arrival access.
  2. ^ Visa information, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan.
  3. ^ Visa regime for foreign citizens, Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of Albania.
  4. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  5. ^ Travel to Andorra, Ministry of External Affairs of Andorra.
  6. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  7. ^ Countries exempt from visa, Department of Immigration of Antigua and Barbuda.
  8. ^ Visa regime, National Directorate of Migrations of Argentina (in Spanish).
  9. ^ Visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia.
  10. ^ Visitor visa options, Department of Home Affairs of Australia.
  11. ^ Schengen visa, Federal Ministry for Europe, Integration and Foreign Affairs of Austria.
  12. ^ Countries with visa-free travel regime, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan (in Azerbaijani).
  13. ^ eVISA Online Services – Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Bahamas, Government of the Bahamas
  14. ^ Bahrain eVisas, Ministry of Interior of Bahrain.
  15. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  16. ^ Barbados Visa Requirements and Reciprocal Arrangements, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade of Barbados, 1 July 2020.
  17. ^ Visa-free travel, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belarus.
  18. ^ Visa for Belgium, Federal Public Service Foreign Affairs of Belgium.
  19. ^ Do you need a visa to travel to Belize?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade & Immigration, Belize, July 2023.
  20. ^ Visa, Emigration and Immigration Directorate of Benin.
  21. ^ Visa, Tourism Council of Bhutan.
  22. ^ Requirements to enter Bolivia, General Directorate of Migration of Bolivia (in Spanish).
  23. ^ Visas, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
  24. ^ Requirements for visa application, Government of Botswana.
  25. ^ Visas to travel to Brazil, Ministry of External Relations of Brazil (in Portuguese and English).
  26. ^ Country category for visa application, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Brunei.
  27. ^ Visa for Bulgaria, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria.
  28. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  29. ^ "MINISTERE DE LA SECURITE PUBLIQUE, DIRECTION GENERALE DE LA POLICE NATIONALE, COMISSARIAT GENERAL DE LA POLICE DE L'AIR, DES FRONTIERES ET DES ETRANGERS NOTE CIRCULAIRE DU 17/02/2015". Archived from the original on 2014-07-22. Retrieved 2015-02-26.
  30. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  31. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  32. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  33. ^ Passengers with a confirmation that a visa has been approved before departure and issued by "Le Delegue General de la Surete" can obtain a visa on arrival
  34. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  35. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  36. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  37. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  43. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  46. ^ Visa requirements overview, Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of Croatia.
  47. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  48. ^ Visa policy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Cyprus.
  49. ^ List of states whose citizens are exempt from visa requirement, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic, 13 July 2017.
  50. ^ Countries with a visa requirement and visa-free countries, Danish Immigration Service, 8 December 2017.
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  59. ^ Who does not need a visa to visit Estonia?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Estonia, 2 November 2017.
  60. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  61. ^ "Ethiopia electronic visa". Main Department for Immigration and Nationality Affairs, Ethiopia. Retrieved 24 November 2018.
  62. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  63. ^ Visa requirement and travel documents accepted by Finland, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland.
  64. ^ Foreign nationals holding ordinary passports exempt from visa requirements, Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of France, January 2016.
  65. ^ Gabon e-Visa
  66. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  67. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  68. ^ Overview of visa requirements/exemptions for entry into the Federal Republic of Germany, Federal Foreign Office of Germany.
  69. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  70. ^ Countries requiring or not requiring a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Greece, 13 June 2017.
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  77. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  78. ^ Countries that do not need a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Hungary.
  79. ^ Who does not need a visa, Directorate of Immigration of Iceland.
  80. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  81. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  82. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  83. ^ Countries that need a visa for Ireland, Irish Naturalisation and Immigration Service.
  84. ^ Tourist visa table, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 23 May 2017.
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  86. ^ Visa for Italy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Italy.
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  97. ^ "e-VISA". evisa.e-gov.kg. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
  98. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  99. ^ Countries whose citizens may enter Latvia without a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia, 9 October 2017.
  100. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  101. ^ eVisa Lesotho
  102. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  103. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  104. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  105. ^ Visa, Government of Liechtenstein (in German).
  106. ^ Do I need a visa?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania, 30 August 2017.
  107. ^ Staying in Luxembourg for less than 90 days, Government of Luxembourg.
  108. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  109. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  110. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  113. ^ Who requires a visa?, Identity Malta.
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  116. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  117. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  118. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  119. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  120. ^ "Home".
  121. ^ Before you leave, Monaco Government Tourist Office.
  122. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  127. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  128. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  129. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  130. ^ Short-stay Schengen visa (90 days or less), Government of the Netherlands.
  131. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  132. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  133. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  134. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  136. ^ Persons who do not need a visa to visit Norway, Norwegian Directorate of Immigration.
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  145. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  146. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  147. ^ Visa-free countries, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland.
  148. ^ Third countries whose citizens are required to have a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Portugal.
  149. ^ [5][permanent dead link‍]
  150. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  151. ^ Do I need a visa?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania.
