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Revision as of 10:17, 24 September 2020

Statistics in the European Union are collected by Eurostat (European statistics body).

Area and population

EU and UK population cartogram

As of 1 January 2006, the population of the EU was about 493 million people, although in 2020 the EU lost over 10% of its population as a result of the UK leaving the bloc.[1] Many countries are expected to experience a decline in population over the coming decades,[2] though this could be offset with new countries planning to join the EU within the next 20 years. The most populous member state is Germany, with an estimated 80.4 million people. France and Ireland have the highest birth-rates.[3] The most densely populated country is the island of Malta, which is also the smallest, while the largest in area is France. The least densely populated country is Finland.

Population figures in the table below are from 2006 or 2007 estimates. The highest and lowest figures in each column have been marked in bold.

Member State Population
in millions		 Population
 % of EU 		Area
km2		 Area
% of EU 		Pop. density
People/km2
 European Union 494.8 100% 4,422,773 100% 112
 Austria 8.3 1.7% 83,858 1.9% 99
 Belgium 10.5 2.1% 30,510 0.7% 344
 Bulgaria 7.7 1.6% 110,912 2.5% 70
 Croatia 4.3 0.9% 56,594 1.3% 75.8
 Cyprus 0.8 0.2% 9,250 0.2% 84
 Czech Republic 10.3 2.1% 78,866 1.8% 131
 Denmark 5.4 1.1% 43,094 1.0% 126
 Estonia 1.3 0.3% 45,226 1.0% 29
 Finland 5.3 1.1% 337,030 7.6% 16
 France[4] 65.03 13.% 643,548 14.6% 111
 Germany 80.4 16.6% 357,021 8.1% 225
 Greece 11.1 2.2% 131,940 3.0% 84
 Hungary 10.1 2.0% 93,030 2.1% 108
 Ireland 4.6 0.9% 70,280 1.6% 60
 Italy 58.8 11.9% 301,320 6.8% 195
 Latvia 2.3 0.5% 64,589 1.5% 35
 Lithuania 3.4 0.7% 65,200 1.5% 45
 Luxembourg 0.5 0.1% 2,586 0.1% 181
 Malta 0.4 0.1% 316 0.0007% 1,261
 Netherlands 17 3.3% 41,526 0.9% 394
 Poland 38.1 7.7% 312,685 7.1% 122
 Portugal 10.6 2.1% 92,931 2.1% 114
 Romania 21.6 4.4% 238,391 5.4% 91
 Spain 44.7 9.0% 504,782 11.4% 87
 Slovakia 5.4 1.1% 48,845 1.1% 111
 Slovenia 2.0 0.4% 20,253 0.5% 99
 Sweden 10 1.8% 449,964 10.2% 20

Economy

For statistics relating to economy, please see Economy of the European Union.

EU budget

The primary resource for funding the European Union is the contributions sought from member states. Each member state contributes to the EU budget, and receives funding back from the EU, depending on the relative wealth of the states, i.e. their ability to pay.

The table below shows the contributions as a percentage of the total budget. This takes into account the special considerations given to the United Kingdom to reduce its contribution through a rebate. Expenditure in Luxembourg, Belgium and France include items for the EU administrative centres in each of those countries.

Member State Total contribution
in Euro 		Total contribution
as % of total EU budget 		Total expenditure
year 2006 in Euro 		Total expenditure
as % of total EU budget 		Net contribution
in Euro 		Net contribution
in Euro per capita 		Total contribution
in Euro per capita
 European Union 105,259,468,772 100.00% 106,575,500,000 100.00% -1,316,031,228 -3 213
 Germany 22,218,438,941 21.11% 12,242,400,000 11.49% 9,976,038,941 124 276
 France 17,303,107,859 16.44% 13,496,200,000 12.66% 3,806,907,859 59 266
 Italy 14,359,479,157 13.64% 10,922,300,000 10.25% 3,437,179,157 58 244
 United Kingdom 13,739,900,046 13.05% 8,294,200,000 7.78% 5,445,700,046 90 226
 Spain 8,957,286,488 8.51% 12,883,000,000 12.09% -3,925,713,512 -88 200
 Netherlands 5,552,933,781 5.28% 2,190,400,000 2.06% 3,362,533,781 198 327
 Belgium 4,035,286,807 3.83% 5,625,100,000 5.28% -1,589,813,193 -151 384
 Sweden 2,832,862,800 2.69% 1,573,400,000 1.48% 1,259,462,800 126 283
 Austria 2,308,432,030 2.19% 1,830,100,000 1.72% 478,332,030 58 278
 Denmark 2,130,860,212 2.02% 1,501,900,000 1.41% 628,960,212 116 395
 Poland 2,099,087,114 1.99% 5,305,600,000 4.98% -3,206,512,886 -84 55
 Greece 1,882,611,879 1.79% 6,833,700,000 6.41% -4,951,088,121 -446 170
 Finland 1,544,832,284 1.47% 1,280,400,000 1.20% 264,432,284 50 291
 Portugal 1,443,049,602 1.37% 3,634,800,000 3.41% -2,191,750,398 -207 136
 Ireland 1,341,281,313 1.27% 2,461,800,000 2.31% -1,120,518,687 -244 292
 Hungary 1,003,119,411 0.95% 1,842,200,000 1.73% -839,080,589 -83 99
 Czech Republic 932,392,859 0.89% 1,330,000,000 1.25% -397,607,141 -39 91
 Slovakia 393,148,777 0.37% 696,200,000 0.65% -303,051,223 -56 73
 Slovenia 299,993,572 0.29% 406,000,000 0.38% -106,006,428 -53 150
 Luxembourg 241,439,011 0.23% 1,194,800,000 1.12% -953,360,989 -1,907 483
 Lithuania 221,997,405 0.21% 799,800,000 0.75% -577,802,595 -170 65
 Cyprus 144,556,416 0.14% 239,600,000 0.22% -95,043,584 -119 181
 Latvia 115,205,431 0.11% 402,600,000 0.24% -287,394,569 -125 50
 Estonia 100,756,308 0.10% 300,000,000 0.28% -199,243,692 -142 72
 Malta 57,409,269 0.05% 157,000,000 0.14% -99,590,731 -249 144
 Bulgaria 360,600,000 0.34% -360,600,000 -47
 Romania 693,100,000 0.65% -693,100,000 -32

