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==Life==
==Life==
Berthold was the son of Count [[Berthold I of Istria|Berthold III of Andechs]] and his wife Hedwig of [[House of Wittelsbach|Wittelsbach]]. His father had been a loyal vassal of Emperor [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick Barbarossa]] and in turn was enfeoffed with the Istrian march upon the death of the [[House of Sponheim|Sponheim]] margrave [[Engelbert III, Margrave of Istria|Engelbert III]].
Berthold was the son of Count [[Berthold I of Istria|Berthold III of Andechs]] and his wife Hedwig of [[House of Wittelsbach|Wittelsbach]].{{sfn|Newman|2020|p=30}} His father had been a loyal vassal of Emperor [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick Barbarossa]] and in turn was enfeoffed with the Istrian march upon the death of the [[House of Sponheim|Sponheim]] margrave [[Engelbert III, Margrave of Istria|Engelbert III]].


Young Berthold IV first appeared in 1170 and was mentioned as Count of Andechs in an 1172 deed. In 1175 he served as co-ruler in the March of Istria. After Emperor Frederick deposed Duke [[Henry the Lion]] in 1180, his mother's relative [[Otto I, Duke of Bavaria|Otto of Wittelsbach]] received the [[Duchy of Bavaria]], while Berthold received the [[Duchy of Merania]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=hoUBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA87&lpg=PA87&dq=Berthold,+Duke+of+Merania&source=bl&ots=8GLvBGcaOR&sig=FNQQ7aQZ3ZkVcrKia8457iARX6A&hl=en&sa=X&ei=t9VbVZKpCM7_yQS0-IC4Dg&ved=0CF4Q6AEwDg#v=onepage&q=Berthold%2C%20Duke%20of%20Merania&f=false Le Mesurier Chepmell, Havilland. ''A short course of history'', Vol. II, Whittaker and Co., London, 1857]</ref> The rule over the self-styled "Merania" actually encompassed the same area as the old Istrian margraviate, and did not constitute a separate administrative or political entity; however, its ruler gained prestige from his new ducal title, and the comital House of Andechs was elevated to [[Princes of the Holy Roman Empire]].
Young Berthold IV first appeared in 1170 and was mentioned as Count of Andechs in an 1172 deed. In 1175 he served as co-ruler in the March of Istria. After Emperor Frederick deposed Duke [[Henry the Lion]] in 1180, his mother's relative [[Otto I, Duke of Bavaria|Otto of Wittelsbach]] received the [[Duchy of Bavaria]], while Berthold received the [[Duchy of Merania]].{{sfn|Arnold|2003|p=103}} The rule over the self-styled "Merania" actually encompassed the same area as the old Istrian margraviate, and did not constitute a separate administrative or political entity; however, its ruler gained prestige from his new ducal title, and the comital House of Andechs was elevated to [[Princes of the Holy Roman Empire]].


