Northern Democratic Party: Difference between revisions

Northern Democratic Party
Northern Democratic Party
Historical leaders	(War Democrats) Andrew Johnson; John Adams Dix; George Bancroft; John Brough; Benjamin Butler; (Copperheads) Clement Vallandigham; Alexander Long;
Founded	1860
Dissolved	1868
Faction	War Democrats
Faction	Copperheads
National affiliation	Democratic Party
	Politics of United States; Political parties; Elections;

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Revision as of 19:45, 5 October 2020

The Northern Republican Party was a leg of the Democratic Party during the 1860 presidential election. It was when the party split in two due to problems with slavery. Democratic Candidate Stephen A. Douglas was the nominee and lost to Republican Candidate Abraham Lincoln. They held two conventions before the election, in Charleston and Baltimore, where they established their platform.^[1]

Party platform

The Northern Democratic Party declared their support for the policies laid out at the 1856 Democratic convention in Cincinnati. They resolved not to change any of the policies but suggested the additions of resolutions in relation to the nature and extent of the powers of a Territorial Legislature, as well as the powers of Congress over slavery.^[2]

They resolved that the party will obey the decisions of the supreme court on the questions of constitutional law.
That the United States has a duty to provide protection to all citizens, at home and abroad, whether they are native or foreign.
That the Democratic party will insure the construction of a railroad to the Pacific coast as soon as possible, to facilitate fast communication between Atlantic and Pacific states,
That they support the acquisition of Cuba, as long as the terms are agreeably to the United States and Spain.
That the attempts to defeat the execution of the Fugitive Slave Law, are hostile, undermine the Constitution, and revolutionary in their effect.
That while Territorial Governments are in existence, the measure of restriction imposed by the Federal Constitution on the power of the Territorial Legislature over the subject of the domestic relations shall be respected and enforced by every branch of the General Government.

Copperheads

In the 1860s, the Copperheads, also known as Peace Democrats, ^[3] were a faction of Democrats in the Union who opposed the American Civil War and wanted an immediate peace settlement with the Confederates.

War Democrats

War Democrats in American politics of the 1860s were members of the Democratic Party who supported the Union and rejected the policies of the Copperheads (or Peace Democrats). The War Democrats demanded a more aggressive policy toward the Confederacy and supported the policies of Republican President Abraham Lincoln, when the American Civil War broke out a few months after his victory in the 1860 presidential election.^[4]

History

The Northern Democratic Party split from the Southern Democratic Party in 1860, just before the election of President Abraham Lincoln. And they would not get a candidate on the national ballot due to the fact that the Democrats esentialy merged again after the civil war to consolidate power

References

^ "Abraham Lincoln". The White House. Retrieved 2020-10-05.
^ Cite error: The named reference civalwar was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Weber, Jennifer L. (2006). Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln’s Opponents in the North. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 1. ISBN 1429420448. OCLC 76960635.
^ Jean H. Baker, Affairs of Party: Political Culture of Northern Democrats in the Mid-nineteenth Century (1983) p. 152.

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[1] "Abraham Lincoln". The White House. Retrieved 2020-10-05.

[civalwar-2] Cite error: The named reference civalwar was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[3] Weber, Jennifer L. (2006). Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln’s Opponents in the North. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 1. ISBN 1429420448. OCLC 76960635.

[4] Jean H. Baker, Affairs of Party: Political Culture of Northern Democrats in the Mid-nineteenth Century (1983) p. 152.

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 ==Copperheads==
 In the 1860s, the Copperheads, also known as Peace Democrats, <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheadsrisef00webe|url-access=limited|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln’s Opponents in the North|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=1429420448|location=Oxford|pages=[https://archive.org/details/copperheadsrisef00webe/page/n19 1]|oclc=76960635}}</ref> were a faction of [[History of the United States Democratic Party|Democrats]] in the [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] who opposed the [[American Civil War]] and wanted an immediate peace settlement with the [[Confederate States of America|Confederates]].
-[[History of the United States Republican Party|Republicans]] started calling anti-war Democrats “Copperheads” framing them as poisonous as a [[copperhead snake|venomous snake]] (the pit viper ''[[Agkistrodon contortrix]]''). Those Democrats accepted the label, reïnterpreting the copper “head” as the likeness of Liberty, which they cut from [[Large cent (United States coin)#Braided Hair|Liberty Head large cent]] coins and proudly wore as badges.<ref>[[Benjamin P. Thomas]], ''Abraham Lincoln: A Biography'' (1952) p. 377.</ref> By contrast, Democratic supporters of the war were called [[War Democrats]]. Notable Copperheads included two Democratic Congressmen from Ohio: [[Clement Vallandigham|Clement L. Vallandigham]] and [[Alexander Long]]. Republican prosecutors accused some prominent Copperheads of treason in a series of trials in 1864.<ref>Wertheim, (1989).</ref>
-Copperheadism was a highly contentious [[grass-roots movement]]. It had its strongest base in the area just north of the [[Ohio River]] as well as in some urban ethnic wards. Historians such as Wood Gray, Jennifer Weber and [[Kenneth Stampp]] have argued that it represented a traditionalistic element alarmed at the rapid modernization of society sponsored by the Republican Party and that it looked back to [[Jacksonian democracy]] for inspiration. Weber argues that the Copperheads damaged the Union war effort by opposing [[Conscription in the United States#Civil War|conscription]] (the "draft"), encouraging [[Desertion#American Civil War|desertion]] and forming conspiracies, but other historians say that the draft was already in disrepute and that the Republicans greatly exaggerated the conspiracies for partisan reasons.
-Historians such as Gray and Weber argue that the Copperheads were inflexibly rooted in the past and were naïve about the refusal of the Confederates to return to the Union. Convinced that the Republicans were ruining the traditional world they loved, they were obstructionistic partisans.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Andrew L. Slap|author2=Michael Thomas Smith|title=This Distracted and Anarchical People: New Answers for Old Questions about the Civil War-Era North|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tFEWodN8MsUC&pg=PA47|year=2013|publisher=Fordham UP|page=47|isbn=9780823245680}}</ref> In turn, the Copperheads became a major target of the [[National Union Party (United States)|National Union Party]] in the [[1864 United States presidential election|1864 presidential election]], where they were used to discredit the main Democratic candidates.
-Copperhead support increased when Union armies did poorly and decreased when they won great victories. After the [[Battle of Atlanta|fall of Atlanta]] in September 1864, Union military success seemed assured and Copperheadism collapsed.
 ==War Democrats==