Bidentate yellow-eared bat: Difference between revisions
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The '''bidentate yellow-eared bat''' (''Vampyriscus bidens'') is a species of [[bat]] in the family [[leaf-nosed bat|Phyllostomidae]], |
The '''bidentate yellow-eared bat''' (''Vampyriscus bidens'') is a species of [[bat]] in the family [[leaf-nosed bat|Phyllostomidae]], native to [[South America]]. Formerly classified in the ''[[Vampyressa]] genus'', phylogenetic analyses support its inclusion in ''[[Vampyriscus]]''.<ref>Hoofer, S. R. & Baker, R. J. (2006). [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.363.9644&rep=rep1&type=pdf Molecular systematics of Vampyressine bats (Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae) with comparison of direct and indirect surveys of mitochondrial DNA variation.] ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'', 39(2), 424-438.</ref><ref>Hoofer, S. R., et al. (2008). [http://www.nsrl.ttu.edu/personnel/RJBaker/Publications/360-Phyllogenetic_rltnshps_of_vampyressine_bats_-_Hoofer_et_al_2008.pdf Phylogenetic relationships of vampyressine bats and allies (Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae) based on DNA sequences of a nuclear intron (TSHB-I2).]{{Dead link|date=July 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'', 47(2), 870-876.</ref> |
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==Description== |
==Description== |
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Small in size, it measures only {{convert|5|to|6|cm|abbr=on}} in head-body length, and weighs approximately {{convert|12|g|abbr=on}}. Males are larger than females. The fur is pale to dark brown over most of the body, becoming slightly paler on the neck and shoulders, and fading to greyish on the underparts. There are white stripes on each side of the face; a broader one above the eyes, and a narrower, less distinct one, running along the cheek. The borders and [[tragus (ear)|tragus]] of the ears, and also the margins of the nose-leaf, are bright yellow.<ref name=Lee2001>{{cite journal | author = Lee, T.E. Jr. | author2 = Scott, J.B. | author3 = Marcum, M.M. | last-author-amp = yes | year = 2001 | title = ''Vampyressa bidens'' | journal = Mammalian Species | volume = 684 | pages = Number 684: pp. 1–3 | doi = 10.1644/1545-1410(2001)684<0001:VB>2.0.CO;2}}</ref> |
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The bat has a short, broad, muzzle, with a prominent, spear-like, nose-leaf. The "bidentate" part of the name refers to the fact that there are normally only a single pair of [[incisor]]s in the lower jaw, whereas all other yellow-eared bats have two pairs. However, this is not true of all individuals, some of which do have two pairs of lower incisors like their relatives.<ref name=Davis1975>{{cite journal | author = Davis, W.B. | year = 1975 | title = Individual and sexual variation in ''Vampyressa bidens'' | journal = Journal of Mammalogy | volume = 56 | issue = 1 | pages = 262–265 | doi = 10.2307/1379634| jstor = 1379634 }}</ref> |
The bat has a short, broad, muzzle, with a prominent, spear-like, nose-leaf. The "bidentate" part of the name refers to the fact that there are normally only a single pair of [[incisor]]s in the lower jaw, whereas all other yellow-eared bats have two pairs. However, this is not true of all individuals, some of which do have two pairs of lower incisors like their relatives.<ref name=Davis1975>{{cite journal | author = Davis, W.B. | year = 1975 | title = Individual and sexual variation in ''Vampyressa bidens'' | journal = Journal of Mammalogy | volume = 56 | issue = 1 | pages = 262–265 | doi = 10.2307/1379634| jstor = 1379634 }}</ref> |
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Revision as of 07:01, 2 September 2020
| Bidentate yellow-eared bat | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Chiroptera |
| Family: | Phyllostomidae |
| Genus: | Vampyriscus |
| Species: | V. bidens
|
| Binomial name | |
| Vampyriscus bidens Dobson, 1878
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| |
| Synonyms | |
|
Vampyressa bidens | |
The bidentate yellow-eared bat (Vampyriscus bidens) is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae, native to South America. Formerly classified in the Vampyressa genus, phylogenetic analyses support its inclusion in Vampyriscus.[2][3]
Description
Small in size, it measures only 5 to 6 cm (2.0 to 2.4 in) in head-body length, and weighs approximately 12 g (0.42 oz). Males are larger than females. The fur is pale to dark brown over most of the body, becoming slightly paler on the neck and shoulders, and fading to greyish on the underparts. There are white stripes on each side of the face; a broader one above the eyes, and a narrower, less distinct one, running along the cheek. The borders and tragus of the ears, and also the margins of the nose-leaf, are bright yellow.[4]
The bat has a short, broad, muzzle, with a prominent, spear-like, nose-leaf. The "bidentate" part of the name refers to the fact that there are normally only a single pair of incisors in the lower jaw, whereas all other yellow-eared bats have two pairs. However, this is not true of all individuals, some of which do have two pairs of lower incisors like their relatives.[5]
Distribution and habitat
The bidentate yellow-eared bat is distributed throughout much of northern South America east of the Andes, including eastern Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, southern Venezuela, northern Bolivia and Brazil, and throughout the Guyanas.[6] It lives in lowland evergreen forests and swampland between 200 and 1,000 m (660 and 3,280 ft) elevation.[4]
Biology
The bidentate yellow-eared bat is herbivorous, feeding on fruit such as figs.[4] It is nocturnal, but flies more often at dusk than before dawn,[7] and during the day it roosts in trees. Young are born in the rainy season.[6]
References
- ^ Sampaio, E.; Lim, B.; Peters, S. (2016). "Vampyriscus bidens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22837A22059000. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T22837A22059000.en.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|last-author-amp=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Hoofer, S. R. & Baker, R. J. (2006). Molecular systematics of Vampyressine bats (Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae) with comparison of direct and indirect surveys of mitochondrial DNA variation. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 39(2), 424-438.
- ^ Hoofer, S. R., et al. (2008). Phylogenetic relationships of vampyressine bats and allies (Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae) based on DNA sequences of a nuclear intron (TSHB-I2).[permanent dead link] Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 47(2), 870-876.
- ^ a b c Lee, T.E. Jr.; Scott, J.B.; Marcum, M.M. (2001). "Vampyressa bidens". Mammalian Species. 684: Number 684: pp. 1–3. doi:10.1644/1545-1410(2001)684<0001:VB>2.0.CO;2.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|last-author-amp=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Davis, W.B. (1975). "Individual and sexual variation in Vampyressa bidens". Journal of Mammalogy. 56 (1): 262–265. doi:10.2307/1379634. JSTOR 1379634.
- ^ a b Sampaio, E., Lim, B. & Peters, S. 2008. Vampyriscus bidens. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 02 March 2016.
- ^ Davis, W.B.; Dixon, J.R. (1976). "Activity of bats in a small village clearing near Iquitos, Peru". Journal of Mammalogy. 57 (4): 747–749. doi:10.2307/1379444. JSTOR 1379444.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|lastauthoramp=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help)