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  155. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  157. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  158. ^ Border formalities, San Marino Tourism Board.
  159. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  160. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-05-21. Retrieved 2015-05-21.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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  163. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  164. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  165. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  166. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  167. ^ Consular information and travel visa, Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of Slovakia.
  168. ^ Visa regimes and visas, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Slovenia.
  169. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  170. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  171. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  172. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  173. ^ Entry requirements, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of Spain.
  174. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  175. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  176. ^ [6]
  177. ^ List of foreign citizens who require visa for entry into Sweden, Government of Sweden.
  178. ^ Overview of ID and visa provisions according to nationality, State Secretariat for Migration of Switzerland.
  179. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  180. ^ https://www.visa.gov.tj/index.html
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  182. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  183. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  184. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  186. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  187. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  191. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  192. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  193. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  194. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  195. ^ UK visa requirements: list for carriers, Government of the United Kingdom, 2 October 2017.
  196. ^ Travel without a visa, United States Department of State.
  197. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  198. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  199. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  200. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  201. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  202. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  203. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  204. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  205. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  206. ^ Baker, Vicky (20 June 2013). "Passport expiry dates and blank pages: what are the rules?". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 January 2024. The number of remaining blank pages a passport should have is also an issue. Some travellers have reported arriving with one or less than one full page left and waiting for hours at immigration, until an official reluctantly grants them entry. The FCO lists no hard and fast rules because, in many cases, there aren't any.
  207. ^ "Yellow Fever". Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC). African Union. Retrieved 23 August 2021. African countries that requires (sic) Yellow Fever vaccination certificate: Countries that require vaccination for all travellers older that 9 months or 1 year: Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameron, Central African Republic, Congo, Côte d'lvoire, DRC, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Niger, Togo.
  208. ^ "Fièvre jaune" (in French). September 2, 2018. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
  209. ^ "Yellow Fever". Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC). African Union. Retrieved 23 August 2021. African countries that requires Yellow Fever vaccination certificate: Countries that requires (sic) vaccination for travellers from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission or transit for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
  210. ^ Country list - Yellow fever vaccination requirements and recommendations; and malaria situation; and other vaccination requirement
  211. ^ "Foreign Affairs Manual, 9 FAM 403.9-3(B)(2) f". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
  212. ^ "Visitor Visa". travel.state.gov. US Department of State. Retrieved 13 January 2024. Passport valid for travel to the United States – Your passport must be valid for at least six months beyond your period of stay in the United States (unless exempt by country-specific agreements). Each individual who needs a visa must submit a separate application, including any family members listed in your passport.
  213. ^ "Countries whose citizens are allowed to enter Turkey with their expired passports". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Republic of Turkey. Archived from the original on 8 October 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2018. Countries whose citizens are allowed to enter Turkey with their expired passports: 1. Germany – Passports expired within the last year / ID's expired within the last year, 2. Belgium - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 3. France - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 4. Spain - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 5. Switzerland - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 6. Luxemburg - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 7. Portugal - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 8. Bulgaria – Valid ordinary passport
  214. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions". Embassy of Japan in Malaysia. Retrieved 13 January 2024. Q: Do I need at least 6 months passport validity in order to enter Japan? A: Japan does not have any regulations relating to passport validity, so long as your passport will be valid until after you leave Japan.
  215. ^ "Entering the UK". Gov.UK. Retrieved 17 March 2021. You're not from an EEA country: you must have a valid passport to enter the UK. It should be valid for the whole of your stay.
  216. ^ Bahrain government website
  217. ^ "Passports and Visa | GoIsrael - the Official Website of Tourism to Israel".
  218. ^ "Government Of Peru Requires Six-Month Validity On Passports To Enter Peru". Traveling & Living in Peru. 2 January 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  219. ^ "Bureau of Immigration of the Republic of the Philippines". Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  220. ^ Timatic
  221. ^ "Maldives Reduces Passport Validity Requirement of Minimum 6 Months to Just 1 Month". Corporate Maldives. 24 October 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  222. ^ Government of Canada -- Overcome criminal convictions
  223. ^ "No entry for Modi into US: visa denied | India News - Times of India". The Times of India. Mar 18, 2005. Retrieved 2020-09-29.
  224. ^ "Travel Report - Kuwait". Voyage.gc.ca. 2012-11-16. Retrieved 2013-07-01.
  225. ^ Travel Advice for Lebanon - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade Archived 2008-12-24 at the Wayback Machine and Lebanese Ministry of Tourism Archived 2009-03-27 at the Wayback Machine
  226. ^ "Travel Advice for Libya - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade". Smartraveller.gov.au. Archived from the original on 2013-06-22. Retrieved 2013-07-01.
  227. ^ "Travel Advice for Yemen - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade". Smartraveller.gov.au. Archived from the original on 2011-08-20. Retrieved 2013-07-01.
