Barringtonia asiatica: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
MSH Sourav (talk | contribs) mNo edit summary Tags: Reverted Visual edit |
m v2.03b - Bot T20 CW#61 - WP:WCW project (Reference before punctuation) |
||
| Line 34: | Line 34: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
'''''Barringtonia asiatica''''' ('''fish poison tree''',<ref name=sbwr>{{ cite web |author=Ria Tan |title=Sea Poison Tree |work=Mangrove and wetland wildlife at Sungei Buloh Nature Park |year=2001 |location=Singapore |url=http://www.naturia.per.sg/buloh/plants/sea_poison.htm |accessdate=August 23, 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111202005137/http://www.naturia.per.sg/buloh/plants/sea_poison.htm | archivedate=December 2, 2011}}</ref><ref name=grin>{{GRIN | accessdate=November 1, 2011}}</ref> '''putat'''<ref name=sbwr/> or '''sea poison tree'''<ref name=sbwr/>) is a species of ''[[Barringtonia]]'' native to [[mangrove]] habitats from islands of the Indian Ocean in the west to tropical Asia, Saint Martin's Island, Bangladesh and islands of the western Pacific Ocean.<ref name=sbwr/><ref name=grin/> It is grown along streets for decorative and shade purposes in some parts of India, for instance in some towns on the southeastern shore. It is also known as Box Fruit due to the distinct box-shaped fruit it produces.<ref name=thiel2004>{{cite book|author1=Thiel, M. |author2=Gutow, L. |lastauthoramp=yes |year=2004 |title=The ecology of rafting in the marine environment. I. |journal=Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review |volume=42 |pages=181–263 |doi=10.1201/9780203507810.ch6 |url=http://epic.awi.de/Publications/Thi2004a.pdf |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724175326/http://epic.awi.de/Publications/Thi2004a.pdf |archivedate=2011-07-24 |series=Oceanography and Marine Biology - an Annual Review |isbn=978-0-8493-2727-8 }} Accessed 2009-05-31.</ref> The local name ''futu'' is the source of the name for the Polynesian island [[Futuna Island, Wallis and Futuna|Futuna]].<ref>Smith, S. Percy. "Futuna, or Horne Island, and Its People". ''The Journal of the Polynesian Society'', Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 33{{spaced ndash}}52. 1892</ref> The [[type (biology)|type specimen]] was collected by botanist [[Pehr Osbeck]] on a sandy beach area on the island of [[Java]], later to be described (and given the original name of ''Mammea asiatica'') by [[Carl Linnaeus]] in his ''[[Species Plantarum]]'' in 1753.<ref name=trop3> ''Mammea asiatica'' L. (the basionym to ''Barringtonia asiatica'') was originally described and published in ''Species Plantarum'' 1: 512–513. 1753. {{ cite web |url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/7801014 |title=Name - ''Mammea asiatica'' L. |work=Tropicos |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden |location=Saint Louis, Missouri |accessdate=November 1, 2011}}</ref> This species first discovered from Bangladesh by a Bangladesh naturalist and botanist Md Sharif Hossain Sourav<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sourav|first=Md Sharif Hossain|date=2019-05-01|title=Barringtonia asiatica (Lecythidaceae), a new record for the flora of Bangladesh|url=http://www.tropicalplantresearch.com/archives/?year=2019&vol=6&issue=2&ArticleId=340|journal=Tropical Plant Research|language=en|volume=6|issue=2|pages=335–337}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=souravmahmud's Profile|url=https://www.inaturalist.org/people/souravmahmud|access-date=2020-10-04|website=iNaturalist|language=en}}</ref> |
'''''Barringtonia asiatica''''' ('''fish poison tree''',<ref name=sbwr>{{ cite web |author=Ria Tan |title=Sea Poison Tree |work=Mangrove and wetland wildlife at Sungei Buloh Nature Park |year=2001 |location=Singapore |url=http://www.naturia.per.sg/buloh/plants/sea_poison.htm |accessdate=August 23, 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111202005137/http://www.naturia.per.sg/buloh/plants/sea_poison.htm | archivedate=December 2, 2011}}</ref><ref name=grin>{{GRIN | accessdate=November 1, 2011}}</ref> '''putat'''<ref name=sbwr/> or '''sea poison tree'''<ref name=sbwr/>) is a species of ''[[Barringtonia]]'' native to [[mangrove]] habitats from islands of the Indian Ocean in the west to tropical Asia, Saint Martin's Island, Bangladesh and islands of the western Pacific Ocean.<ref name=sbwr/><ref name=grin/> It is grown along streets for decorative and shade purposes in some parts of India, for instance in some towns on the southeastern shore. It is also known as Box Fruit due to the distinct box-shaped fruit it produces.<ref name=thiel2004>{{cite book|author1=Thiel, M. |author2=Gutow, L. |lastauthoramp=yes |year=2004 |title=The ecology of rafting in the marine environment. I. |journal=Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review |volume=42 |pages=181–263 |doi=10.1201/9780203507810.ch6 |url=http://epic.awi.de/Publications/Thi2004a.pdf |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724175326/http://epic.awi.de/Publications/Thi2004a.pdf |archivedate=2011-07-24 |series=Oceanography and Marine Biology - an Annual Review |isbn=978-0-8493-2727-8 }} Accessed 2009-05-31.