Fatima al-Suqutriyya: Difference between revisions
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'''Fāṭima bint Aḥmad Muḥammad al-Jahḍamī''' ({{lang-ar|فاطمة بنت أحمد محمد الجهضمي}}), known as '''Fāṭima al-Suqutriyya''' ({{lang-ar|فاطمة السقطرية}}, Fatima the Socotran) and nicknamed '''al-Zahra''' on the model of the Prophet's daughter [[Fāṭima]], for whom ''al-Zahra'' ('the shining one') was a popular epithet,<ref>{{Cite web|last=جمعان الزهراني|first=قينان|date=11 June 2012|title=اطمة الجهضمية تستنجد إمام عمان بقصيدة|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813213415/https://magazine.islamtoday.net/art.aspx?ID=552|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813213415/https://magazine.islamtoday.net/art.aspx?ID=552|archive-date=13 August 2016|access-date=|website=الإسلام اليوم|publisher=}}</ref> was a Yemeni writer and poet who lived on the island of [[Socotra]] in the third century AH (816–913 CE).<ref>The principal scholarly accounts of al-Suqutriyya are found in Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd Allāh bin Ḥumayd al-Sālimī, ''[https://archive.org/details/tohfata3yansao/tasao1 Tuḥfat al-Aʿyān bi-sīrat ahl ʿUmān]'' (Cairo: Matba‘at al-sufliyya, 1347/1928), p. 112 and Sālim ibn Ḥumūd, ''[https://archive.org/details/Omaan_20161228 ʿUmān ʿabr al-tārīkh]'' (Muscat, 1982), II, 191, cited by Isam Ali Ahmad al-Rawas, '[http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1497 Early Islamic Oman (ca - 622/280-893): A Political History]' (unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Durham, 1990), p. 273. See also R. B. Serjeant, 'The Coastal Population of Socotra', in ''Socotra: Island of Tranquility'', ed. by Brian Doe (London: IMMEL Publishing, 1992), pp. 133–80 (pp. 136-40) (repr. in R. B. Serjeant, ''Society and Trade in South Arabia'' (Aldershot: Variorum, 1996), ch XVII) and J. C. Wilkinson, ''The Imamate Tradition of Oman'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987), pp. 332, 344.</ref> She is thought to be the first attested Socotran poet.<ref name=":3">Serge D. Elie, '[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/240532551_Soqotra_South_Arabia%27s_Strategic_Gateway_and_Symbolic_Playground Soqotra: South Arabia’s Strategic Gateway and Symbolic Playground]', ''British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies'', 33.2 (November 2006), 131-60, {{DOI|10.1080/13530190600953278}} (p. 158 n. 105).</ref> |
'''Fāṭima bint Aḥmad Muḥammad al-Jahḍamī''' ({{lang-ar|فاطمة بنت أحمد محمد الجهضمي}}), known as '''Fāṭima al-Suqutriyya''' ({{lang-ar|فاطمة السقطرية}}, Fatima the Socotran) and nicknamed '''al-Zahra''' on the model of the Prophet's daughter [[Fāṭima]], for whom ''al-Zahra'' ('the shining one') was a popular epithet,<ref>{{Cite web|last=جمعان الزهراني|first=قينان|date=11 June 2012|title=اطمة الجهضمية تستنجد إمام عمان بقصيدة|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813213415/https://magazine.islamtoday.net/art.aspx?ID=552|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813213415/https://magazine.islamtoday.net/art.aspx?ID=552|archive-date=13 August 2016|access-date=|website=الإسلام اليوم|publisher=}}</ref> was a Yemeni writer and poet who lived on the island of [[Socotra]] in the third century AH (816–913 CE).<ref>The principal scholarly accounts of al-Suqutriyya are found in Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd Allāh bin Ḥumayd al-Sālimī, ''[https://archive.org/details/tohfata3yansao/tasao1 Tuḥfat al-Aʿyān bi-sīrat ahl ʿUmān]'' (Cairo: Matba‘at al-sufliyya, 1347/1928), p. 112 and Sālim ibn Ḥumūd, ''[https://archive.org/details/Omaan_20161228 ʿUmān ʿabr al-tārīkh]'' (Muscat, 1982), II, 191, cited by Isam Ali Ahmad al-Rawas, '[http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1497 Early Islamic Oman (ca - 622/280-893): A Political History]' (unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Durham, 1990), p. 273. See also R. B. Serjeant, 'The Coastal Population of Socotra', in ''Socotra: Island of Tranquility'', ed. by Brian Doe (London: IMMEL Publishing, 1992), pp. 133–80 (pp. 136-40) (repr. in R. B. Serjeant, ''Society and Trade in South Arabia'' (Aldershot: Variorum, 1996), ch XVII) and J. C. Wilkinson, ''The Imamate Tradition of Oman'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987), pp. 332, 344.</ref> She is thought to be the first attested Socotran poet.<ref name=":3">Serge D. Elie, '[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/240532551_Soqotra_South_Arabia%27s_Strategic_Gateway_and_Symbolic_Playground Soqotra: South Arabia’s Strategic Gateway and Symbolic Playground]', ''British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies'', 33.2 (November 2006), 131-60, {{DOI|10.1080/13530190600953278}} (p. 158 n. 105).</ref> |
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== Biography == |
== Biography == |
