Typhoon Marge (1973): Difference between revisions
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== Meteorological history == |
== Meteorological history == |
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{{Storm path|Marge 1973 track.png}} |
{{Storm path|Marge 1973 track.png}} |
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On September 10, 1973, a tropical depression formed in the sea east |
On September 10, 1973, a tropical depression formed in the sea east of the Philippines, and then moved to the sea east of Luzon. It landed on Luzon with the intensity of a tropical depression later on September 11 and moved into the South China Sea and was named Marge. On September 12, a U.S. reconnaissance plane detected a hurricane nearby and upgraded it to a typhoon. Due to entering Chinese airspace, the US military stopped reconnaissance shortly after September 13, and the final reconnaissance wind speed was 80 knots. According to reconnaissance aircraft and ship data, the circulation was very small, only less than 150 miles.<ref>{{cite web|title=1973 Annual Tropical Cyclone Reports|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1973atcr.pdf|publisher=U.S. Naval Observatory}}</ref> It made landfall in [[Bo'ao|Boao]] in Qionghai, Hainan on September 14, and soon crossed the [[Beibu Gulf]]. It landed in northern Vietnam on September 15 and dissipated in northern Vietnam.<ref>{{cite web|title=Typhoon 197314 (MARGE) - General Information|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/digital-typhoon/summary/wnp/s/197314.html|publisher=Digital Typhoon}}</ref> |
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== Impact == |
== Impact == |
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=== Hainan === |
=== Hainan === |
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Due to the extremely small Marge circulation and its strong destructive force before it landed in Hainan Province, the destructive force was strong, and the lack of forecasts caused serious casualties in Hainan Province. |
Due to the extremely small Marge circulation and its strong destructive force, before it landed in Hainan Province, the destructive force was strong, and the lack of forecasts caused serious casualties in Hainan Province. |
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On September 13, Hainan Province was still unaffected by the circulation of Marge, and the weather was muggy. At that time, the weather forecast on the Hainan Daily's page only showed that the wind force of tomorrow was 7 to 8, and the forecast was insufficient. At night, there was still no sign of a typhoon. |
On September 13, Hainan Province was still unaffected by the circulation of Marge, and the weather was muggy. At that time, the weather forecast on the Hainan Daily's page only showed that the wind force of tomorrow was 7 to 8, and the forecast was insufficient. At night, there was still no sign of a typhoon. |
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The "disaster report" reported by the Revolutionary Committee of Hainan Administrative Region to the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee on the same day showed that 90% of the houses collapsed and topped, and some communes in Ding'an, Tunchang, and Changjiang also suffered varying degrees of damage. <ref name="A strong typhoon without warning" />According to the data of the Qionghai Archives, the typhoon destroyed a total of 206,610 residential houses, of which 90,632 were completely collapsed, 29,946 were partially collapsed, and 86,03 were damaged. 397 cattle died; 535 pigs died; rice loss was about 40%; Qiuci lost 40,000 [[Mu (unit)|mu]] (accounting for 56% of the county's planting area that year); sugarcane lost 16,000 mu (accounting for the planting area in Hui County that year Area 40%); rubber loss (broken waist) is about 2.32 million plants of 70,000 mu (accounting for 70% of the county’s planting area that year); the county’s pepper trees suffered about 17,000 mu, or about 997,000 plants; forestry loss 12 Ten thousand acres. 80% of the rubber trees in the farms in the counties passed by the typhoon center were broken, and the losses were particularly heavy. The loss of Hainan Island in [[Rmb|RMB]] cannot be calculated.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hainan Island 7314 Typhoon Disaster|url=http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZHXU199201014.htm|publisher=《Journal of Disasters》1992-01|}}</ref> |
The "disaster report" reported by the Revolutionary Committee of Hainan Administrative Region to the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee on the same day showed that 90% of the houses collapsed and topped, and some communes in Ding'an, Tunchang, and Changjiang also suffered varying degrees of damage. <ref name="A strong typhoon without warning" />According to the data of the Qionghai Archives, the typhoon destroyed a total of 206,610 residential houses, of which 90,632 were completely collapsed, 29,946 were partially collapsed, and 86,03 were damaged. 397 cattle died; 535 pigs died; rice loss was about 40%; Qiuci lost 40,000 [[Mu (unit)|mu]] (accounting for 56% of the county's planting area that year); sugarcane lost 16,000 mu (accounting for the planting area in Hui County that year Area 40%); rubber loss (broken waist) is about 2.32 million plants of 70,000 mu (accounting for 70% of the county’s planting area that year); the county’s pepper trees suffered about 17,000 mu, or about 997,000 plants; forestry loss 12 Ten thousand acres. 80% of the rubber trees in the farms in the counties passed by the typhoon center were broken, and the losses were particularly heavy. The loss of Hainan Island in [[Rmb|RMB]] cannot be calculated.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hainan Island 7314 Typhoon Disaster|url=http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZHXU199201014.htm|publisher=《Journal of Disasters》1992-01|}}</ref> |
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Data from the Qionghai Meteorological Station on the north side of the landing site showed that it recorded a 10-minute average wind speed of 48 meters per second from 4:12 to 22 on September 14 (the anemometer was destroyed later and the maximum wind speed could not be obtained) |
Data from the Qionghai Meteorological Station on the north side of the landing site showed that it recorded a 10-minute average wind speed of 48 meters per second from 4:12 to 22 on September 14 (the anemometer was destroyed later and the maximum wind speed could not be obtained), A sea level pressure of 937.8 hPa was recorded at 4:40. The Central Meteorological Observatory evaluated that the central wind reached 60 meters per second and the pressure was 925 [[hPa]] when Marge landed according to the pressure gradient force calculation.<ref name="Typhoon Conference Collection">{{cite web|title="Typhoon Conference Collection 1974"|url=http://bbs.typhoon.gov.cn/read.php?tid=49707|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306022037/http://bbs.typhoon.gov.cn/read.php?tid=49707|archive-date=2016-03-06|publisher=Shanghai People Publisher}}</ref> |
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Marge killed 903 people and injured 5759 in Hainan Province.<ref name="A strong typhoon without warning" /> |
Marge killed 903 people and injured 5759 in Hainan Province.<ref name="A strong typhoon without warning" /> |
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Revision as of 16:08, 26 October 2020
 | This article may require copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling. (October 2020) |
| Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
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| Formed | September 10, 1973 |
|---|---|
| Dissipated | September 15, 1973 |
| Highest winds | 1-minute sustained: 150 km/h (90 mph) |
| Lowest pressure | 965 hPa (mbar); 28.5 inHg |
| Fatalities | 903 total |
| Areas affected | Philippines and South China |
| Part of the 1973 Pacific typhoon season | |
Typhoon Marge, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Ibiang, was a typhoon that formed September 1973. The town of Jiaji in Qionghai, Hainan recorded a minimum central pressure of 937.8 hPa when Marge made landfall. Marge killed 903 people in Hainan. The typhoon made its final landfall in Thanh Hóa, Vietnam on September 15, 1973.