  228. ^ Calder, Simon (24 April 2017). "Airline lobbying for a relaxation of draconian rules for London-Auckland travellers". The Independent. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2018. Travellers heading west from the UK to New Zealand may soon be able to avoid the onerous requirement to clear US border control during the refuelling stop at Los Angeles airport (LAX). Unlike almost every other country in the world, the US insists on a full immigration check even for passengers who simply intend to re-board their plane to continue onwards to a foreign destination. Air New Zealand, which flies daily from Heathrow via Los Angeles to Auckland, says there are currently "strict requirements for travellers" in transit at LAX. Through passengers to Auckland on flight NZ1 or Heathrow on NZ2 must apply in advance for an ESTA (online visa) even though they have no intention of staying in the US. They also have to undergo screening by the Transportation Security Administration.
  229. ^ "How to enter Afghanistan. The Entry Requirements for Afghanistan - CountryReports". Countryreports.org.
  230. ^ Nordland, Rod (19 November 2011). "In Afghanistan, Big Plans to Gather Biometric Data". The New York Times.
  231. ^ "Argentina strengthens migratory control". Archived from the original on 2 December 2013.
  232. ^ "Cambodia Foreign Entry Requirements". Us-passport-information.com. Archived from the original on 5 July 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  233. ^ "China to Start Fingerprinting Foreign Visitors". Air Canada. 31 Jan 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2018. Effective April 27, 2018, border control authorities at all of China's ports of entry, including its airports, will start collecting the fingerprints of all foreign visitors aged between 14 and 70. Diplomatic passport holders and beneficiaries of reciprocal agreements are exempted..
  234. ^ "Äthiopien: Reise- und Sicherheitshinweise". Auswaertiges-amt.de.
  235. ^ "Visa". paf.gov.gn.
  236. ^ "Japan fingerprints foreigners as anti-terror move". Reuters. 20 November 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  237. ^ "Anger as Japan moves to fingerprint foreigners - World". Theage.com.au. 2007-10-26.
  238. ^ "Immigration & Visas FAQs". Kenya Airports Authority. Retrieved 6 May 2019. Will visitors still have their digital photo and fingerprints taken at the immigration desk on arrival? Yes, the need to have photos and fingerprints taken upon arrival is to authenticate that the person who applied for the Visa is the same person at the port of entry
  239. ^ "Malaysia". CountryReports. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
  240. ^ "Saudi Arabia mandates fingerprints and biometrics for foreigners - SecureIDNews". secureidnews.com. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  241. ^ "S Korea to scan fingerprints of suspicious foreign visitors - People's Daily Online". peopledaily.com.cn. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  242. ^ "National News Bureau of Thailand".
  243. ^ AfricaNews (2019-01-14). "Gemalto awarded Uganda's new e-Immigration solution with fast-track border crossing eKiosks at Entebbe Airport". Africanews. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  244. ^ Brown, Theresa Cardinal (9 May 2016). "Biometric Entry-Exit Update: CBP Developing Land Border Process". Bipartisan Policy Center. Retrieved 25 April 2019. While a requirement for a biometric entry-exit system has been in law for over a decade, it is not yet a reality. Many reasons for the long gestating development have been documented in BPC's 2014 report Entry-Exit System: Progress, Challenges, and Outlook, including the technological, operational, and cost challenges of creating exit systems and infrastructure where none exist today. However, many critics, especially in Congress, simply accused the Department of Homeland security of dragging its feet... the major operational, logistical, and technical challenge in implementing exit capability at our ports has been the land borders. Unlike airports and seaports, the land border environment is not physically controlled, there is no means to get advance information on who is arriving, and the sheer volume of travel—both vehicular and pedestrian—creates challenges in any system to not further exacerbate delays. While biometric exit for land vehicular traffic is still in the "what if" stage, CBP is moving ahead and piloting systems and technology to use with the large population of pedestrian crossers at the U.S.-Mexico border.
  245. ^ Lipton, Eric (21 May 2013). "U.S. Quietly Monitors Foreigners' Departures at the Canadian Border". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Long demanded by lawmakers in Congress, it is considered a critical step to developing a coherent program to curb illegal immigration, as historically about 30 percent to 40 percent of illegal immigrants in the United States arrived on tourist visas or other legal means and then never left, according to estimates by Homeland Security officials.
  246. ^ Lipton, Eric (15 December 2006). "Administration to Drop Effort to Track if Visitors Leave". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Efforts to determine whether visitors actually leave have faltered. Departure monitoring would help officials hunt for foreigners who have not left, if necessary. Domestic security officials say, however, it would be too expensive to conduct fingerprint or facial recognition scans for land departures.
  247. ^ Campoy, Ana (17 April 2019). "The US wants to scan the faces of all air passengers leaving the country". Quartz. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  248. ^ "ICAO Document 9303: Machine Readable Travel Documents, Part 9: Deployment of Biometric Identification and Electronic Storage of Data in MRTDs, 7th edition" (PDF). 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  249. ^ "Iris Scan Implemented at Doha International Airport". Archived from the original on 8 January 2012.
  250. ^ "Iris Scanner Could Replace Emirates ID In UAE". SimplyDXB. 11 June 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2018. The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn't the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.
Notes
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