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Also, over the course of a year beginning in 2018, the two men allegedly introduced Giuliani to Ukrainians who were amenable to promoting "a largely unsubstantiated narrative about the Bidens."<ref name=":0" /> These included [[Yuriy Lutsenko]], a former [[Prosecutor General of Ukraine]], who was critical to Giuliani's efforts to produce damaging information. [[Viktor Shokin]], also a former Prosecutor General of Ukraine, was part of this group. Parnas and [[Robert F. Hyde]] reportedly exchanged messages indicating that then-Ambassador Marie Yovanovitch was under surveillance and that they were working to have her removed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/14/politics/robert-hyde-marie-yovanovitch/index.html|title=Trump supporter and Giuliani associate discussed surveilling Yovanovitch|author1=Erica Orden |author2=Kara Scannell|website=CNN|access-date=2020-01-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/who-is-robert-f-hyde-the-trump-donor-who-apparently-tracked-marie-yovanovitch|title=Meet the Trump Donor Who Allegedly Stalked America's Ambassador in Ukraine|last=Swan|first=Will Sommer{{!}}Betsy|date=2020-01-15|access-date=2020-01-18|language=en}}</ref> |
Also, over the course of a year beginning in 2018, the two men allegedly introduced Giuliani to Ukrainians who were amenable to promoting "a largely unsubstantiated narrative about the Bidens."<ref name=":0" /> These included [[Yuriy Lutsenko]], a former [[Prosecutor General of Ukraine]], who was critical to Giuliani's efforts to produce damaging information. [[Viktor Shokin]], also a former Prosecutor General of Ukraine, was part of this group. Parnas and [[Robert F. Hyde]] reportedly exchanged messages indicating that then-Ambassador Marie Yovanovitch was under surveillance and that they were working to have her removed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/14/politics/robert-hyde-marie-yovanovitch/index.html|title=Trump supporter and Giuliani associate discussed surveilling Yovanovitch|author1=Erica Orden |author2=Kara Scannell|website=CNN|access-date=2020-01-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/who-is-robert-f-hyde-the-trump-donor-who-apparently-tracked-marie-yovanovitch|title=Meet the Trump Donor Who Allegedly Stalked America's Ambassador in Ukraine|last=Swan|first=Will Sommer{{!}}Betsy|date=2020-01-15|access-date=2020-01-18|language=en}}</ref> |
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The New York field office of the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI), along with [[United States District Court for the Southern District of New York|SDNY]] prosecutors, are conducting a criminal investigation of Giuliani's relationship with Parnas and Fruman.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/rudy-giulianis-relationship-arrested-men-subject-criminal-investigation/story?id=66212654|title=Rudy Giuliani's relationship with arrested men is subject of criminal investigation: Sources|website=ABC News|language=en|access-date=2020-01-18}}</ref> Giuliani is under investigation for potentially violating lobbying laws.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/11/us/politics/rudy-giuliani-investigation.html|title=Giuliani Is Said to Be Under Investigation for Ukraine Work|last=Schmidt|first=Michael S.|date=2019-10-11|work=The New York Times|access-date=2020-01-18|last2=Protess|first2=Ben|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|last3=Vogel|first3=Kenneth P.|last4=Rashbaum|first4=William K.}}</ref> Parnas was initially being legally represented by [[John M. Dowd]], who was Trump's personal attorney in the Mueller investigation in |
The New York field office of the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI), along with [[United States District Court for the Southern District of New York|SDNY]] prosecutors, are conducting a criminal investigation of Giuliani's relationship with Parnas and Fruman.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/rudy-giulianis-relationship-arrested-men-subject-criminal-investigation/story?id=66212654|title=Rudy Giuliani's relationship with arrested men is subject of criminal investigation: Sources|website=ABC News|language=en|access-date=2020-01-18}}</ref> Giuliani is under investigation for potentially violating lobbying laws.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/11/us/politics/rudy-giuliani-investigation.html|title=Giuliani Is Said to Be Under Investigation for Ukraine Work|last=Schmidt|first=Michael S.|date=2019-10-11|work=The New York Times|access-date=2020-01-18|last2=Protess|first2=Ben|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|last3=Vogel|first3=Kenneth P.|last4=Rashbaum|first4=William K.