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Cai Xia was born in October 1952<ref name="dw_20201708"/> in [[Suzhou]]<ref>{{cite web |title=蔡霞 |url=http://www.tsyzm.com/CN/news/news1188.shtml |website=《探索与争鸣》 |accessdate=24 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200818070516/http://www.tsyzm.com/CN/news/news1188.shtml|archivedate=18 August 2020}}</ref> and was raised in [[Jiangsu]] in a family with close ties to the military, in which she later served herself before joining the [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP) in 1982.<ref name="guardian_20200821"/> Eventually she turned to work in academia, earning a doctorate in law at the [[Central Party School of the Chinese Communist Party|Central Party School]] in 1988.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.readingthechinadream.com/cai-xia-advancing-constitutional-democracy.html#|title=Cai Xia, "Advancing Constitutional Democracy". Translated by Timothy Cheek, Joshua A. Fogel, and David Ownby|work=Reading the China Dream|date=n.d.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212165129/https://www.readingthechinadream.com/cai-xia-advancing-constitutional-democracy.html|archive-date=2020-02-12|url-status=live}}</ref> Specializing in the fields of party ideology and party building of the government party (with "party" referring to the CCP), she published over 60 scholarly papers between 1989 and 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aisixiang.com/thinktank/caixia.html|title=蔡霞|work=爱思想网|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227165311/http://www.aisixiang.com/thinktank/caixia.html|archive-date=27 February 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> As of 2012, she was a professor at the party-building center of the Central Party School,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rendezvous.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/07/11/no-women-at-the-top-in-china/|title=No Women at the Top in China|first=Didi Kirsten|last=Tatlow|work=[[nytimes.com]]|date=11 July 2012|access-date=26 September 2020}}</ref> retiring the same year after 15 years of service.<ref name="nytimes_20200926">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/18/world/asia/china-cai-xia-expelled-communist-party.html|title=She Was a Communist Party Insider in China. Then She Denounced Xi.|first=Chris|last=Buckley|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=20 August 2020|access-date=26 September 2020}}</ref>
Cai Xia was born in October 1952<ref name="dw_20201708"/> in [[Suzhou]]<ref>{{cite web |title=蔡霞 |url=http://www.tsyzm.com/CN/news/news1188.shtml |website=《探索与争鸣》 |accessdate=24 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200818070516/http://www.tsyzm.com/CN/news/news1188.shtml|archivedate=18 August 2020}}</ref> and was raised in [[Jiangsu]] in a family with close ties to the military, in which she later served herself before joining the [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP) in 1982.<ref name="guardian_20200821"/> Eventually she turned to work in academia, earning a doctorate in law at the [[Central Party School of the Chinese Communist Party|Central Party School]] in 1988.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.readingthechinadream.com/cai-xia-advancing-constitutional-democracy.html#|title=Cai Xia, "Advancing Constitutional Democracy". Translated by Timothy Cheek, Joshua A. Fogel, and David Ownby|work=Reading the China Dream|date=n.d.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212165129/https://www.readingthechinadream.com/cai-xia-advancing-constitutional-democracy.html|archive-date=2020-02-12|url-status=live}}</ref> Specializing in the fields of party ideology and party building of the government party (with "party" referring to the CCP), she published over 60 scholarly papers between 1989 and 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aisixiang.com/thinktank/caixia.html|title=蔡霞|work=爱思想网|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227165311/http://www.aisixiang.com/thinktank/caixia.html|archive-date=27 February 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> As of 2012, she was a professor at the party-building center of the Central Party School,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rendezvous.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/07/11/no-women-at-the-top-in-china/|title=No Women at the Top in China|first=Didi Kirsten|last=Tatlow|work=[[nytimes.com]]|date=11 July 2012|access-date=26 September 2020}}</ref> retiring the same year after 15 years of service.<ref name="nytimes_20200926">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/18/world/asia/china-cai-xia-expelled-communist-party.html|title=She Was a Communist Party Insider in China. Then She Denounced Xi.|first=Chris|last=Buckley|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=20 August 2020|access-date=26 September 2020}}</ref>