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Little is actually known about al-Suqutriyya.<ref name=":3" /> She is thought to have been born on the island of Socotra, during the third century AH.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2014-04-27|title=الجمهورية نت - علم وقصيدة السقطرية - فاطمة بنت أحمد محمد الجهضمي|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427205229/http://www.algomhoriah.net/newsweekprint.php?sid=44828|access-date=2020-10-21|website=web.archive.org}}</ref> She was a poet and was related to Sultan al-Qāsim bin Muḥammad al-Jahḍamī, the ruler of the Yemeni island of Socotra.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2016-03-04|title=السقطرية|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093105/http://www.al-aalam.com/al-aalam/personinfo.asp?pid=17018|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-10-21|website=web.archive.org}}</ref> He was killed by Ethiopians who attacked the island.<ref name=":0" /> Al-Suqutriyya reputedly wrote a [[qaṣīda]] to Imam [[Al-Salt bin Malik|al-Ṣalt ibn Mа̄lik]], who had assumed the imamate of Oman in 273 AH / 886 CE, requesting help from him.<ref name=":0" /> The poem was sent by sea and found by a fisherman who passed it on to the imam.<ref>{{Cite web|title=فاطمة الزهراء السقطرية من اعز نساء العرب (قصيدة رهيبة جدا) من فارس حمدان|url=https://vb.shbab7.com/t69300|access-date=2020-10-23|website=vb.shbab7.com}}</ref> The Imam sent a fleet of one hundred boats to Socotra, defeating the Ethiopian force on Socotra.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=سقطرى المحتلة وبطولة العمانيين لتحريرها|url=https://www.atheer.om/archives/6739/%d8%b3%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b1%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ad%d8%aa%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a8%d8%b7%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%8a/|access-date=2020-10-23|language=ar}}</ref> |
Little is actually known about al-Suqutriyya.<ref name=":3" /> She is thought to have been born on the island of Socotra, during the third century AH.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2014-04-27|title=الجمهورية نت - علم وقصيدة السقطرية - فاطمة بنت أحمد محمد الجهضمي|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427205229/http://www.algomhoriah.net/newsweekprint.php?sid=44828|access-date=2020-10-21|website=web.archive.org}}</ref> She was a poet and was related to Sultan al-Qāsim bin Muḥammad al-Jahḍamī, the ruler of the Yemeni island of Socotra.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2016-03-04|title=السقطرية|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093105/http://www.al-aalam.com/al-aalam/personinfo.asp?pid=17018|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-10-21|website=web.archive.org}}</ref> He was killed by Ethiopians who attacked the island.<ref name=":0" /> Al-Suqutriyya reputedly wrote a [[qaṣīda]] to Imam [[Al-Salt bin Malik|al-Ṣalt ibn Mа̄lik]], who had assumed the imamate of Oman in 273 AH / 886 CE, requesting help from him.<ref name=":0" /> The poem was sent by sea and found by a fisherman who passed it on to the imam.<ref>{{Cite web|title=فاطمة الزهراء السقطرية من اعز نساء العرب (قصيدة رهيبة جدا) من فارس حمدان|url=https://vb.shbab7.com/t69300|access-date=2020-10-23|website=vb.shbab7.com}}</ref> The Imam sent a fleet of one hundred boats to Socotra, defeating the Ethiopian force on Socotra.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=سقطرى المحتلة وبطولة العمانيين لتحريرها|url=https://www.atheer.om/archives/6739/%d8%b3%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b1%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ad%d8%aa%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a8%d8%b7%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%8a/|access-date=2020-10-23|language=ar}}</ref> |
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Al-Suqutriyya died some time after the year 273 AH / 886 CE.<ref name=":2" /> |
Al-Suqutriyya died some time after the year 273 AH / 886 CE.<ref name=":2" /> |
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Fāṭima bint Aḥmad Muḥammad al-Jahḍamī (Template:Lang-ar), known as Fāṭima al-Suqutriyya (Template:Lang-ar, Fatima the Socotran) and nicknamed al-Zahra on the model of the Prophet's daughter Fāṭima, for whom al-Zahra ('the shining one') was a popular epithet,[1] was a Yemeni writer and poet who lived on the island of Socotra in the third century AH (816–913 CE).[2] She is thought to be the first attested Socotran poet.[3]
Biography
Little is actually known about al-Suqutriyya.[3] She is thought to have been born on the island of Socotra, during the third century AH.[4] She was a poet and was related to Sultan al-Qāsim bin Muḥammad al-Jahḍamī, the ruler of the Yemeni island of Socotra.[5] He was killed by Ethiopians who attacked the island.[5] Al-Suqutriyya reputedly wrote a qaṣīda to Imam al-Ṣalt ibn Mа̄lik, who had assumed the imamate of Oman in 273 AH / 886 CE, requesting help from him.[5] The poem was sent by sea and found by a fisherman who passed it on to the imam.[6] The Imam sent a fleet of one hundred boats to Socotra, defeating the Ethiopian force on Socotra.[5][7]
Al-Suqutriyya died some time after the year 273 AH / 886 CE.[4]
Work
Al-Suqutriyya is known for the long poem attributed to her, addressed to al-Ṣalt ibn Mа̄lik. In the translation of Isam Ali Ahmad al-Rawas,[8] the opening of the poem runs
قل للإمام الذي ترجى فضائلُـــه * ابن الكرام وابن السَّادة النجــــبِ |
Tell the imam whose virtues are to be hoped for, the son of the noble and distinguished Sayyids. |
Reception
Al-Suqutriyya is considered a lost voice in Omani literature, whose work was re-discovered in the twentieth century.[9] In the assessment of Serge D. Elie, her poem
seems to be the first act of writing—or more aptly, discursive insurrection—attributed to a Soqotran, and as such it is the source of pride among Soqotrans. However, as this poem became part of popular ‘historiology’—that peculiar combination of orality and literacy, resulting into a synthesis of fact and fiction—the incident was believed to have taken place during the time of the Portuguese, and through a process of osmosis (as literacy remains a problem) has permeated the culture and shaped collective memory.