}}</ref> Parnas was initially being legally represented by [[John M. Dowd]], who was Trump's personal attorney in the Mueller investigation in 2017–18, until he fired him and hired Joseph A. Bondy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.salon.com/2019/11/22/lev-parnas-offers-impeachment-investigators-hard-evidence-of-trump-wrongdoing/|title=Lev Parnas offers impeachment investigators "hard evidence" of wrongdoing after flipping on Trump|date=2019-11-22|website=Salon|language=en|access-date=2020-01-18}}</ref> Dowd initially represented Fruman as well.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/10/21/its-not-just-giuliani-intertwining-team-focused-trump-ukraine/|title=Analysis {{!}} It's not just Giuliani: The intertwining team focused on Trump and Ukraine|last=Bump|first=Philip|date=|website=Washington Post|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-01-18}}</ref> |
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== Arrest == |
== Arrest == |
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Revision as of 19:56, 4 November 2020
Igor Fruman | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1966 (age 57–58) |
| Nationality | United States |
Igor Fruman (born 1966)[1] is an Belarusian-born American businessman. He is an associate of Rudy Giuliani who, along with Lev Parnas, allegedly aided in a search in Ukraine for detrimental information on U.S. President Donald Trump's political opponents. This allegedly included looking for evidence for a narrative to counter Robert Mueller's Special Counsel investigation and information on former Vice President Joe Biden.[2][3][4][5]
Career
Fruman was born in Kalinkavichy, Gomel Region, Belarus, and immigrated to the U.S., later working in Ukraine for a time.[6] He lived in the Detroit metropolitan area before moving to South Florida. He has owned an import/export business in Ukraine as well as a beach bar named Mafia Rave in Odessa, Ukraine.[7][8][9] Fruman attended the state funeral in December 2018 of former U.S. president George H. W. Bush, apparently as a guest of Rudy Giuliani.[10] Fruman's marriage to Yelyzaveta Naumova ended in divorce.[11]
Fruman partnered with Lev Parnas in an energy related venture.[7][12] In addition to working on joint business and political efforts, Parnas and Fruman have been involved in Jewish charities and causes in the U.S., Ukraine and Israel.[13] Fruman and Parnas are on the board of a Ukrainian-Jewish charity, "Friends of Anatevka", founded by Ukrainian rabbi Moshe Reuven Azman, to provide a refuge for Jews affected by the Russian military intervention in Ukraine.[14] Parnas and Fruman visited Israel in the summer of 2018 as a part of a delegation, led by former Arkansas Governor Mike Huckabee and joined by Anthony Scaramucci, of "right-wing Jewish and evangelical supporters of Trump." While there, the group met with various leaders and personalities including the U.S. Ambassador to Israel, David M. Friedman, Benjamin Netanyahu's son Yair Netanyahu, as well as billionaire Simon Falic, one of Netanyahu's most generous donors.[15] Huckabee joined the two once again in March 2019 when they were awarded with the "Chovevei Zion" (Lovers of Zion) awards at a gala for the National Council of Young Israel, an event focused on supporting President Trump and Israeli West Bank settlements. Rudy Giuliani and House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy were in attendance as well. While in Israel Parnas and Fruman also met with oligarch Ihor Kolomoyskyi, a wealthy Ukrainian under investigation by the Department of Justice for money laundering.[13]
Trump–Ukraine scandal
| Trump–Ukraine scandal |
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| Events |
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| Conspiracy theories |
In 2018, Parnas and Fruman hired Giuliani, the president's personal attorney, to serve as a consultant as the two, according to Giulani, were "ramping up" a security business with the felicitous name "Fraud Guarantee".[16] (Parnas had chosen the name "Fraud Guarantee" in 2013 to clean up his Google search results after accusations of fraud in previous ventures.)[17] Florida authorities had apparently dissolved Fraud Guarantee in September 2014 for failing to file an annual report, which would have limited the company to activities related to closing itself down.[18]
The Republican donor, Trump supporter and Long Island attorney Charles Gucciardo paid Giuliani on behalf of Fraud Guarantee in two $250,000 payments, in September and October 2018.[19]
