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Sanga was last medieval ruler to unite all the powers under one flag to fight the invaders by uniting all Rajput states and fought against foreign invaders despite loosing one eye, one hand and with close to 80 wounds on his body.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maharana Sanga; the Hindupat, the last great leader of the Rajput race : Sarda, Har Bilas, Diwan Bahadur, 1867-1955 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming|url=https://archive.org/details/maharanasangahin00sardrich|access-date=2020-08-17|website=Internet Archive|language=en}}</ref> Though He lost to [[Babur]] in his last battle, his courage continued to inspire many including his grandson [[Maharana Pratap]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=All you need to know about the fierce Rajput king Rana Sanga|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/all-you-need-to-know-about-the-fierce-rajput-king-rana-sanga-1157581-2018-01-30|access-date=2020-08-17|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>
Sanga was last medieval ruler to unite all the powers under one flag to fight the invaders by uniting all Rajput states and fought against foreign invaders despite loosing one eye, one hand and with close to 80 wounds on his body.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maharana Sanga; the Hindupat, the last great leader of the Rajput race : Sarda, Har Bilas, Diwan Bahadur, 1867-1955 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming|url=https://archive.org/details/maharanasangahin00sardrich|access-date=2020-08-17|website=Internet Archive|language=en}}</ref> Though He lost to [[Babur]] in his last battle, his courage continued to inspire many including his grandson [[Maharana Pratap]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=All you need to know about the fierce Rajput king Rana Sanga|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/all-you-need-to-know-about-the-fierce-rajput-king-rana-sanga-1157581-2018-01-30|access-date=2020-08-17|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>


Rana Sanga Territories includes Much of Today's [[Rajasthan]],Norther part of [[Gujrat]],Half [[Madhya pradesh]],Western parts of [[Uttar Pradesh]],Parts of Southern [[Punjab]] too.[[Rajputs]] Under Him were threatening to revive their powers In Northern India again.He was a head of Powerful Confederacy which was threatening the whole muslim position in Northern India.
Rana Sanga Territories includes Much of Today's [[Rajasthan]],Norther part of [[Gujrat]],Half [[Madhya pradesh]],Western parts of [[Uttar Pradesh]],Parts of Southern [[Punjab]] too.[[Rajputs]] Under Him were threatening to revive their powers In Northern India again.He was a head of Powerful Confederacy which was threatening the whole muslim position in Northern India<ref>{{Cite web|title=Babur {{!}} Biography & Achievements|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Babur|access-date=2020-08-23|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref>.


His rule is often said as Golden age Of [[Mewar]] in both power and prosperity.
His rule is often said as Golden age Of [[Mewar]] in both power and prosperity.

Revision as of 16:42, 23 August 2020

Maharana Sanga
Rana Sanga
Rana of Mewar
Reign1508–1528
PredecessorRana Raimal
SuccessorRatan Singh II
Born12 April 1482
Chittor, Mewar
Died30 January 1528(1528-01-30) (aged 45)
Kalpi
SpouseRani Karnavati
IssueBhoj Raj
Ratan Singh II
Vikramaditya Singh
Udai Singh II
Names
Sangram Singh
HouseSisodia
FatherRana Raimal
Sisodia Rajputs of Mewar II
(1326–1971)

Maharana Sangram Singh Sisodia (12 April 1482 – 30 January 1528)[1] commonly known as Rana Sanga, was an Indian ruler of Mewar and head of a powerful Rajput confederacy in Rajputana during the 16th century.[2] Sanga succeeded his father, Rana Raimal, as king of Mewar in 1508. He fought against the Afghan Lodhi dynasty of Delhi Sultanate, and later against the Turkic Mughals of Ferghana.

Early life and asscession

Rana Sanga was born in a Hindu Rajput family on 12 April 1482 to Rana Raimal. He lost his one eye in combat with his elder brother Prithviraj. It was during his rule later when Mewar reached its pinnacle in power and prosperity.[3]

Life and reign

Rana Sanga was a grandson of Rana Kumbha. Sanga became the ruler of Mewar after a battle for succession with his brothers.[4]

As ruler of Mewar he united the warring clans of Rajputana and formed a powerful confederacy, uniting the Rajputs after 300 years. The Rana expanded the boundaries of his Kingdom through war and diplomacy with the goal of forming an empire which was governed by a confederacy of ethnic Indian kings, irrespective of their religion.[citation needed]

Sanga was said to have fought a 100 battles and lost his eye, arm and leg in the various struggles.[5] Some of the Major battles that he fought were:


Conflict with Malwa Sultan

Malwa Sultan Mahmud II had quarrelled with powerful Rajput leader Medini Rai who earlier helped him to gain the throne. Mahmud asked for help from Gujarat Sultan against Medini Rai. Medini Rai asked for help from Sanga. Sanga took the fort of Gagron from Malwa and gave it to Medini Rai. Meanwhile Mahmud marched with his army and besieged the Gagron fort, when Rana got the news he himself marched towards Gagron. In the decisive battle at Gagron, Rana defeated the Sultan and captured him. Mahmud was kept prisoner in Chittor Fort. It is said that Mahmud was released from captivity after he gave his word for good behaviour and gave his son as prisoner as surety.[6][7]