Al-Suqutriyya's story and her poetry featured in an episode of "History and Heritage (Omani Personalities Immortalized by History)" presented by Dr. Hamid Al-Nawfali for Al-Ru'ya TV.[10] This programme became controversial when it was aired in Socotra, because it claimed that Al-Suqutriyya was from Oman.[11] A resident of the island, Abdul Karim Qabalan, called on the television company to apologise.[11] In 2016, the novelist Munir Talal published a re-telling of the poem.[12]
References
- ^ جمعان الزهراني, قينان (11 June 2012). "اطمة الجهضمية تستنجد إمام عمان بقصيدة". الإسلام اليوم.
{{cite web}}: Check|archive-url=value (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ The principal scholarly accounts of al-Suqutriyya are found in Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd Allāh bin Ḥumayd al-Sālimī, Tuḥfat al-Aʿyān bi-sīrat ahl ʿUmān (Cairo: Matba‘at al-sufliyya, 1347/1928), p. 112 and Sālim ibn Ḥumūd, ʿUmān ʿabr al-tārīkh (Muscat, 1982), II, 191, cited by Isam Ali Ahmad al-Rawas, 'Early Islamic Oman (ca - 622/280-893): A Political History' (unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Durham, 1990), p. 273. See also R. B. Serjeant, 'The Coastal Population of Socotra', in Socotra: Island of Tranquility, ed. by Brian Doe (London: IMMEL Publishing, 1992), pp. 133–80 (pp. 136-40) (repr. in R. B. Serjeant, Society and Trade in South Arabia (Aldershot: Variorum, 1996), ch XVII) and J. C. Wilkinson, The Imamate Tradition of Oman (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987), pp. 332, 344.
- ^ a b Serge D. Elie, 'Soqotra: South Arabia’s Strategic Gateway and Symbolic Playground', British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 33.2 (November 2006), 131-60, doi:10.1080/13530190600953278 (p. 158 n. 105).
- ^ a b "الجمهورية نت - علم وقصيدة السقطرية - فاطمة بنت أحمد محمد الجهضمي". web.archive.org. 2014-04-27. Retrieved 2020-10-21.
- ^ a b c d "السقطرية". web.archive.org. 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2020-10-21.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "فاطمة الزهراء السقطرية من اعز نساء العرب (قصيدة رهيبة جدا) من فارس حمدان". vb.shbab7.com. Retrieved 2020-10-23.
- ^ "سقطرى المحتلة وبطولة العمانيين لتحريرها" (in Arabic). Retrieved 2020-10-23.
- ^ Isam Ali Ahmad al-Rawas, 'Early Islamic Oman (ca - 622/280-893): A Political History' (unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Durham, 1990), p. 273.
- ^ محمد بن سليمان الحضرمي. المشرب العذب.. قراءات في الشعر العماني. Alaan Publishing Co. pp. 82–3. ISBN 9789996933677.
- ^ Team, FictionX. "البوابة الإعلامية -وزارة الإعلام - سلطنة عمان -أحمد بن ماجد والزهراء السقطرية في برنامج". البوابة الإعلامية -وزارة الإعلام - سلطنة عمان (in Arabic). Retrieved 2020-10-21.
- ^ a b "اخبار محلية : تلفزيون عمان يثير موجة استياء في سقطرى". sahafahnet.net (in Arabic). Retrieved 2020-10-21.
- ^ "الزهراء السقطرية / إصدار جديد للكاتب اليمني/منير طلال - الرباط بريس". www.aribatpress.com. Retrieved 2020-10-21.
External links
- Of Oman's Poets: Al-Zahra Al-Soqatriya - Fatima bint Hamad bin Khalfan Al-Jahhamiya by Dr. Muhammad Al-Harthi