Late in 2018, Giuliani allegedly sent the two to Ukraine to search for damaging information on Trump's U.S. political rivals. According to The New York Times, "Their mission was to find people and information that could be used to undermine the Special Counsel's investigation, and also to damage former Vice President Joseph R. Biden." Both were allegedly also at the center of the pro-Trump forces' push to remove Marie Yovanovitch, the U.S. ambassador to Ukraine, because her loyalty to President Trump was deemed deficient as Trump pursued his agenda there.[20] It is also alleged that the two pressed for support for allegations that former Ukrainian officials schemed to manipulate the 2016 election to support Hillary Clinton, by revealing adverse information about Paul Manafort, chairman of Trump's campaign, which became a central element in Mueller's special counsel investigation.[21]
Also, over the course of a year beginning in 2018, the two men allegedly introduced Giuliani to Ukrainians who were amenable to promoting "a largely unsubstantiated narrative about the Bidens."[20] These included Yuriy Lutsenko, a former Prosecutor General of Ukraine, who was critical to Giuliani's efforts to produce damaging information. Viktor Shokin, also a former Prosecutor General of Ukraine, was part of this group. Parnas and Robert F. Hyde reportedly exchanged messages indicating that then-Ambassador Marie Yovanovitch was under surveillance and that they were working to have her removed.[22][23]
The New York field office of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), along with SDNY prosecutors, are conducting a criminal investigation of Giuliani's relationship with Parnas and Fruman.[24] Giuliani is under investigation for potentially violating lobbying laws.[25] Parnas was initially being legally represented by John M. Dowd, who was Trump's personal attorney in the Mueller investigation in 2017–18, until he fired him and hired Joseph A. Bondy.[26] Dowd initially represented Fruman as well.[27]
Arrest
Fruman and Lev Parnas were arrested on the evening of October 9, 2019, at Dulles International Airport, and charged with planning to direct funds from a foreign government "to U.S. politicians while trying to influence U.S.-Ukraine relations".[28] They had one-way tickets to Frankfurt, Germany, and were reported to be going to Vienna, Austria.[29][30] The reason for their arrest was described as a "complex web of financial and political interactions linking diplomacy to alleged violations of campaign finance law." The head of the New York's FBI office described the investigation as "about corrupt behavior, deliberate lawbreaking".[31][29][32]
The charges have also allegedly connected Parnas and Fruman to the campaign to oust the United States ambassador to Ukraine, Marie Yovanovitch, from her post and have her recalled.[29] This occurred over many months.[32] In 2018, the operation included Parnas and Fruman donating funds and pledging further additional moneys to an unnamed Congressman, who was recruited for the "campaign to oust her."[29] Some of the funds violated campaign limits. The funds were funneled through a shell company, Global Energy Producers.[33] Parnas and Fruman were also charged with unlawful campaign contributions. Based on campaign finance filings, former congressional Representative Pete Sessions (R-Texas) has been identified as the unnamed Congressman. In 2018, as the Chairman of the House Rules Committee, Sessions wrote a letter to Secretary of State Mike Pompeo saying that Yovanovitch should be fired for privately expressing "disdain" for the Trump administration.[29]
See also
References
- ^ Briman, Shimon (March 6, 2018). "Russian-speaking businessman took part in Trump's meeting with potential donors to his 2020 campaign of the year". ForumDaily. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
- ^ "Two Unofficial US Operatives Reporting To Trump's Lawyer Privately Lobbied A Foreign Government In A Bid To Help The President Win In 2020". BuzzFeed News. July 22, 2019.
- ^ "Two Key Players In The Ukraine Controversy Spent Lavishly As They Dug For Dirt on Biden". BuzzFeed News. October 9, 2019.
- ^ Levin, Bess (October 10, 2019). "Giuliani's Ukraine Goons Arrested Trying to Flee the U.S." Vanity Fair. Condé Nast.
- ^ Viswanatha, Aruna; Ballhaus, Rebecca; Gurman, Sadie; Tau, Byron (October 10, 2019). "Two Giuliani Associates Who Helped Him on Ukraine Charged With Campaign-Finance Violations". The Wall Street Journal.
- ^ Briman, Shimon (March 6, 2018). "Russian-speaking businessman took part in Trump's meeting with potential donors to his 2020 campaign of the year". ForumDaily. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
- ^ a b Entous, Adam (October 15, 2019). "How Lev Parnas Became Part of the Trump Campaign's "One Big Family"". The New Yorker.
- ^ McCall, Rosie (October 11, 2019). "Arrested Giuliani Ukraine Associates Operated Companies Called 'Fraud Guarantee' and 'Mafia Rave'". Newsweek.
- ^ "Giuliani and Former Detroiter Fruman Arrested". The Jewish News. October 11, 2019.
