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==Origin and early life==
==Origin and early life==
An ethnic [[Croats|Croat]], Hrkać was born in [[Mokro, Široki Brijeg]], [[PR Bosnia and Herzegovina]] in 1947.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pecat.co.rs/2010/01/hrvatska-cirilica-iz-sirokog-brijega/|title=Hrvatska ćirilica iz Širokog Brijega|website=Печат - Лист слободне Србије|language=sr-RS|access-date=2019-09-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5LGLYG_ou4kC&q=belgrade+railway+bomb|title=Summary of the Yugoslav Press|last=Service|first=Joint Translation|date=1969-05-09|language=en}}</ref> There are conflicting reports of his trade, some sources identifying Hrkać as a carpenter<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.novosti.rs/dodatni_sadrzaj/clanci.119.html:579339-Pakao-u-bioskopu-20-oktobar|title=Pakao u bioskopu "20. oktobar"|website=www.novosti.rs|language=sr-Latn|access-date=2019-10-08}}</ref>, others as a mason<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-41911349.html|title=JUGOSLAWIEN: So schnell|date=1973-10-01|work=Spiegel Online|access-date=2019-10-08|volume=40}}</ref>, while some sources simply identify him as a "worker".<ref name=":2" />
An ethnic [[Croats|Croat]], Hrkać was born in [[Mokro, Široki Brijeg]], [[PR Bosnia and Herzegovina]] in 1947.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pecat.co.rs/2010/01/hrvatska-cirilica-iz-sirokog-brijega/|title=Hrvatska ćirilica iz Širokog Brijega|website=Печат - Лист слободне Србије|language=sr-RS|access-date=2019-09-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5LGLYG_ou4kC&q=belgrade+railway+bomb|title=Summary of the Yugoslav Press|last=Service|first=Joint Translation|date=1969-05-09|language=en}}</ref> There are conflicting reports of his trade, some sources identifying Hrkać as a carpenter,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.novosti.rs/dodatni_sadrzaj/clanci.119.html:579339-Pakao-u-bioskopu-20-oktobar|title=Pakao u bioskopu "20. oktobar"|website=www.novosti.rs|language=sr-Latn|access-date=2019-10-08}}</ref> others as a mason,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-41911349.html|title=JUGOSLAWIEN: So schnell|date=1973-10-01|work=Spiegel Online|access-date=2019-10-08|volume=40}}</ref> while some sources simply identify him as a "worker".<ref name=":2" />


Hrvać may have had a daughter named Milijenka Hrvaća.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.osmrtnica.ba/zapisi_vise.php?id_zapis=8930|title=Osmrtnica.ba - Miljenko () Hrkać (11.1.1978. - 11.1.2019.) Široki Brijeg -|website=www.osmrtnica.ba|access-date=2019-10-08}}</ref> As of now, no report of a wife or a mother of the daughter is available.
Hrvać may have had a daughter named Milijenka Hrvaća.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.osmrtnica.ba/zapisi_vise.php?id_zapis=8930|title=Osmrtnica.ba - Miljenko () Hrkać (11.1.1978. - 11.1.2019.) Široki Brijeg -|website=www.osmrtnica.ba|access-date=2019-10-08}}</ref> As of now, no report of a wife or a mother of the daughter is available.


==Belgrade cinema bombing==
==Belgrade cinema bombing==
On 13 July 1968, at 21.05 [[Central European Time|CET]], a bomb detonated in the [[Belgrade]] cinema "20. oktobar". One person was killed and 76-89 others injured, some seriously, including Magdalena Novaković, a young schoolgirl who lost a leg as a result of the bombing.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://foto.mij.rs/site/gallery/11550/photo/48|title=MIJ|website=foto.mij.rs|access-date=2019-10-08}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.laguna.rs/laguna-bukmarker-zlocin-i-kazna-u-noci-arhangela-unos-6710.html|title=Zločin i kazna u "Noći arhangela" {{!}} Laguna|website=www.laguna.rs|language=sr|access-date=2019-10-08}}</ref> The bomb was placed under the sixth seat of the 16th row, during the movie ''[[The Upper Hand (film)|Du rififi à Paname]]''.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FXaAW2ugd4MC&q=20+oktobar+bombing&pg=PA83|title=Yugoslav News Bulletin|date=1985|publisher=Yugoslav Press and Cultural Center|language=en}}</ref>
On 13 July 1968, at 21.05 [[Central European Time|CET]], a bomb detonated in the [[Belgrade]] cinema "20. oktobar". One person was killed and 76-89 others injured, some seriously, including Magdalena Novaković, a young schoolgirl who lost a leg as a result of the bombing.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://foto.mij.rs/site/gallery/11550/photo/48|title=MIJ|website=foto.mij.rs|access-date=2019-10-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.laguna.rs/laguna-bukmarker-zlocin-i-kazna-u-noci-arhangela-unos-6710.html|title=Zločin i kazna u "Noći arhangela" {{!}} Laguna|website=www.laguna.rs|language=sr|access-date=2019-10-08}}</ref> The bomb was placed under the sixth seat of the 16th row, during the movie ''[[The Upper Hand (film)|Du rififi à Paname]]''.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FXaAW2ugd4MC&q=20+oktobar+bombing&pg=PA83|title=Yugoslav News Bulletin|date=1985|publisher=Yugoslav Press and Cultural Center|language=en}}</ref>