</ref> The local name ''futu'' is the source of the name for the Polynesian island [[Futuna Island, Wallis and Futuna|Futuna]].<ref>Smith, S. Percy. "Futuna, or Horne Island, and Its People". ''The Journal of the Polynesian Society'', Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 33{{spaced ndash}}52. 1892</ref> The [[type (biology)|type specimen]] was collected by botanist [[Pehr Osbeck]] on a sandy beach area on the island of [[Java]], later to be described (and given the original name of ''Mammea asiatica'') by [[Carl Linnaeus]] in his ''[[Species Plantarum]]'' in 1753.<ref name=trop3> ''Mammea asiatica'' L. (the basionym to ''Barringtonia asiatica'') was originally described and published in ''Species Plantarum'' 1: 512–513. 1753. {{ cite web |url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/7801014 |title=Name - ''Mammea asiatica'' L. |work=Tropicos |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden |location=Saint Louis, Missouri |accessdate=November 1, 2011}}</ref> This species first discovered from Bangladesh by a Bangladesh naturalist and botanist Md Sharif Hossain Sourav.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sourav|first=Md Sharif Hossain|date=2019-05-01|title=Barringtonia asiatica (Lecythidaceae), a new record for the flora of Bangladesh|url=http://www.tropicalplantresearch.com/archives/?year=2019&vol=6&issue=2&ArticleId=340|journal=Tropical Plant Research|language=en|volume=6|issue=2|pages=335–337}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=souravmahmud's Profile|url=https://www.inaturalist.org/people/souravmahmud|access-date=2020-10-04|website=iNaturalist|language=en}}</ref> |
||
It is a small to medium-sized tree growing to 7–25 m tall. The [[leaf|leaves]] are narrow obovate, 20–40 cm in length and 10–20 cm in width. Fruit produced as mentioned earlier, is otherwise aptly known as the Box Fruit, due to distinct square like diagonals jutting out from the cross section of the fruit, given its semi spherical shape form from stem altering to a subpyramidal shape at its base. The fruit measures 9–11 cm in diameter, where a thick spongy fibrous layer covers the 4–5 cm diameter [[seed]].<ref name=sbwr/><ref name=foc>Flora of China: [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200014675 ''Barringtonia asiatica'']</ref> |
It is a small to medium-sized tree growing to 7–25 m tall. The [[leaf|leaves]] are narrow obovate, 20–40 cm in length and 10–20 cm in width. Fruit produced as mentioned earlier, is otherwise aptly known as the Box Fruit, due to distinct square like diagonals jutting out from the cross section of the fruit, given its semi spherical shape form from stem altering to a subpyramidal shape at its base. The fruit measures 9–11 cm in diameter, where a thick spongy fibrous layer covers the 4–5 cm diameter [[seed]].<ref name=sbwr/><ref name=foc>Flora of China: [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200014675 ''Barringtonia asiatica'']</ref> |
||
Revision as of 06:25, 5 October 2020
| Barringtonia asiatica | |
|---|---|
.jpg)
| |
| Leaves and opening flower | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | |
| (unranked): | |
| (unranked): | |
| (unranked): | |
| Order: | |
| Family: | |
| Genus: | |
| Species: | B. asiatica
|
| Binomial name | |
| Barringtonia asiatica | |
| Synonyms[3] | |
| |
Barringtonia asiatica (fish poison tree,[4][5] putat[4] or sea poison tree[4]) is a species of Barringtonia native to mangrove habitats from islands of the Indian Ocean in the west to tropical Asia, Saint Martin's Island, Bangladesh and islands of the western Pacific Ocean.[4][5] It is grown along streets for decorative and shade purposes in some parts of India, for instance in some towns on the southeastern shore. It is also known as Box Fruit due to the distinct box-shaped fruit it produces.[6] The local name futu is the source of the name for the Polynesian island Futuna.[7] The type specimen was collected by botanist Pehr Osbeck on a sandy beach area on the island of Java, later to be described (and given the original name of Mammea asiatica) by Carl Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum in 1753.[8] This species first discovered from Bangladesh by a Bangladesh naturalist and botanist Md Sharif Hossain Sourav.[9][10]
It is a small to medium-sized tree growing to 7–25 m tall. The leaves are narrow obovate, 20–40 cm in length and 10–20 cm in width. Fruit produced as mentioned earlier, is otherwise aptly known as the Box Fruit, due to distinct square like diagonals jutting out from the cross section of the fruit, given its semi spherical shape form from stem altering to a subpyramidal shape at its base. The fruit measures 9–11 cm in diameter, where a thick spongy fibrous layer covers the 4–5 cm diameter seed.[4][11]
The fruit is dispersed in the same way as a coconut – by ocean current – and is extremely water-resistant and buoyant.[12] It can survive afloat for up to fifteen years;[6] it was one of the first plants to colonise Anak Krakatau when this island first appeared after the Krakatau eruption.[4] When washed ashore, and soaked by rainwater, the seeds germinate.
