Eutheriodontia: Difference between revisions

Eutheriodontia; Temporal range: Middle Permian-Holocene, 265–0 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Non-mammalian synapsids died out 17.5 million years ago
	Life restoration of the therocephalian Microgomphodon
	Life restoration of the cynodont Tritylodon
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Synapsida
Clade:	Therapsida
Clade:	Theriodontia
Clade:	Eutheriodontia; Hopson & Barghusen, 1986
Groups
	†Therocephalia; Cynodontia

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Revision as of 14:13, 4 November 2020

The Eutheriodontia are a clade of therapsids that includes therocephalians and cynodonts.

The clade was named in 1986 by James Allen Hopson and Herbert Richard Barghusen, the name meaning the "True Theriodontia". Within Hopson's system, the Eutheriodontia are the sister group of the Gorgonopsia within the Theriodontia.^[1] A close relationship between therocephalians and cynodonts had been recognized for many years. In 2001 the Eutheriodontia were defined as the least inclusive clade including Mammalia and Bauria.^[2]

Therocephalians and cynodonts are thought to have diverged in the Middle Permian, and each group independently evolved mammal-like features, including a secondary palate and the loss of a postorbital bar (these features were retained in mammals, which are considered a derived group of cynodonts). Mammalian features that both groups inherited from a common ancestor include the loss of teeth on the palate, the expansion of the epipterygoid bone at the base of the skull (an area called the alisphenoid in mammals), and the narrowing of the skull roof to a narrow sagittal crest running between large temporal openings.^[3]

References

^ Hopson J.A. and Barghusen H. 1986. "An analysis of therapsid relationships". pp. 83–106 in: Hotton N., MacLean P.D., Roth J.J., Roth E.C., eds. The Ecology and Biology of the Mammal-Like Reptiles. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press
^ James A. Hopson and James W. Kitching, 2001, "A Probainognathian Cynodont from South Africa and the Phylogeny of Nonmammalian Cynodonts" pp 5-35 in: PARISH A. JENKINS, JR., MICHAEL D. SHAPIRO, AND TOMASZ OWERKOWICZ, EDITORS, STUDIES IN ORGANISMIC AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY IN HONOR OF A. W. CROMPTON Bullettin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Harvard University 156(1)
^ Rubidge, B.S.; Sidor, C.A. (2001). "Evolutionary patterns among Permo-Triassic therapsids" (PDF). Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. 32: 449–480. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.32.081501.114113. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-21.

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[1] Hopson J.A. and Barghusen H. 1986. "An analysis of therapsid relationships". pp. 83–106 in: Hotton N., MacLean P.D., Roth J.J., Roth E.C., eds. The Ecology and Biology of the Mammal-Like Reptiles. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press

[2] James A. Hopson and James W. Kitching, 2001, "A Probainognathian Cynodont from South Africa and the Phylogeny of Nonmammalian Cynodonts" pp 5-35 in: PARISH A. JENKINS, JR., MICHAEL D. SHAPIRO, AND TOMASZ OWERKOWICZ, EDITORS, STUDIES IN ORGANISMIC AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY IN HONOR OF A. W. CROMPTON Bullettin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Harvard University 156(1)

[RS01-3] Rubidge, B.S.; Sidor, C.A. (2001). "Evolutionary patterns among Permo-Triassic therapsids" (PDF). Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. 32: 449–480. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.32.081501.114113. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-21.

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