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'''Akchakhan-Kala''', or '''Akcha-khan Kala''', also named after the locality '''Kazakly-Yatkan'''/ '''Kazakl'i-Yatkan''', in modern [[Karakalpakstan]], [[Uzbekistan]], was an ancient fortress in [[Chorasmia]] built in the 4th/ 3rd century BCE and occupied until it was despoiled in the 2nd century CE.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=KIDD |first1=F. |last2=CLEARY |first2=M. NEGUS |last3=YAGODIN |first3=V. N. |last4=BETTS |first4=A. |last5=BRITE |first5=E. BAKER |title=Ancient Chorasmian Mural Art |journal=Bulletin of the Asia Institute |date=2004 |volume=18 |pages=69–95 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24049142?seq=13#metadata_info_tab_contents |issn=0890-4464}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Minardi |first1=Michele |title=Columned Halls in Ancient Chorasmia |url=https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Akchakhan-kala-the-main-hypostyle-hall-in-the-Central-Building-viewed-from-the-north_fig1_319153387}}</ref> It is part of the "Fifty fortresses oasis" in modern-day [[Uzbekistan]].<ref name="BVA">{{cite book |last1=Adrianov |first1=Boris V. |last2=Mantellini |first2=Simone |title=Ancient Irrigation Systems of the Aral Sea Area: Ancient Irrigation Systems of the Aral Sea Area |publisher=Oxbow Books, Limited |isbn=978-1-78297-167-2 |page=38 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=is0nDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA38 |language=en}}</ref> The abandonment of Akchakhan-Kala was apparently followed by the establishment of the new capital of [[Toprak-Kala]], 14 km to the northeast.<ref name="MM"/> |
'''Akchakhan-Kala''', or '''Akcha-khan Kala''', also named after the locality '''Kazakly-Yatkan'''/ '''Kazakl'i-Yatkan''', in modern [[Karakalpakstan]], [[Uzbekistan]], was an ancient fortress in [[Chorasmia]] built in the 4th/ 3rd century BCE and occupied until it was despoiled in the 2nd century CE.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=KIDD |first1=F. |last2=CLEARY |first2=M. NEGUS |last3=YAGODIN |first3=V. N. |last4=BETTS |first4=A. |last5=BRITE |first5=E. BAKER |title=Ancient Chorasmian Mural Art |journal=Bulletin of the Asia Institute |date=2004 |volume=18 |pages=69–95 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24049142?seq=13#metadata_info_tab_contents |issn=0890-4464}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Minardi |first1=Michele |title=Columned Halls in Ancient Chorasmia |url=https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Akchakhan-kala-the-main-hypostyle-hall-in-the-Central-Building-viewed-from-the-north_fig1_319153387}}</ref> It is part of the "Fifty fortresses oasis" in modern-day [[Uzbekistan]].<ref name="BVA">{{cite book |last1=Adrianov |first1=Boris V. |last2=Mantellini |first2=Simone |title=Ancient Irrigation Systems of the Aral Sea Area: Ancient Irrigation Systems of the Aral Sea Area |publisher=Oxbow Books, Limited |isbn=978-1-78297-167-2 |page=38 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=is0nDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA38 |language=en}}</ref> The abandonment of Akchakhan-Kala was apparently followed by the establishment of the new capital of [[Toprak-Kala]], 14 km to the northeast.<ref name="MM"/> |
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Akcha-khan Kala has been the object of numerous excavations, still ongoing. Many decorations have been found, belonging to the period from the 1st century BCE to the 2nd century CE: a large quantity of frescoes, unbaked-clay modelled sculptures |
Akcha-khan Kala has been the object of numerous excavations, still ongoing. A ceremonial complex with a [[hypostyle]] hall was discovered.<ref name="MM"/> Many decorations have been found, belonging to the period from the 1st century BCE to the 2nd century CE: a large quantity of frescoes, unbaked-clay modelled sculptures including fragments of a [[Ketos]] in [[Hellenistic art|Hellenistic style]], and a [[Zoroastrian]] [[fire altar]] with paintings of colossal [[Avestan]] gods.<ref name="MM">{{cite journal |last1=Minardi |first1=Michele |title=The Ancient Chorasmian Unbaked-clay Modelled Sculptures: Hellenistic Cultural 'Impacts' on an Eastern Iranian Polity |journal=Religion, Society, Trade and Kingship. Art and Archaeology in South Asia along the Silk Road 5500 BCE-5th Century CE (South Asian Archaeology and Art 2016, Volume 1) |pages=195-205 |url=https://www.academia.edu/42306214/The_Ancient_Chorasmian_Unbaked_clay_Modelled_Sculptures_Hellenistic_Cultural_Impacts_on_an_Eastern_Iranian_Polity |language=en}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 12:49, 13 October 2020
 A mural from Akchakhan-Kala | |
  Shown within West and Central Asia  Akchakhan-Kala (Uzbekistan) | |
| Alternative name | Akchakhan-Kala |
|---|---|
| Location | Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan |
| Coordinates | 41°49′41.17″N 60°43′8.67″E / 41.8281028°N 60.7190750°E[1] |
| Type | Settlement |
| History | |
| Periods | Parthian, Sasanian |
| Site notes | |
| Condition | Ruined |
Akchakhan-Kala, or Akcha-khan Kala, also named after the locality Kazakly-Yatkan/ Kazakl'i-Yatkan, in modern Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan, was an ancient fortress in Chorasmia built in the 4th/ 3rd century BCE and occupied until it was despoiled in the 2nd century CE.[2][3] It is part of the "Fifty fortresses oasis" in modern-day Uzbekistan.[4] The abandonment of Akchakhan-Kala was apparently followed by the establishment of the new capital of Toprak-Kala, 14 km to the northeast.[5]
Akcha-khan Kala has been the object of numerous excavations, still ongoing. A ceremonial complex with a hypostyle hall was discovered.[5] Many decorations have been found, belonging to the period from the 1st century BCE to the 2nd century CE: a large quantity of frescoes, unbaked-clay modelled sculptures including fragments of a Ketos in Hellenistic style, and a Zoroastrian fire altar with paintings of colossal Avestan gods.[5]
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Akchakhan-Kala mural -
Akchakhan-Kala mural -
Location of the Akchakhan-Kala fortress in the Chorasmian oasis, in relation to other main fortresses
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References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Akchakhan-kala.
- ^ Dodson, John R (2015). "The nature of fluctuating lakes in the southern Amu-dar'ya delta".
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ KIDD, F.; CLEARY, M. NEGUS; YAGODIN, V. N.; BETTS, A.; BRITE, E. BAKER (2004). "Ancient Chorasmian Mural Art". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 18: 69–95. ISSN 0890-4464.
- ^ Minardi, Michele. "Columned Halls in Ancient Chorasmia".
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Adrianov, Boris V.; Mantellini, Simone. Ancient Irrigation Systems of the Aral Sea Area: Ancient Irrigation Systems of the Aral Sea Area. Oxbow Books, Limited. p. 38. ISBN 978-1-78297-167-2.
- ^ a b c Minardi, Michele. "The Ancient Chorasmian Unbaked-clay Modelled Sculptures: Hellenistic Cultural 'Impacts' on an Eastern Iranian Polity". Religion, Society, Trade and Kingship. Art and Archaeology in South Asia along the Silk Road 5500 BCE-5th Century CE (South Asian Archaeology and Art 2016, Volume 1): 195–205.
.jpg)