There are many indices available on issues such as corruption, development, and freedom. The rankings below include all EU member states and EU candidates with the exception of Turkey, cause their accession negotiations have stalled since 2016.

Freedom of the press

EU
Rank		 Member State Global
Rank
1  Norway 1
2  Finland 2
3  Denmark 3
4  Sweden 5
5  Netherlands 6
6  Switzerland 8
7  Portugal 10
8  Germany 11
9  Belgium 12
10  Ireland 13
11  Estonia 14
12  Iceland 15
13  Luxembourg 17
14  Austria 18
15  Latvia 22
16  Cyprus 27
17  Lithuania 28
EU
Rank		 Member State Global
Rank
18  Spain 29
19  Slovenia 32
20  Slovakia 33
21  France 34
22  Czech Republic 40
23  Italy 41
24  Romania 48
25  Croatia 59
26  Poland 62
27  Greece 65
28  Malta 81
29  Albania 85
30  Hungary 89
31  North Macedonia 92
32  Serbia 93
33  Montenegro 105
34  Bulgaria 111

Reporters sans frontières (Reporters Without Borders) conducts an annual survey on the freedom of the press and produces scores (not shown here) for each country, resulting in the Press Freedom Index. In 2019 and 2020, Finland was proclaimed as having the freest press in the European Union, and the second in the world behind Norway. Bulgaria was ranked as having the least free press in the European Union in 2019 and 2020.[5]

Colour Codes
Good Situation
Satisfactory Situation
Noticeable problems
Difficult situation

Economic freedom

EU
Rank		 Member State Global
Rank
1  Switzerland 5
2  Ireland 6
3  Denmark 8
4  Estonia 10
5  Iceland 13
6  Netherlands 14
7  Lithuania 16
8  Luxembourg 19
9  Finland 20
10  Sweden 22
11  Czech Republic 23
12  Germany 27
13  Norway 28
14  Austria 29
15  Latvia 32
16  Bulgaria 36
17  Cyprus 37
EU
Rank		 Member State Global
Rank
18  Romania 38
19  North Macedonia 41
20  Malta 42
21  Poland 46
22  Belgium 48
23  Slovenia 52
24  Portugal 56
25  Albania 57
26  Spain 58
27  Slovakia 60
28  Hungary 62
29  France 64
30  Serbia 65
31  Italy 74
32  Croatia 84
33  Montenegro 91
34  Greece 100

An index of Economic Freedom is produced by the Wall Street Journal and the Heritage Foundation. It uses 50 different variables to compile the survey, in areas such as trade policy and government intervention.

A similar index produced by the World Economic Forum is its Global Competitiveness Index.

Source: 2020 Index of Economic Freedom.

Colour Codes
Free
Mostly Free
Moderately Free
Moderately Unfree

Perception of corruption

EU
Rank		 Member State Global
Rank
1  Denmark 1
2  Finland 3
3  Sweden 4
4  Netherlands 8
5  Luxembourg 9
6  Germany 9
7  Austria 12
8  Belgium 17
9  Estonia =18
10  Ireland =18
11  France 23
12  Portugal =30
13  Spain =30
14  Slovenia =35
15  Lithuania =35
16  Cyprus =41
EU
Rank		 Member State Global
Rank
17  Poland =41
18  Czech Republic =44
19  Latvia =44
20  Malta 50
21  Italy 51
22  Slovakia 59
23  Greece 60
24  Croatia 63
25  Montenegro 66
26  Romania =70
27  Hungary =70
28  Bulgaria 74
29  Serbia 91
30  North Macedonia =106
31  Albania =106

Transparency International is an international NGO publishing an annual Global Corruption Report indicating the perception of corruption around the world. The rankings of the table refer to the Corruption Perceptions Index 2019 [1]. A high ranking means low corruption.

