Anandalahari: Difference between revisions
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The tool body is wooden, open on both sides; the membrane is fixed in the lower and upper parts with a leather hoop and cords.<ref name="c"/> Some instruments have a hole in the upper diaphragm, others not; it may be completely absent in old instruments.<ref name="c"/> The vein string is attached to the bottom with a piece of bamboo or other material.<ref name="c"/> The other end of the string is fixed inside a copper pot.<ref name="c"/> |
The tool body is wooden, open on both sides; the membrane is fixed in the lower and upper parts with a leather hoop and cords.<ref name="c"/> Some instruments have a hole in the upper diaphragm, others not; it may be completely absent in old instruments.<ref name="c"/> The vein string is attached to the bottom with a piece of bamboo or other material.<ref name="c"/> The other end of the string is fixed inside a copper pot.<ref name="c"/> |
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The barrel is placed in the left armpit, the pot is taken in the left hand and the string is pulled with it, and the string is played with the right hand using a [[plectrum]]<ref name="c |
The barrel is placed in the left armpit, the pot is taken in the left hand and the string is pulled with it, and the string is played with the right hand using a [[plectrum]]<ref name="c"/>. |
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[[Curt Sachs]] believed that anandalahari and related instruments are a separate class of purely Indian plucked [[membranophones]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sachs |first1=Curt |title=Die Musikinstrumente Indiens und Indonesiens: zugleich eine Einführung in die Instrumentenkunde |date=1923 |publisher=Vereinigung Wissenschaftlicher Verleger |location=Berlin and Leipzig |url=https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Die_Musikinstrumente_Indiens_und_Indones.html?id=JHQFAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y |language=de}}</ref> but [[ethnomusicologist]], [[Laurence Picken]] and others have shown that they are clean [[chordophones]].<ref>L.E.R. Picken (1981): The “Plucked Drums”: ''Gopīyantra and Ānandalaharī''’, Musica asiatica, '''iii''', p 29–33</ref> A similar instrument known as the ''gopiyantra kendra'' is used by the [[Munda people]] of [[West Bengal|Bengal]] and [[Odisha]]. Both the gopiyantra and the anandalahari are used by religious mendicant singers of the [[Sadhu]] type and especially by singers of the [[heterodox]] [[Baul]] faith.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ray |first1=Sukumar |title=Music of Eastern India: Vocal Music in Bengali, Oriya, Assamese, and Manipuri, with Special Emphasis on Bengali |date=1973 |publisher=Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay |location=Calcutta |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=gCvaAAAAMAAJ&dq=The+Music+of+Eastern+India%3A+Vocal+Music+in+Bengali%2C+Oriya%2C+Assamese+and+Manipuri+with+Special+Emphasis+on+Bengali&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=anandalahari |language=en}}</ref> |
[[Curt Sachs]] believed that anandalahari and related instruments are a separate class of purely Indian plucked [[membranophones]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sachs |first1=Curt |title=Die Musikinstrumente Indiens und Indonesiens: zugleich eine Einführung in die Instrumentenkunde |date=1923 |publisher=Vereinigung Wissenschaftlicher Verleger |location=Berlin and Leipzig |url=https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Die_Musikinstrumente_Indiens_und_Indones.html?id=JHQFAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y |language=de}}</ref> but [[ethnomusicologist]], [[Laurence Picken]] and others have shown that they are clean [[chordophones]].<ref>L.E.R. Picken (1981): The “Plucked Drums”: ''Gopīyantra and Ānandalaharī''’, Musica asiatica, '''iii''', p 29–33</ref> A similar instrument known as the ''gopiyantra kendra'' is used by the [[Munda people]] of [[West Bengal|Bengal]] and [[Odisha]]. Both the gopiyantra and the anandalahari are used by religious mendicant singers of the [[Sadhu]] type and especially by singers of the [[heterodox]] [[Baul]] faith.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ray |first1=Sukumar |title=Music of Eastern India: Vocal Music in Bengali, Oriya, Assamese, and Manipuri, with Special Emphasis on Bengali |date=1973 |publisher=Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay |location=Calcutta |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=gCvaAAAAMAAJ&dq=The+Music+of+Eastern+India%3A+Vocal+Music+in+Bengali%2C+Oriya%2C+Assamese+and+Manipuri+with+Special+Emphasis+on+Bengali&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=anandalahari |language=en}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 14:19, 21 August 2020
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| Classification | Membranophone Chordophone |
|---|---|
| Hornbostel–Sachs classification | 22 (barrel shaped body, open on one side, and fixed on the bottom of a string(s)) |
| Related instruments | |
| Ektara, Pullavan Kudam, Bhapang, Dotara | |
Anandalahari (Bengali আনন্দলহরী; Sanskrit आनन्दलहरी, ānandalaharī IAST) is a Bengali chordophone musical instrument[1]. It has a barrel-shaped body, open on one side, and fixed on the "bottom" of a single string - single or double[2][1] . Also, a similar instrument named pulluvan kudam[1] is found in South India. Anandalahari often accompanies dance and may act as a melody and rhythm.[3]
The name "anandalahari" means "waves of joy". Popularly this instrument is called by onomatopoeic names like gubgubi and khamak.[3]
The tool body is wooden, open on both sides; the membrane is fixed in the lower and upper parts with a leather hoop and cords.[3] Some instruments have a hole in the upper diaphragm, others not; it may be completely absent in old instruments.[3] The vein string is attached to the bottom with a piece of bamboo or other material.[3] The other end of the string is fixed inside a copper pot.[3]
The barrel is placed in the left armpit, the pot is taken in the left hand and the string is pulled with it, and the string is played with the right hand using a plectrum[3].
Curt Sachs believed that anandalahari and related instruments are a separate class of purely Indian plucked membranophones[4] but ethnomusicologist, Laurence Picken and others have shown that they are clean chordophones.[5] A similar instrument known as the gopiyantra kendra is used by the Munda people of Bengal and Odisha. Both the gopiyantra and the anandalahari are used by religious mendicant singers of the Sadhu type and especially by singers of the heterodox Baul faith.[6]
See also
References
- ^ a b c Arnold, Alison (2017). The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia: The Indian Subcontinent. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-54438-2.
- ^ Lorea, Carola (2016). Folklore, Religion and the Songs of a Bengali Madman: A Journey Between Performance and the Politics of Cultural Representation. BRILL. p. vii. ISBN 978-90-04-32471-8.
- ^ a b c d e f g Dick, Alastair; Montagu, Jeremy (2014). "Ānandalaharī". Grove Music Online. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-4002261310.
- ^ Sachs, Curt (1923). Die Musikinstrumente Indiens und Indonesiens: zugleich eine Einführung in die Instrumentenkunde (in German). Berlin and Leipzig: Vereinigung Wissenschaftlicher Verleger.
- ^ L.E.R. Picken (1981): The “Plucked Drums”: Gopīyantra and Ānandalaharī’, Musica asiatica, iii, p 29–33
- ^ Ray, Sukumar (1973). Music of Eastern India: Vocal Music in Bengali, Oriya, Assamese, and Manipuri, with Special Emphasis on Bengali. Calcutta: Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay.
External links
- "Anandalahari - Banglapedia". en.banglapedia.org.