In 1186, he accompanied Emperor Frederick's son [[Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry VI]] to [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]] and his marriage with [[Constance of Sicily]]. In 1189, he led the third division of the imperial army and was its [[standard-bearer]] on the [[Third Crusade]], in which he led the Crusaders with [[Frederick VI, Duke of Swabia]] in the [[Battle of Philomelion (1190)|Battle of Philomelion]] in 1190. In 1195, he appeared as ''[[Vogt]]'' (reeve) of [[Tegernsee Abbey]] in Bavaria. Berthold committed himself to join the [[Crusade of 1197]], however, he did not participate until Henry's death in the same year. Though he had opposed the emperor's ''[[Erbreichsplan]]'', he backed the claims of Henry's younger brother [[Philip of Swabia]] against the politics of [[Pope Innocent III]] who supported Philip's [[House of Welf|Welf]] rival [[Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto IV]]. At this juncture, the House of Andechs was at the height of its power and influence, with extended possessions stretching from [[Franconia]] down to the Adriatic.
In 1186, he accompanied Emperor Frederick's son [[Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry VI]] to [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]] and his marriage with [[Constance of Sicily]]. In 1189, he led the third division of the imperial army and was its [[standard-bearer]] on the [[Third Crusade]], in which he led the Crusaders with [[Frederick VI, Duke of Swabia]] in the [[Battle of Philomelion (1190)|Battle of Philomelion]] in 1190. In 1195, he appeared as ''[[Vogt]]'' (reeve) of [[Tegernsee Abbey]] in Bavaria. Berthold committed himself to join the [[Crusade of 1197]], however, he did not participate until Henry's death in the same year. Though he had opposed the emperor's ''[[Erbreichsplan]]'', he backed the claims of Henry's younger brother [[Philip of Swabia]] against the politics of [[Pope Innocent III]] who supported Philip's [[House of Welf|Welf]] rival [[Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto IV]]. At this juncture, the House of Andechs was at the height of its power and influence, with extended possessions stretching from [[Franconia]] down to the Adriatic.
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==Marriage and issue==
==Marriage and issue==
[[File:Andechsove.jpg|thumb|Berthold, Agnes and their family, ''Hedwig Codex'', 1353]]
[[File:Andechsove.jpg|thumb|Berthold, Agnes and their family, ''Hedwig Codex'', 1353]]
About 1180, Berthold married [[Agnes of Rochlitz]] (died 25 March 1195), a daughter of Margrave [[Dedi III, Margrave of Lusatia|Dedi III of Lusatia]] from the Saxon [[House of Wettin]]. They had the following children:
About 1180, Berthold married [[Agnes of Rochlitz]],{{sfn|Newman|2020|p=30}} a daughter of Margrave [[Dedi III, Margrave of Lusatia|Dedi III of Lusatia]] from the Saxon [[House of Wettin]]. They had:

* [[Otto I, Duke of Merania|Otto I]] (d. 1234), succeeded his father as [[Duchy of Merania|Duke of Merania]], married [[Beatrice II, Countess of Burgundy|Beatrice II of Hohenstaufen]], daughter of Count [[Otto I, Count of Burgundy|Otto I of Burgundy]], became [[List of counts of Burgundy|Count palatine of Burgundy]] in 1211
* [[Otto I, Duke of Merania|Otto I]] (d. 1234),{{sfn|Newman|2020|p=30}} succeeded his father as [[Duchy of Merania|Duke of Merania]], married [[Beatrice II, Countess of Burgundy|Beatrice II of Hohenstaufen]], daughter of Count [[Otto I, Count of Burgundy|Otto I of Burgundy]], became [[List of counts of Burgundy|Count palatine of Burgundy]] in 1211
*Ekbert (d. 1237), [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bamberg|Bishop of Bamberg]] from 1203, guardian of his nephew [[Otto III, Count of Burgundy|Otto II]] from 1234
*Ekbert (d. 1237), [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bamberg|Bishop of Bamberg]] from 1203,{{sfn|Newman|2020|p=30}} guardian of his nephew [[Otto III, Count of Burgundy|Otto II]] from 1234
*[[Henry II, Margrave of Istria|Henry II]] (d. 1228), [[March of Istria|Margrave of Istria]] and [[March of Carniola|Carniola]] from 1204, married Sophia of [[Višnja Gora|Weichselburg]], heiress of the estates in the [[Windic March]] and [[Bela krajina|Metlika]]
*[[Henry II, Margrave of Istria|Henry II]] (d. 1228),{{sfn|Newman|2020|p=30}} [[March of Istria|Margrave of Istria]] and [[March of Carniola|Carniola]] from 1204, married Sophia of [[Višnja Gora|Weichselburg]], heiress of the estates in the [[Windic March]] and [[Bela krajina|Metlika]]
*[[Hedwig of Silesia|Hedwig]] (1174–1243), married [[Henry I the Bearded]], [[Duke of Silesia]], became [[List of Polish consorts|High Duchess of Poland]] in 1232, [[Canonization|canonized]] by the [[Catholic Church]] in 1267
*[[Gertrude of Merania|Gertrude]] (d. 1213), married [[Andrew II of Hungary|Andrew II]], brother of King [[Emeric, King of Hungary|Emeric of Hungary]], became [[List of Hungarian consorts|Queen of Hungary]] in 1205, murdered
*[[Hedwig of Silesia|Hedwig]] (1174–1243), married [[Henry I the Bearded]], [[Duke of Silesia]],{{sfn|Newman|2020|p=30}} became [[List of Polish consorts|High Duchess of Poland]] in 1232, [[Canonization|canonized]] by the [[Catholic Church]] in 1267
*[[Agnes of Merania|Agnes]] (d. 1201), married King [[Philip II of France]] and became [[List of French consorts|French consort]] in 1196, repudiated in 1200
*[[Gertrude of Merania|Gertrude]] (d. 1213), married [[Andrew II of Hungary|Andrew II]],{{sfn|Newman|2020|p=30}}, became [[List of Hungarian consorts|Queen of Hungary]] in 1205, murdered
*[[Agnes of Merania|Agnes]] (d. 1201), married King [[Philip II of France]] and became [[List of French consorts|French consort]] in 1196,{{sfn|Newman|2020|p=30}} repudiated in 1200
*[[Berthold (patriarch of Aquileia)|Berthold]] (d. 1251), [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kalocsa-Kecskemét|Archbishop of Kalocsa]] from 1206, [[List of bishops and patriarchs of Aquileia|Patriarch of Aquileia]] from 1218
*[[Berthold (patriarch of Aquileia)|Berthold]] (d. 1251),{{sfn|Newman|2020|p=30}} [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kalocsa-Kecskemét|Archbishop of Kalocsa]] from 1206, [[List of bishops and patriarchs of Aquileia|Patriarch of Aquileia]] from 1218