List of EU members and EU candidate countries by GDP (nominal) per capita

EU
Rank		 Member State GDP
per capita
1  Luxembourg 113,196
2  Ireland 77,771
3  Denmark 59,795
4  Netherlands 59,795
5  Sweden 51,241
6  Austria 50,022
7  Finland 48,868
8  Germany 46,563
9  Belgium 45,175
10  France 41,760
11  Italy 32,946
12  Malta 30,650
13  Spain 29,961
14  Cyprus 27,719
15  Slovenia 26.170
16  Estonia 23,523
EU
Rank		 Member State GDP
per capita
17  Czech Republic 23,213
18  Portugal 23,030
19  Greece 19,974
20  Slovakia 19,547
21  Lithuania 19,266
22  Latvia 18,171
23  Hungary 17,463
24  Croatia 14,949
25  Poland 14,901
26  Romania 12,482
27  Bulgaria 9,518
28  Montenegro 8,703
29  Serbia 7,397
30  North Macedonia 6,096
31  Albania 5,372

These GDP estimations based on "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019". World Economic Outlook. International Monetary Fund. October 2019. Retrieved 1 January 2020. All data are in current United States dollars.

Colour Codes
EU members
EU candidates

Human development

EU
Rank		 Member State Global
Rank
1  Ireland 3
2  Germany 4
3  Sweden 8
4  Netherlands 10
5  Denmark 11
6  Finland 12
7  Belgium 17
8  Austria 20
9  Luxembourg 21
10  Slovenia 24
11  Spain 25
12  France 26
13  Czech Republic 26
14  Malta 28
15  Italy 29
16  Estonia 30
EU
Rank		 Member State Global
Rank
17  Cyprus 31
18  Greece 32
19  Poland 32
20  Lithuania 34
21  Slovakia 36
22  Latvia 39
23  Portugal 40
24  Hungary 43
25  Croatia 46
26  Romania 52
27  Bulgaria 52
28  Montenegro 52
29  Serbia 63
30  Albania 69
31  North Macedonia 82

The Human Development Index is a measure produced by the United Nations which covers three aspects of human development:

The rankings of the table refer to the UNDP Human Development Report 2019 (2018 data). The UN lists all EU member states as countries with very high human development.

Colour Codes
Very High Human Development
High Human Development

Ease of doing business

EU
Rank		 Member State Global
Rank
1  Denmark 4
2  Sweden 10
3  Lithuania 11
4  North Macedonia 18
5  Estonia 18
6  Latvia 19
7  Finland 20
8  Germany 22
9  Ireland 24
10  Austria 27
11  Spain 30
12  France 32
13  Slovenia 37
14  Portugal 39
15  Poland 40
16  Czech Republic 41
EU
Rank		 Member State Global
Rank
17  Netherlands 42
18  Serbia 44
19  Slovakia 45
20  Belgium 46
21  Montenegro 50
22  Croatia 51
23  Hungary 52
24  Cyprus 54
25  Romania 55
26  Italy 58
27  Bulgaria 61
28  Luxembourg 72
29  Greece 79
30  Albania 82
31  Malta 88

The Ease of Doing Business Index is created by the World Bank and based on the study of laws and regulations, with the input and verification by more than 3,500 government officials, lawyers, business consultants, accountants and other professionals who routinely advise on or administer legal and regulatory requirements.

The data in the table are from the 2020 report.[6]

Colour Codes
Very Easy
Easy

Income equality

EU
Rank		 Member State Global
Rank
1  Denmark 2
2  Sweden 4
3  Czech Republic 5
4  Slovakia 6
5  Hungary 10
=  Finland 10
7  Germany 14
8  Slovenia 15
9  Austria 18
10  Bulgaria 19
11  Netherlands 25
12  Romania 26
EU
Rank		 Member State Global
Rank
13  France 32
14  Belgium 33
15  Greece 40
=  Ireland 40
17  Poland 44
18  Spain 47
19  Estonia 50
20  Lithuania 51
21  Italy 51
22  Latvia 57
23  Portugal 59

Income inequality, measured by the gini coefficient is how evenly incomes are distributed through the population. Denmark has the least income inequality with a gini coefficient score of 24.4, whilst Portugal has the most income inequality with a score of 38.5. Malta, Luxembourg, and Cyprus have no statistics available, and so are not included in this table. These statistics have been compiled by the United Nations (see [2])

See also

References

  1. ^ "Total Population as of 01.01.06 Archived 6 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine", EUROSTAT. Retrieved 12 November 2006.
  2. ^ "The EU's baby blues", BBC News, 27 March 2006. Retrieved 10 July 2006.
  3. ^ "France claims EU fertility crown ", BBC News, 16 January 2007. Retrieved 10 February 2007.
  4. ^ Figures for France include the four overseas departments (French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Réunion) which are integral parts of the European Union, but do not include the overseas collectivities and territories, which are not part of the European Union. Figures for Metropolitan France proper are: population 63.6 million, area 551 695 km², and population density 113/km².
  5. ^ World Press Freedom Index 2019 and World Press Freedom Index 2020, Reporters Without Borders
  6. ^ http://www.doingbusiness.org/rankings/
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