Meteorological history
Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
Unknown
Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depressionOn September 10, 1973, a tropical depression formed in the sea east of the Philippines, and then moved to the sea east of Luzon. It landed on Luzon with the intensity of a tropical depression later on September 11 and moved into the South China Sea and was named Marge. On September 12, a U.S. reconnaissance plane detected a hurricane nearby and upgraded it to a typhoon. Due to entering Chinese airspace, the US military stopped reconnaissance shortly after September 13, and the final reconnaissance wind speed was 80 knots. According to reconnaissance aircraft and ship data, the circulation was very small, only less than 150 miles.[1] It made landfall in Boao in Qionghai, Hainan on September 14, and soon crossed the Beibu Gulf. It landed in northern Vietnam on September 15 and dissipated in northern Vietnam.[2]
Impact
Hainan
Due to the extremely small Marge circulation and its strong destructive force, before it landed in Hainan Province, the destructive force was strong, and the lack of forecasts caused serious casualties in Hainan Province.
On September 13, Hainan Province was still unaffected by the circulation of Marge, and the weather was muggy. At that time, the weather forecast on the Hainan Daily's page only showed that the wind force of tomorrow was 7 to 8, and the forecast was insufficient. At night, there was still no sign of a typhoon.
According to data from the Central Meteorological Observatory, Marge landed on Boao in Qionghai, Hainan District at 4:40 am on September 14. The wind at the center reached 60 meters per second and the pressure was 925 hPa.[3] During the landing, Qionghai's houses were almost completely destroyed. Qionghai alone caused 771 deaths.
The "disaster report" reported by the Revolutionary Committee of Hainan Administrative Region to the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee on the same day showed that 90% of the houses collapsed and topped, and some communes in Ding'an, Tunchang, and Changjiang also suffered varying degrees of damage. [4]According to the data of the Qionghai Archives, the typhoon destroyed a total of 206,610 residential houses, of which 90,632 were completely collapsed, 29,946 were partially collapsed, and 86,03 were damaged. 397 cattle died; 535 pigs died; rice loss was about 40%; Qiuci lost 40,000 mu (accounting for 56% of the county's planting area that year); sugarcane lost 16,000 mu (accounting for the planting area in Hui County that year Area 40%); rubber loss (broken waist) is about 2.32 million plants of 70,000 mu (accounting for 70% of the county’s planting area that year); the county’s pepper trees suffered about 17,000 mu, or about 997,000 plants; forestry loss 12 Ten thousand acres. 80% of the rubber trees in the farms in the counties passed by the typhoon center were broken, and the losses were particularly heavy. The loss of Hainan Island in RMB cannot be calculated.[5]
Data from the Qionghai Meteorological Station on the north side of the landing site showed that it recorded a 10-minute average wind speed of 48 meters per second from 4:12 to 22 on September 14 (the anemometer was destroyed later and the maximum wind speed could not be obtained), A sea level pressure of 937.8 hPa was recorded at 4:40. The Central Meteorological Observatory evaluated that the central wind reached 60 meters per second and the pressure was 925 hPa when Marge landed according to the pressure gradient force calculation.[6]
Marge killed 903 people and injured 5759 in Hainan Province.[4]
Other
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References
- ^ "1973 Annual Tropical Cyclone Reports" (PDF). U.S. Naval Observatory.
- ^ "Typhoon 197314 (MARGE) - General Information". Digital Typhoon.
- ^ /tcdata.typhoon.gov.cn/CMABSTdata/CH1973BST.txt "CMABSTdata". CMA. Archived from the original on 2014-07-14.
{{cite web}}: Check|archive-url=value (help) - ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
A strong typhoon without warningwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Hainan Island 7314 Typhoon Disaster". 《Journal of Disasters》1992-01.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|1=(help) - ^ ""Typhoon Conference Collection 1974"". Shanghai People Publisher. Archived from the original on 2016-03-06.