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Lynkestis (also spelled Lyncestis or Lyngistis; Macedonian: Линкестида) was a region in the upper part of the Kingdom of Macedon, located on the southern borders of Illyria and Paeonia. The name derives from the word in Template:Lang-el meaning "land of the lynx". The inhabitants of Lynkestis were known as Lyncestae or Lynkestai (Λυγκῆσται). The main city was Heraclea Lyncestis.

Lynkestis roughly corresponds to the present-day municipalities of Bitola and Resen in Republic of Macedonia, Florina in Greece, and Pustec in Albania.

History

The region of Lynchestia was ruled by kings and independent or semi-independent chieftains until the Argead rulers of Macedon (Amyntas IV, Philip II) neutralized Lynchestia's independence with dynastic alliances and the practice of raising tribal chieftains' sons in the palaces of Philip II. To the north of Lynchestia was the region of Deuriopus, while Paeonia was to the northeast, Pelagonia bordered on the east, Emathia and Almopia to the southeast, and Orestia, Eordaia and the Haliacmon river at some distance to the south.

During the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC) Arrhabaeus, the king of Lyncestis, waged war against Perdiccas II of Macedon (r. 451–413 BC) at the Battle of Lyncestis in 423 BC. According to Strabo, Irra was the daughter of Arrhabaeus, and that his granddaughter was Eurydice, the mother of Philip II.^[1]

In Roman times, the Via Egnatia crossed the area and there were several Roman stations in it.^[2]

References

Citations

^ Strabo. Geography, 7.7: "The Lyncestae were under Arrhabaeus, who was of the race of the Bacchiadae. Irra was his daughter, and his grand-daughter was Eurydice, the mother of Philip Amyntas."
^ Samsaris 1989, pp. 24, 182.

Sources

Boardman, John; Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1982). The Cambridge Ancient History - The Expansion of the Greek World, Eighth to Sixth Centuries B.C., Part 3: Volume 3 (Second ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23447-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Estienne, Henri (1846). Thesaurus Græcæ Linguæ. A. F. Didot. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Fox, Robin Lane (1973). Alexander the Great. London: Allen Lane. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Georgiev, Vladimir I. (1973). "The Arrival of the Greeks in Greece: The Linguistic Evidence". In Crossland, R. A.; Birchall, Ann (eds.). Bronze Age Migrations in the Aegean; Archaeological and Linguistic Problems in Greek Prehistory: Proceedings of the First International Colloquium on Aegean Prehistory, Sheffield. London: Gerald Duckworth & Company Limited. pp. 243–253. ISBN 978-0-7156-0580-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (2001). Collected Studies: Further Studies on Various Topics. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Hakkert. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Plant, Ian Michael (2004). Women Writers of Ancient Greece and Rome: An Anthology. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-80-613622-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Samsaris, Dimitrios C. (1989). Ιστορική Γεωγραφία της Ρωμαϊκής Επαρχίας Μακεδονίας (Το Τμήμα της Σημερινής Δυτικής Μακεδονίας) [Historical Geography of the Roman Province of Macedonia (The Department of Western Macedonia Today)] (PDF) (in Greek). Thessaloniki: Society for Macedonian Studies. ISBN 9607265017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-02-08. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

External links

Searchable Greek Inscriptions – Regions: Northern Greece (IG X)

[1] Strabo. Geography, 7.7: "The Lyncestae were under Arrhabaeus, who was of the race of the Bacchiadae. Irra was his daughter, and his grand-daughter was Eurydice, the mother of Philip Amyntas."

[2] Samsaris 1989, pp. 24, 182.