According to an August 2020 article in ''The Guardian'', Cai began doubting the party orthodoxy in the early 2000s, when she assisted President [[Jiang Zemin]] with the drafting of his [[Three Represents]] theory.<ref name="guardian_20200821"/> By that time she was frequently present in Chinese news media, advocating for liberal views including the opening of the CCP to more businesspeople and professionals.<ref name="nytimes_20200926"/> For some years she continued to believe in the ability of the CCP to solve its problems through reform, but her hopes gradually evaporated after [[Xi Jinping]] came to power in 2012 and implemented measures that Cai saw as going in the wrong direction.<ref name="guardian_20200821"/> In 2013, she wrote an essay defending [[Charles Xue|Charles Xue (Xue Manzi)]] after Xue had been arrested on charges of soliciting a prostitute. In the piece, which widely circulated on the microblogging site [[Tencent Weibo|Weibo]], Cai opined that the offence had been a private matter of no consequence to the public, and called for a discussion of protection of individual rights.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://amp.theatlantic.com/amp/article/279171/|title=The Terrible Lives of Chinese Sex Workers|first=Isabel|last=Quan|work=[[The Atlantic]]|date=29 August 2013|access-date=24 September 2020}}</ref> In 2016, she wrote an article in defence of [[Ren Zhiqiang]], who had been put on probation after that latter's heavy criticism of statements by President Xi about the role of Chinese media. These and other essays were later removed by internet censors.<ref name="guardian_20200821"/> In an August 2020 interview, after her move to the United States, Cai said that the incident that had erased all her remaining faith in the party was the Chinese authorities' handling of the death of environmentalist [[Lei Yang]] in police custody.<ref name="nytimes_20200926"/> In an essay dated 25 July 2020, published by ''Radio Free Asia'', she denounced the treatment of [[Xu Zhangrun]], who had been detained earlier that month, as "openly intimidating all in the Chinese scholarly community".<ref name="nytimes_20200926"/>
According to an August 2020 article in ''The Guardian'', Cai began doubting the party orthodoxy in the early 2000s, when she assisted then-CCP general secretary [[Jiang Zemin]] with the drafting of his [[Three Represents]] theory.<ref name="guardian_20200821"/> By that time she was frequently present in Chinese news media, advocating for liberal views including the opening of the CCP to more businesspeople and professionals.<ref name="nytimes_20200926"/> For some years she continued to believe in the ability of the CCP to solve its problems through reform, but her hopes gradually evaporated after [[Xi Jinping]] came to power in 2012 and implemented measures that Cai saw as going in the wrong direction.<ref name="guardian_20200821"/> In 2013, she wrote an essay defending [[Charles Xue|Charles Xue (Xue Manzi)]] after Xue had been arrested on charges of soliciting a prostitute. In the piece, which widely circulated on the microblogging site [[Tencent Weibo|Weibo]], Cai opined that the offence had been a private matter of no consequence to the public, and called for a discussion of protection of individual rights.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://amp.theatlantic.com/amp/article/279171/|title=The Terrible Lives of Chinese Sex Workers|first=Isabel|last=Quan|work=[[The Atlantic]]|date=29 August 2013|access-date=24 September 2020}}</ref> In 2016, she wrote an article in defence of [[Ren Zhiqiang]], who had been put on probation after that latter's heavy criticism of statements by CCP leader Xi Jinping about the role of Chinese media. These and other essays were later removed by internet censors.<ref name="guardian_20200821"/> In an August 2020 interview, after her move to the United States, Cai said that the incident that had erased all her remaining faith in the party was the Chinese authorities' handling of the death of environmentalist [[Lei Yang]] in police custody.<ref name="nytimes_20200926"/> In an essay dated 25 July 2020, published by ''Radio Free Asia'', she denounced the treatment of [[Xu Zhangrun]], who had been detained earlier that month, as "openly intimidating all in the Chinese scholarly community".<ref name="nytimes_20200926"/>


