User:Jimmyjohnslaser/sandbox: Difference between revisions
I am working on my project |
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I think I am going to do it on the Ion transporter (ion pump). It’s a stub and of medium importance. Right now I think I could add a few common examples of the primary, secondary, and ATP producing transporters as well as had some hyperlinks for phosphorylation, allosteric inhibition and allosteric activation. I am also thinking of adding a section on how these transporters are studied and I am thinking this is where biophysics would come in. The bolded portions are the portions I have added. |
I think I am going to do it on the Ion transporter (ion pump). It’s a stub and of medium importance. Right now I think I could add a few common examples of the primary, secondary, and ATP producing transporters as well as had some hyperlinks for phosphorylation, allosteric inhibition and allosteric activation. I am also thinking of adding a section on how these transporters are studied and I am thinking this is where biophysics would come in. '''The bolded portions are the portions I have added.''' |
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=== Primary transport[edit] === |
=== Primary transport[edit] === |
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Revision as of 16:16, 20 October 2020
I think I am going to do it on the Ion transporter (ion pump). It’s a stub and of medium importance. Right now I think I could add a few common examples of the primary, secondary, and ATP producing transporters as well as had some hyperlinks for phosphorylation, allosteric inhibition and allosteric activation. I am also thinking of adding a section on how these transporters are studied and I am thinking this is where biophysics would come in. The bolded portions are the portions I have added.
Primary transport[edit]
Secondary transport[edit]
Secondary transporters also transport ions against the concentration gradient – from low concentration to high concentration - but unlike primary transporters which use ATP to create a concentration gradient, secondary transporters use the potential energy from the concentration gradient created by the primary transporters to transport ions. Symporters such as the Sodium-chloride symporter transport an ion with its concentration gradient, and they couple the transport of a second molecule in the same direction. Antiporters also use the concentration gradient but the coupled molecule is transported in the opposite direction.
Active Transporter[edit]
Secondary Active Transport
There are also secondary active transporters which rely on concentration gradients in the cell, usually created by primary active transporters, to pump ions and molecules against their concentration gradient. For example, the sodium-dependent glucose transporter found in the small intestine and kidney use the sodium gradient created in the cell by the sodium potassium pump (as mentioned above) to help carry glucose into the cell.[8] This happens as sodium flows down its concentration gradient which provides enough energy to push glucose up its concentration gradient back into the cell. This is important in the small intestine and the kidney to prevent them from losing glucose.
ATP producing[edit]
ATP producing transporters run in the opposite direction of ATP Utilizing transporters. These proteins transport ions from high to low concentration with the gradient but in the process ATP is formed. Potential energy in the form of the concentration gradient is used to generate ATP. In animals, this ATP synthesis takes place in the mitochondria using F- type ATPase otherwise known as ATP synthase. This process utilizes the electron transport chain in a process called oxidative phosphorylation.[1] V-type ATPase serves the opposite function as F-type ATPase and is used in plants to hydrolyze ATP to create a proton gradient. Examples of this are lysosomes that use V-type ATPase acidify vesicles or plant vacuoles during process of photosynthesis in the chloroplasts. This process can be regulated through various methods such as pH.
Secondary transport[edit]
Secondary transporters also transport ions against the concentration gradient – from low concentration to high concentration - but unlike primary transporters who use ATP to create a concentration gradient, secondary transporters use the potential energy from the concentration gradient created by the primary transporters to transport ions. Symporters such as the Sodium-chloride symporter transport an ion with its concentration gradient, and they couple the transport of a second molecule in the same direction. Antiporters also use the concentration gradient but the coupled molecule is transported in the opposite direction.
 | This is a user sandbox of Jimmyjohnslaser. You can use it for testing or practicing edits. This is not the sandbox where you should draft your assigned article for a dashboard.wikiedu.org course. To find the right sandbox for your assignment, visit your Dashboard course page and follow the Sandbox Draft link for your assigned article in the My Articles section. |
- ^ a b Prebble, John N. (2010-09-01). "The discovery of oxidative phosphorylation: a conceptual off-shoot from the study of glycolysis". Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences. The cell as nexus: connections between the history, philosophy and science of cell biology. 41 (3): 253–262. doi:10.1016/j.shpsc.2010.07.014. ISSN 1369-8486.
- ^ Maffeo, Christopher; Bhattacharya, Swati; Yoo, Jejoong; Wells, David; Aksimentiev, Aleksei (2012-12-12). "Modeling and Simulation of Ion Channels". Chemical reviews. 112 (12): 6250–6284. doi:10.1021/cr3002609. ISSN 0009-2665. PMC 3633640. PMID 23035940.
- ^ Morth, J. Preben; Pedersen, Bjørn P.; Buch-Pedersen, Morten J.; Andersen, Jens Peter; Vilsen, Bente; Palmgren, Michael G.; Nissen, Poul (2011-01). "A structural overview of the plasma membrane Na + ,K + -ATPase and H + -ATPase ion pumps". Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 12 (1): 60–70. doi:10.1038/nrm3031. ISSN 1471-0080.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Gadsby, David C. (2009-5). "Ion channels versus ion pumps: the principal difference, in principle". Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology. 10 (5): 344–352. doi:10.1038/nrm2668. ISSN 1471-0072. PMC 2742554. PMID 19339978.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Takeuchi, Ayako; Reyes, Nicolás; Artigas, Pablo; Gadsby, David C. (2009-11). "Visualizing the mapped ion pathway through the Na,K-ATPase pump". Channels (Austin, Tex.). 3 (6): 383–386. doi:10.4161/chan.3.6.9775. ISSN 1933-6969. PMC 2889157. PMID 19806033.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Neverisky, Daniel L.; Abbott, Geoffrey W. (2015-07). "Ion channel-transporter interactions". Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 51 (4): 257–267. doi:10.3109/10409238.2016.1172553. ISSN 1549-7798. PMC 5215868. PMID 27098917.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Chen, Lihong; Tuo, Biguang; Dong, Hui (2016-01-14). "Regulation of Intestinal Glucose Absorption by Ion Channels and Transporters". Nutrients. 8 (1). doi:10.3390/nu8010043. ISSN 2072-6643. PMC 4728656. PMID 26784222.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Crane, Robert K.; Miller, D.; Bihler, I. (1961). "The restrictions on possible mechanisms of intestinal transport of sugars". Membrane Transport and Metabolism: 439–449.