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 [[Image:Macedonian Kingdom.jpg|thumb|250px|Map of the Kingdom of Macedon with Lynkestis (Lynkos) located in the western districts of the kingdom.]]
+'''Lynkestis''' (also spelled '''Lyncestis''' or '''Lyngistis;''' [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]]: Линкестида) was a region in the upper part of the [[Macedonia (ancient kingdom)|Kingdom of Macedon]], located on the southern borders of [[Illyria]] and [[Paeonia (kingdom)|Paeonia]]. The name derives from the word in {{lang-el|Λυγκηστίς}} meaning "land of the [[lynx]]". The inhabitants of Lynkestis were known as Lyncestae or Lynkestai (Λυγκῆσται). The main city was [[Heraclea Lyncestis]].
-'''Lynkestis''' (also spelled '''Lyncestis''' or '''Lyngistis''', {{lang-el|Λυγκηστίς}} meaning "land of the [[lynx]]") or '''Lyncus''' (Λύγκος)<ref>{{harvnb|Estienne|1846|p=413}}.</ref> was a region, and in earlier times a Greek kingdom of [[Upper Macedonia]], located on the southern borders of [[Illyria]] and [[Paeonia (kingdom)|Paeonia]]. The inhabitants of Lynkestis were known as Lyncestae or Lynkestai (Λυγκῆσται), a northwestern [[Greeks|Greek]] tribe that belonged to the [[Molossians|Molossian]] tribal state, or ''koinon'', of [[Epirus (ancient state)|Epirus]].<ref>{{harvnb|Boardman|Hammond|1982|p=266: "On crossing the Balkan chain, we find that Hecataeus called the Orestae 'a Molossian tribe' (F 107), and Strabo (434; cf. 326) probably derived from Hecataeus his belief that the Elimeotae, Lyncestae, and Pelagones, as well as the Orestae, were Epirotic or rather Molossian tribes before their incorporation by the Macedones into the Macedonian kingdom."}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Hammond|2001|p=158: "Pelagones in the region of Prilep, the Lyncestae in the region of Florina, the Orestae in the region of Kastoria, and the Elimeotae in the region of Kozani. These tribes were all Epirotic tribes and they talked the Greek language but with a different dialect, the Northwest Greek dialect, as we know now from the local questions which were put to the god of Dodona."}}</ref> The main city was [[Heraclea Lyncestis]].
-Lynkestis roughly corresponds to the present-day municipalities of [[Bitola Municipality|Bitola]] and [[Resen Municipality|Resen]] in [[North Macedonia]], [[Florina (regional unit)|Florina]] in [[Greece]], and [[Pustec (municipality)|Pustec]] in [[Albania]].
+Lynkestis roughly corresponds to the present-day municipalities of [[Bitola Municipality|Bitola]] and [[Resen Municipality|Resen]] in [[North Macedonia|Republic of Macedonia]], [[Florina (regional unit)|Florina]] in [[Greece]], and [[Pustec (municipality)|Pustec]] in [[Albania]].
 ==History==
-Due to the archaic features found in the ancient Greek name of the region it appears that Lynkestis was part of the [[Proto-Greek language|Proto-Greek area]] before the [[Bronze Age|Late Bronze Age]] migrations.<ref>{{harvnb|Georgiev|1973|p=248}}.</ref>
 The region of Lynchestia was ruled by kings and independent or semi-independent chieftains until the [[Argead dynasty|Argead]] rulers of Macedon ([[Amyntas IV of Macedon|Amyntas IV]], [[Philip II of Macedon|Philip II]]) neutralized Lynchestia's independence with dynastic alliances and the practice of raising tribal chieftains' sons in the palaces of Philip II. To the north of Lynchestia was the region of [[Deuriopus]], while [[Paeonia (kingdom)|Paeonia]] was to the northeast, [[Pelagonia]] bordered on the east, Emathia and [[Almopia]] to the southeast, and [[Orestis (region)|Orestia]], Eordaia and the [[Haliacmon]] river at some distance to the south.
-The wealthy kings of Lynkestis traced their origins to the [[Bacchiadae|Bacchiad kings]] that were expelled from [[Corinth]] in the 7th century BC.<ref>Strabo, ''Geography'', 7.7</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Plant|2004|p=43: "The kings of Lyncestae, however, were Greek-speaking and claimed descent from the Bacchiadae, an important Corinthian aristocratic family."}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Fox|1973|pp=32, 34, 36ff}}.</ref> During the [[Peloponnesian War]] (431–404 BC) [[Arrhabaeus]], the king of Lyncestis, waged war against [[Perdiccas II of Macedon]] (r. 451–413 BC) at the [[Battle of Lyncestis]] in 423 BC. According to [[Strabo]], Irra was the daughter of [[Arrhabaeus]], and that his granddaughter was [[Eurydice I of Macedon|Eurydice]], the mother of [[Philip II of Macedon|Philip II]].<ref>Strabo. ''Geography'', 7.7: "The Lyncestae were under Arrhabaeus, who was of the race of the Bacchiadae. Irra was his daughter, and his grand-daughter was Eurydice, the mother of Philip Amyntas."</ref>
+During the [[Peloponnesian War]] (431–404 BC) [[Arrhabaeus]], the king of Lyncestis, waged war against [[Perdiccas II of Macedon]] (r. 451–413 BC) at the [[Battle of Lyncestis]] in 423 BC. According to [[Strabo]], Irra was the daughter of [[Arrhabaeus]], and that his granddaughter was [[Eurydice I of Macedon|Eurydice]], the mother of [[Philip II of Macedon|Philip II]].<ref>Strabo. ''Geography'', 7.7: "The Lyncestae were under Arrhabaeus, who was of the race of the Bacchiadae. Irra was his daughter, and his grand-daughter was Eurydice, the mother of Philip Amyntas."</ref>
 In [[Ancient Rome|Roman times]], the [[Via Egnatia]] crossed the area and there were several Roman stations in it.<ref>{{harvnb|Samsaris|1989|pp=24, 182}}.</ref>