== Expulsion from the Party ==
== Expulsion from the Party ==
On 17 August 2020, Cai's membership in the CCP was rescinded and her retirement benefits cut. This was presumed to be in relation to audio recordings in which she called President Xi a "mafia boss" who ought to be replaced, and in which she described the CCP as a "political zombie".<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-politics-professor/chinese-academic-disciplined-after-criticising-xi-and-communist-party-idUSKCN25D1DG |title = Chinese academic disciplined after criticising Xi and Communist Party |first=Lun Tian |last=Yew |website =[[Reuters.com]] |date=17 August 2020 |access-date=24 September 2020 }}</ref> Cai, who was residing in the United States at the time of the expulsion, told the ''New York Times'' that she had contemplated resigning from the CCP since much earlier, and welcomed no longer being a CCP member, saying that it had allowed her to regain freedom.<ref name="dw_20201708" /><ref name="nytimes_20200926"/>
On 17 August 2020, Cai's membership in the CCP was rescinded and her retirement benefits cut. This was presumed to be in relation to audio recordings in which she called CCP general secretary Xi Jinping a "mafia boss" who ought to be replaced, and in which she described the CCP as a "political zombie".<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-politics-professor/chinese-academic-disciplined-after-criticising-xi-and-communist-party-idUSKCN25D1DG |title = Chinese academic disciplined after criticising Xi and Communist Party |first=Lun Tian |last=Yew |website =[[Reuters.com]] |date=17 August 2020 |access-date=24 September 2020 }}</ref> Cai, who was residing in the United States at the time of the expulsion, told the ''New York Times'' that she had contemplated resigning from the CCP since much earlier, and welcomed no longer being a CCP member, saying that it had allowed her to regain freedom.<ref name="dw_20201708" /><ref name="nytimes_20200926"/>


On 23 August 2020, in an interview with CNN, Cai Xia expressed support for the U.S. government's ban on [[Huawei]] and proposed that [[United States sanctions against China|the U.S. government impose sanctions on CCP officials]], while asking the international community to prevent the CCP from infiltrating international organizations.<ref>{{cite news |title = 蔡霞：习近平不下台 中共体制将全面瓦解 |url = https://www.dw.com/zh/%E8%94%A1%E9%9C%9E%E4%B9%A0%E8%BF%91%E5%B9%B3%E4%B8%8D%E4%B8%8B%E5%8F%B0-%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%B1%E4%BD%93%E5%88%B6%E5%B0%86%E5%85%A8%E9%9D%A2%E7%93%A6%E8%A7%A3/a-54668815 |publisher = [[Deutsche Welle]] |access-date=24 August 2020 |archive-date=25 August 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200825195916/https://www.dw.com/zh/%E8%94%A1%E9%9C%9E%E4%B9%A0%E8%BF%91%E5%B9%B3%E4%B8%8D%E4%B8%8B%E5%8F%B0-%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%B1%E4%BD%93%E5%88%B6%E5%B0%86%E5%85%A8%E9%9D%A2%E7%93%A6%E8%A7%A3/a-54668815 |url-status=live }}</ref>
On 23 August 2020, in an interview with CNN, Cai Xia expressed support for the U.S. government's ban on [[Huawei]] and proposed that [[United States sanctions against China|the U.S. government impose sanctions on CCP officials]], while asking the international community to prevent the CCP from infiltrating international organizations.<ref>{{cite news |title = 蔡霞：习近平不下台 中共体制将全面瓦解 |url = https://www.dw.com/zh/%E8%94%A1%E9%9C%9E%E4%B9%A0%E8%BF%91%E5%B9%B3%E4%B8%8D%E4%B8%8B%E5%8F%B0-%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%B1%E4%BD%93%E5%88%B6%E5%B0%86%E5%85%A8%E9%9D%A2%E7%93%A6%E8%A7%A3/a-54668815 |publisher = [[Deutsche Welle]] |access-date=24 August 2020 |archive-date=25 August 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200825195916/https://www.dw.com/zh/%E8%94%A1%E9%9C%9E%E4%B9%A0%E8%BF%91%E5%B9%B3%E4%B8%8D%E4%B8%8B%E5%8F%B0-%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%B1%E4%BD%93%E5%88%B6%E5%B0%86%E5%85%A8%E9%9D%A2%E7%93%A6%E8%A7%A3/a-54668815 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Revision as of 04:30, 6 November 2020

Cai Xia (Chinese: 蔡霞; pinyin: Cài Xiá, born October 1952)[1] is a Chinese dissident who in the past was a high-ranking member of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). She is a retired professor of the CCP Central Party School. She is an advocate of political liberalisation and has been critical to CCP General Secretary Xi Jinping. She was expelled from the Chinese Communist Party in August 2020 for criticising the CCP. She has resided in the United States of America since 2019.[2][3][4]