While passing through Serbia on the [[Third Crusade]], Frederick Barbarossa met the Grand Prince [[Stefan Nemanja]] in [[Niš]] on 27 July 1189. There it was negotiated that a daughter of Berthold would marry [[Toljen of Hum|Tohu]], son of Prince [[Miroslav of Hum|Miroslav of Zahumlje]] on the feast of Saint George next (24 April 1190). This marriage does not seem to have taken place and the ''Historia de Expeditione Friderici Imperatoris'' does not name the daughter. Scholars are divided over whether it was one of Berthold's known daughters or else a fifth daughter not otherwise recorded.<ref>{{citation |ref=harv |editor=G. A. Loud |title=The Crusade of Frederick Barbarossa: The History of the Expedition of the Emperor Frederick and Related Texts |publisher=Ashgate |year=2010 |pages=61–62}}; {{citation |ref=harv |author=Jonathan Lyon |title=Princely Brothers and Sisters: The Sibling Bond in German Politics, 1100–1250 |location=Ithaca and London |publisher=Cornell University Press |year=2013 |page=154 n. 10}}.</ref>
While passing through Serbia on the [[Third Crusade]], Frederick Barbarossa met the Grand Prince [[Stefan Nemanja]] in [[Niš]] on 27 July 1189. There it was negotiated that a daughter of Berthold would marry [[Toljen of Hum|Tohu]], son of Prince [[Miroslav of Hum|Miroslav of Zahumlje]] on the feast of Saint George next (24 April 1190). This marriage does not seem to have taken place and the ''Historia de Expeditione Friderici Imperatoris'' does not name the daughter. Scholars are divided over whether it was one of Berthold's known daughters or else a fifth daughter not otherwise recorded.<ref>{{citation |ref=harv |editor=G. A. Loud |title=The Crusade of Frederick Barbarossa: The History of the Expedition of the Emperor Frederick and Related Texts |publisher=Ashgate |year=2010 |pages=61–62}}; {{citation |ref=harv |author=Jonathan Lyon |title=Princely Brothers and Sisters: The Sibling Bond in German Politics, 1100–1250 |location=Ithaca and London |publisher=Cornell University Press |year=2013 |page=154 n. 10}}.</ref>
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==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{cite book |last=Arnold |first=Benjamin |title=Princes and Territories in Medieval Germany |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2003 |isbn=9780521521482}}
*{{cite book |title=Cistercian Stories for Nuns and Monks |first=Martha G. |last=Newman |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |year=2020}}


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Revision as of 07:47, 6 October 2020