Invasion of Gujarat

On question of succession of state of Idar, Sultan of Gujarat, Muzaffar Shah, and Maharana supported rival claimants. Sanga established Raimal on the Idar throne. Sultan sent an army to install his rival Bharmal on the throne. Rana himself arrived in Idar and sultan's army was beaten back. Rana pursued the gujarati army and plundered towns of Ahmadnagar and Visnagar of Gujarat, he chased the Sultan's army as far as Ahmedabad.[8]

War with Ibrahim Lodi

Ibrahim Lodi after hearing the news of encroachments by Maharana Sanga on his territory prepared an army and marched against Mewar in 1517. Rana with his army met Lodi at Khatoli on borders of Hadoti in ensuing Battle at Khatoli Lodi army suffered serious reverses and fled. One Lodi prince was captured and imprisoned. Rana himself was wounded in the battle.[9][10]

Ibrahim Lodi to avenge his earlier defeat sent an army under his commander against Rana. Rana again routed Lodi army near Dholpur. Rana's army pursued the Lodis upto Bayana. In the aftermath of these victories Rana annexed area upto Fatehpur Sikri, within strike of Lodi capital of Agra. All the part of Malwa which were usurped by Lodis from Malwa Sultans were annexed by Rana including Chanderi. Chanderi was bestowed to Medini Rai by Sanga.[3]

Struggle with Babur

Following the victory of Babur over the Lodhi Dynasty, Sangram Singh gathered a coalition of Rajputs from the kingdoms of Rajasthan. They were joined by Muslim Rajputs from Mewat and Afghans under Mahmud Lodhi, the son of Sikandar Lodhi of Delhi. This alliance fought against Babur in the Battle of Khanwa to expel Babur from India. The Rana attacked the Mughal advance guard on 21 February 1527 and completely decimated it. Reinfocements sent by Babur met the same fate.[citation needed]

The battle of Khanwa turned into a disaster for the Rana when Silhadi defected; the Mughal victory was decisive and turned out to become Rana Sangas first and last defeat.

Death

Rana Sanga wanted to prepare another army and fight Babur. However, on 30 January 1528, Sanga died in Chittor, apparently poisoned by his own chiefs who held his plans of renewing the fight with Babur to be suicidal.[11][page needed]

It is suggested that had there not been the cannons of Babur, Sanga might have achieved a historic victory against Babur.[12] The historian Pradeep Barua notes that Babur's cannons had put an end to the outdated trends in Indian warfare.[12]

Legacy

Sanga was last medieval ruler to unite all the powers under one flag to fight the invaders by uniting all Rajput states and fought against foreign invaders despite loosing one eye, one hand and with close to 80 wounds on his body.[13] Though He lost to Babur in his last battle, his courage continued to inspire many including his grandson Maharana Pratap.[14]

Rana Sanga Territories includes Much of Today's Rajasthan,Norther part of Gujrat,Half Madhya pradesh,Western parts of Uttar Pradesh,Parts of Southern Punjab too.Rajputs Under Him were threatening to revive their powers In Northern India again.He was a head of Powerful Confederacy which was threatening the whole muslim position in Northern India[15].

His rule is often said as Golden age Of Mewar in both power and prosperity.

Rajputs streangth reached its Zenith at beginning of the 16th century Under him,But was defeated in a fierce battle Against Mughal invader Babur.It is largely from that Period of Rajasthan's history that the romantic view of Rajputs as Valiant warrior Is derived.

See also

References

  1. ^ "All you need to know about the fierce Rajput king Rana Sanga". India Today. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
  2. ^ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 116–117. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
  3. ^ a b "Maharana Sanga; the Hindupat, the last great leader of the Rajput race : Sarda, Har Bilas, Diwan Bahadur, 1867-1955 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming". Internet Archive. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
  4. ^ Chandra, Satish (2004) [1997]. Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526). Vol. 1 (Revised ed.). Har-Anand Publications. p. 224. ISBN 978-8-12411-064-5.
  5. ^ A Comprehensive History of India: Comprehensive history of medieval India p107.
  6. ^ Chandra, Satish (2007). History of Medieval India: 800-1700. Orient BlackSwan. pp. 174–75. ISBN 978-81-250-3226-7.
  7. ^ Sharma, Gopinath. Rajasthan ka Itihas. p. 213. ISBN 9788193009390.
  8. ^ Hooja, Rima (2006). A History of Rajasthan. Rupa Publication. pp. 450–451.
  9. ^ Chandra, Satish (2004). Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526) - Part One. Har-Anand Publications. ISBN 978-81-241-1064-5.
  10. ^ Duff's Chronology of India, p. 271 Archived 8 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  11. ^ Chandra, Satish (2006). Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals (1206-1526). 2. Har-Anand Publications.
  12. ^ a b Barua, Pradeep (2005). The State at War in South Asia. University of Nebraska Press. pp. 33–34. ISBN 978-0-80321-344-9.
  13. ^ "Maharana Sanga; the Hindupat, the last great leader of the Rajput race : Sarda, Har Bilas, Diwan Bahadur, 1867-1955 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming". Internet Archive. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
  14. ^ "All you need to know about the fierce Rajput king Rana Sanga". India Today. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
  15. ^ "Babur | Biography & Achievements". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 23 August 2020.

Bibliography

Bahadur), Har Bilas Sarda (Diwan (1970). Maharana Sāngā, the Hindupat: The Last Great Leader of the Rajput Race. Kumar Bros.

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