- ^ Weber, Peter (October 16, 2019). "Jeb Bush is disappointed Rudy Giuliani brought now-indicted associate to George H.W. Bush's state funeral". The Week.
- ^ Belford, Aubrey; Melkozerova, Veronika (July 22, 2019). "Meet the Florida Duo Helping Giuliani Investigate for Trump in Ukraine". Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project.
- ^ "Giuliani's arrested associates have tangled past". Financial Times. October 11, 2019.
- ^ a b Sallah, Michael; Kozyreva, Tanya; Belford, Aubrey (October 1, 2019). "Congress Wants Answers From Two Men Who Led Smear Campaign Against Biden — Under Giuliani's Direction". BuzzFeed News.
- ^ Sales, Ben (October 11, 2019). "Orthodox Synagogue association honored 2 Giuliani associates before arrests". The Times of Israel.
- ^ Tibon, Amir (October 10, 2019). "These arrested Giuliani Associates, Linked to Trump's Ukraine scandal, Have Ties to Israel's Right". Haaretz.
- ^ Helderman, Rosalind S.; Dawsey, Josh; Sonne, Paul. "How two Soviet-born emigres made it into elite Trump circles — and the center of the impeachment storm". Washington Post. Retrieved January 18, 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ O’Brien, Joe Palazzolo and Rebecca Davis. "Giuliani Associate Left Trail of Troubled Businesses Before Ukraine Probe Push". WSJ. Retrieved January 18, 2020.
- ^ Eaton, Joshua; Timms, Ed; Eaton, Joshua; Timms, Ed (October 17, 2019). "State officials dissolved company long before $500K deal with Giuliani". Retrieved January 18, 2020.
- ^ Vogel, Kenneth P.; Protess, Ben; Nir, Sarah Maslin (November 6, 2019). "Behind the Deal That Put Giuliani Together With a Dirt-Hunting Partner". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 18, 2020.
- ^ a b Vogel, Kenneth P. (October 10, 2019). "Giuliani's Ukraine Team: In Search of Influence, Dirt and Money". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 18, 2020.
- ^ Kyiv, Rebecca Ballhaus and Alan Cullison in Washington and Brett Forrest in. "WSJ News Exclusive | Giuliani Associates Urged Ukraine's Prior President to Open Biden, Election Probes". WSJ. Retrieved January 18, 2020.
- ^ Erica Orden; Kara Scannell. "Trump supporter and Giuliani associate discussed surveilling Yovanovitch". CNN. Retrieved January 18, 2020.
- ^ Swan, Will Sommer|Betsy (January 15, 2020). "Meet the Trump Donor Who Allegedly Stalked America's Ambassador in Ukraine". Retrieved January 18, 2020.
- ^ "Rudy Giuliani's relationship with arrested men is subject of criminal investigation: Sources". ABC News. Retrieved January 18, 2020.
- ^ Schmidt, Michael S.; Protess, Ben; Vogel, Kenneth P.; Rashbaum, William K. (October 11, 2019). "Giuliani Is Said to Be Under Investigation for Ukraine Work". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 18, 2020.
- ^ "Lev Parnas offers impeachment investigators "hard evidence" of wrongdoing after flipping on Trump". Salon. November 22, 2019. Retrieved January 18, 2020.
- ^ Bump, Philip. "Analysis | It's not just Giuliani: The intertwining team focused on Trump and Ukraine". Washington Post. Retrieved January 18, 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Two business associates of Trump's personal attorney Giuliani have been arrested on campaign finance charges". The Washington Post.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b c d e Mazzetti, Mark; Sullivan, Eileen; Goldman, Adam; Rashbaum, William K. (October 10, 2019). "2 Giuliani Associates Arrested With One-Way Tickets at U.S. Airport". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 19, 2020.
- ^ Tau, Aruna Viswanatha, Rebecca Ballhaus, Sadie Gurman and Byron. "Two Giuliani Associates Who Helped Him on Ukraine Charged With Campaign-Finance Violations". WSJ. Retrieved January 21, 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "United States of America v. Lev Parnas, Igor Fruman, David Correia, and Andrey Kukushkin" (PDF).
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b "Profit, not politics: Trump allies sought Ukraine gas deal". AP NEWS. October 7, 2019. Retrieved January 19, 2020.
- ^ "How A Complicated Web Connects 2 Soviet-Born Businessmen With The Impeachment Inquiry". NPR.org. Retrieved January 19, 2020.