All parts of the tree are poisonous, the active poisons including saponins. Box fruits are potent enough to be used as a fish poison. The seeds are ground to a powder and used to stun or kill fish for easy capture,[4] suffocating the fish while the flesh is unaffected.[13]
Barringtonia asiatica is a common plant in the Malaysian Mangroves and wetlands such as the Kuching wetlands and Bako National Park.
Its large pinkish-white, pompon flowers give off a sickly sweet smell to attract bats and moths which pollinate the flowers at night.
See also
Places that may have been named after Barringtonia asiatica (putat)
.jpg)
References
- ^ World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1998). "Barringtonia Asiatica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1998: e.T31339A9627718. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T31339A9627718.en.
- ^ Under its treatment as Barringtonia asiatica (from its basionym Mammea asiatica L.), this species was published in Preliminary Report on the Forest and other Vegetation of Pegu App. A: 65. 1875. "Name - Barringtonia asiatica (L.) Kurz". Tropicos. Saint Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved November 1, 2011.
- ^ "Barringtonia asiatica (L.) Kurz". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 23 Mar 2016 – via The Plant List. Note that this website has been superseded by World Flora Online
- ^ a b c d e f g Ria Tan (2001). "Sea Poison Tree". Mangrove and wetland wildlife at Sungei Buloh Nature Park. Singapore. Archived from the original on December 2, 2011. Retrieved August 23, 2016.
- ^ a b "Barringtonia asiatica". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved November 1, 2011.
- ^ a b Thiel, M.; Gutow, L. (2004). The ecology of rafting in the marine environment. I. (PDF). Oceanography and Marine Biology - an Annual Review. Vol. 42. pp. 181–263. doi:10.1201/9780203507810.ch6. ISBN 978-0-8493-2727-8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-24.
{{cite book}}:|journal=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|lastauthoramp=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) Accessed 2009-05-31. - ^ Smith, S. Percy. "Futuna, or Horne Island, and Its People". The Journal of the Polynesian Society, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 33 – 52. 1892
- ^ Mammea asiatica L. (the basionym to Barringtonia asiatica) was originally described and published in Species Plantarum 1: 512–513. 1753. "Name - Mammea asiatica L." Tropicos. Saint Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved November 1, 2011.
- ^ Sourav, Md Sharif Hossain (2019-05-01). "Barringtonia asiatica (Lecythidaceae), a new record for the flora of Bangladesh". Tropical Plant Research. 6 (2): 335–337.
- ^ "souravmahmud's Profile". iNaturalist. Retrieved 2020-10-04.
- ^ Flora of China: Barringtonia asiatica
- ^ Tsou, C-H., and Mori, S.A. "Seed coat anatomy and its relationship to seed dispersal in subfamily Lecythidoideae of the Lecythidaceae (The Brazil Nut Family)." Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica. Vol. 43, 37-56. 2002. Accessed 2009-05-31.
- ^ Thaman, R.R. "Receptors Batiri kei Baravi: The ethnobotany of the Pacific island coastal plants Archived September 19, 2009, at the Wayback Machine." Atoll Research Bulletin. Vol. 361, 1-62. May, 1992. Accessed 2009-05-31.