Career

Cai Xia was born in October 1952[1] in Suzhou[5] and was raised in Jiangsu in a family with close ties to the military, in which she later served herself before joining the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 1982.[3] Eventually she turned to work in academia, earning a doctorate in law at the Central Party School in 1988.[6] Specializing in the fields of party ideology and party building of the government party (with "party" referring to the CCP), she published over 60 scholarly papers between 1989 and 2020.[7] As of 2012, she was a professor at the party-building center of the Central Party School,[8] retiring the same year after 15 years of service.[9]

According to an August 2020 article in The Guardian, Cai began doubting the party orthodoxy in the early 2000s, when she assisted then-CCP general secretary Jiang Zemin with the drafting of his Three Represents theory.[3] By that time she was frequently present in Chinese news media, advocating for liberal views including the opening of the CCP to more businesspeople and professionals.[9] For some years she continued to believe in the ability of the CCP to solve its problems through reform, but her hopes gradually evaporated after Xi Jinping came to power in 2012 and implemented measures that Cai saw as going in the wrong direction.[3] In 2013, she wrote an essay defending Charles Xue (Xue Manzi) after Xue had been arrested on charges of soliciting a prostitute. In the piece, which widely circulated on the microblogging site Weibo, Cai opined that the offence had been a private matter of no consequence to the public, and called for a discussion of protection of individual rights.[10] In 2016, she wrote an article in defence of Ren Zhiqiang, who had been put on probation after that latter's heavy criticism of statements by CCP leader Xi Jinping about the role of Chinese media. These and other essays were later removed by internet censors.[3] In an August 2020 interview, after her move to the United States, Cai said that the incident that had erased all her remaining faith in the party was the Chinese authorities' handling of the death of environmentalist Lei Yang in police custody.[9] In an essay dated 25 July 2020, published by Radio Free Asia, she denounced the treatment of Xu Zhangrun, who had been detained earlier that month, as "openly intimidating all in the Chinese scholarly community".[9]

Expulsion from the Party

On 17 August 2020, Cai's membership in the CCP was rescinded and her retirement benefits cut. This was presumed to be in relation to audio recordings in which she called CCP general secretary Xi Jinping a "mafia boss" who ought to be replaced, and in which she described the CCP as a "political zombie".[11] Cai, who was residing in the United States at the time of the expulsion, told the New York Times that she had contemplated resigning from the CCP since much earlier, and welcomed no longer being a CCP member, saying that it had allowed her to regain freedom.[1][9]

On 23 August 2020, in an interview with CNN, Cai Xia expressed support for the U.S. government's ban on Huawei and proposed that the U.S. government impose sanctions on CCP officials, while asking the international community to prevent the CCP from infiltrating international organizations.[12]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c 称中共"政治僵尸" 蔡霞被中央党校开除党籍 | DW | 17 August 2020. Deutsche Welle (in Chinese (China)). Retrieved 25 August 2020.
  2. ^ Staff, C. N. N. (23 August 2020). "China's Communist Party is a threat to the world, says former elite insider". CNN. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d e Kuo, Lily (21 August 2020). "China's Cai Xia: former party insider who dared criticise Xi Jinping". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
  4. ^ "Explained: Who is Cai Xia, the Chinese dissident who called Xi Jinping a 'mafia boss'". The Indian Express. 24 August 2020. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
  5. ^ "蔡霞". 《探索与争鸣》. Archived from the original on 18 August 2020. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
  6. ^ "Cai Xia, "Advancing Constitutional Democracy". Translated by Timothy Cheek, Joshua A. Fogel, and David Ownby". Reading the China Dream. n.d. Archived from the original on 2020-02-12.
  7. ^ "蔡霞". 爱思想网. Archived from the original on 27 February 2020.
  8. ^ Tatlow, Didi Kirsten (11 July 2012). "No Women at the Top in China". nytimes.com. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
  9. ^ a b c d e Buckley, Chris (20 August 2020). "She Was a Communist Party Insider in China. Then She Denounced Xi". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
  10. ^ Quan, Isabel (29 August 2013). "The Terrible Lives of Chinese Sex Workers". The Atlantic. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
  11. ^ Yew, Lun Tian (17 August 2020). "Chinese academic disciplined after criticising Xi and Communist Party". Reuters.com. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
  12. ^ "蔡霞：习近平不下台 中共体制将全面瓦解". Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on 25 August 2020. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
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