"Berthold of Merania" redirects here. For the patriarch of Aquileia with this name, see Berthold (patriarch of Aquileia).
Berthold IV of Andechs
Duke of Merania
Bornc. 1159
Died(1204-08-12)12 August 1204
BuriedDießen Abbey
Noble familyAndechs
Spouse(s)Agnes of Rochlitz
FatherBerthold I of Istria
MotherHedwig of Wittelsbach

Berthold IV (c. 1159 – 12 August 1204), a member of the House of Andechs, was Margrave of Istria and Carniola (as Berthold II). By about 1180/82 he assumed the title of Duke of Merania, referring to the Adriatic seacoast of Kvarner which his ancestors had conquered in the 1060s and annexed to Istria and Carniola.[1]

Life

Berthold was the son of Count Berthold III of Andechs and his wife Hedwig of Wittelsbach.[2] His father had been a loyal vassal of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa and in turn was enfeoffed with the Istrian march upon the death of the Sponheim margrave Engelbert III.

Young Berthold IV first appeared in 1170 and was mentioned as Count of Andechs in an 1172 deed. In 1175 he served as co-ruler in the March of Istria. After Emperor Frederick deposed Duke Henry the Lion in 1180, his mother's relative Otto of Wittelsbach received the Duchy of Bavaria, while Berthold received the Duchy of Merania.[3] The rule over the self-styled "Merania" actually encompassed the same area as the old Istrian margraviate, and did not constitute a separate administrative or political entity; however, its ruler gained prestige from his new ducal title, and the comital House of Andechs was elevated to Princes of the Holy Roman Empire.

In 1186, he accompanied Emperor Frederick's son Henry VI to Italy and his marriage with Constance of Sicily. In 1189, he led the third division of the imperial army and was its standard-bearer on the Third Crusade, in which he led the Crusaders with Frederick VI, Duke of Swabia in the Battle of Philomelion in 1190. In 1195, he appeared as Vogt (reeve) of Tegernsee Abbey in Bavaria. Berthold committed himself to join the Crusade of 1197, however, he did not participate until Henry's death in the same year. Though he had opposed the emperor's Erbreichsplan, he backed the claims of Henry's younger brother Philip of Swabia against the politics of Pope Innocent III who supported Philip's Welf rival Otto IV. At this juncture, the House of Andechs was at the height of its power and influence, with extended possessions stretching from Franconia down to the Adriatic.

Berthold died in 1204 and was buried at the Andechs private monastery in Dießen, Bavaria.

Marriage and issue

Berthold, Agnes and their family, Hedwig Codex, 1353

About 1180, Berthold married Agnes of Rochlitz,[2] a daughter of Margrave Dedi III of Lusatia from the Saxon House of Wettin. They had:

While passing through Serbia on the Third Crusade, Frederick Barbarossa met the Grand Prince Stefan Nemanja in Niš on 27 July 1189. There it was negotiated that a daughter of Berthold would marry Tohu, son of Prince Miroslav of Zahumlje on the feast of Saint George next (24 April 1190). This marriage does not seem to have taken place and the Historia de Expeditione Friderici Imperatoris does not name the daughter. Scholars are divided over whether it was one of Berthold's known daughters or else a fifth daughter not otherwise recorded.[4]

References

  1. ^ Milko Kos, Zgodovina Slovencev: od naselitve do reformacije (Ljubljana, 1933), p. 142
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Newman 2020, p. 30.
  3. ^ Arnold 2003, p. 103.
  4. ^ G. A. Loud, ed. (2010), The Crusade of Frederick Barbarossa: The History of the Expedition of the Emperor Frederick and Related Texts, Ashgate, pp. 61–62 {{citation}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Jonathan Lyon (2013), Princely Brothers and Sisters: The Sibling Bond in German Politics, 1100–1250, Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, p. 154 n. 10 {{citation}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help).

Sources

  • Arnold, Benjamin (2003). Princes and Territories in Medieval Germany. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521521482.
  • Newman, Martha G. (2020). Cistercian Stories for Nuns and Monks. University of Pennsylvania Press.
Berthold, Duke of Merania
 Died: 12 August 1204
Preceded by Duke of Merania
1185–1204 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Margrave of Istria and Carniola
1188–1204 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Berthold,_Duke_of_Merania&oldid=982115679"