==Belgrade rail station bombing==
==Belgrade rail station bombing==

Revision as of 09:44, 24 November 2020

Miljenko Hrkać (2 October 1947 – 11 January 1978) was an alleged Croatian terrorist sentenced to death four times by a Yugoslav court which accused him of bombing the Belgrade cinema "20. oktobar" on 13 July 1968, which left one person dead and 89 others maimed or injured. He was also accused and convicted of an attack on the Belgrade rail station on 25 September 1968, which left 13 people injured. He was executed on 11 January 1978.

Origin and early life

An ethnic Croat, Hrkać was born in Mokro, Široki Brijeg, PR Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1947.[1][2] There are conflicting reports of his trade, some sources identifying Hrkać as a carpenter,[3] others as a mason,[4] while some sources simply identify him as a "worker".[5]

Hrvać may have had a daughter named Milijenka Hrvaća.[6] As of now, no report of a wife or a mother of the daughter is available.

Belgrade cinema bombing

On 13 July 1968, at 21.05 CET, a bomb detonated in the Belgrade cinema "20. oktobar". One person was killed and 76-89 others injured, some seriously, including Magdalena Novaković, a young schoolgirl who lost a leg as a result of the bombing.[7][8] The bomb was placed under the sixth seat of the 16th row, during the movie Du rififi à Paname.[9]

Belgrade rail station bombing

On 25 September 1968, three explosives were detonated in the Belgrade rail station garderobe, leaving 9-13 people injured.[10][11]

Capture and death sentence

Hrkać was tried for the bombings of the cinema and at the rail station and sentenced to death by the Belgrade District Court on 23 December 1975. The verdict was confirmed by the Supreme Court of Serbia on 29 June 1976 and by the Federal Court on 30 December 1976. On 15 November 1977, the Clemency Commission of the Presidency of Yugoslavia unanimously rejected the request for clemency. Hrkać was executed by shooting on 11 January 1978 in the Belgrade prison.[12] Hrkać had maintained his innocence for both of the bombings,[13] and over the years, it has been suggested that he may have been wrongfully executed.[14][15][16][17]

However, Amnesty International has recognized a theory that suggests Hrkać died of natural causes before the death sentence could be carried out, citing that, "Before his death, it is reported that his weight was half what it had been before he went to prison, that he had lost all his hair and had developed some symptoms of psychological disorder."[5]

References

  • "Novi detalji najvećeg terorističkog napada". Press Online.
  • Miroslav Zarić (11 May 2004). "Pakao u bioskopu "20. oktobar"". Novosti.
  1. ^ "Hrvatska ćirilica iz Širokog Brijega". Печат - Лист слободне Србије (in Serbian). Retrieved 2019-09-20.
  2. ^ Service, Joint Translation (1969-05-09). Summary of the Yugoslav Press.
  3. ^ "Pakao u bioskopu "20. oktobar"". www.novosti.rs (in Serbian (Latin script)). Retrieved 2019-10-08.
  4. ^ "JUGOSLAWIEN: So schnell". Spiegel Online. Vol. 40. 1973-10-01. Retrieved 2019-10-08.
  5. ^ a b International, Amnesty (1979). Amnesty International Report 1978 (PDF). Bath, England: Amnesty International Publications. pp. 247, 248. ISBN 0-900058-81-1.
  6. ^ "Osmrtnica.ba - Miljenko () Hrkać (11.1.1978. - 11.1.2019.) Široki Brijeg -". www.osmrtnica.ba. Retrieved 2019-10-08.
  7. ^ "MIJ". foto.mij.rs. Retrieved 2019-10-08.
  8. ^ "Zločin i kazna u "Noći arhangela" | Laguna". www.laguna.rs (in Serbian). Retrieved 2019-10-08.
  9. ^ Yugoslav News Bulletin. Yugoslav Press and Cultural Center. 1985.
  10. ^ Yugoslav News Bulletin. Yugoslav Press and Cultural Center. 1985.
  11. ^ Service, Joint Translation (1969-05-09). Summary of the Yugoslav Press.
  12. ^ "Miljenko Hrkać". SPSK. Retrieved 26 August 2019.
  13. ^ "Miljenko Hrkać prije smrti samo želio vidjeti obitelj". www.vecernji.ba (in Croatian). Retrieved 2019-09-20.
  14. ^ "Bombu u Beogradu nije postavio Miljenko Hrkać". www.vecernji.hr (in Croatian). Retrieved 2019-10-07.
  15. ^ Hercegbosna.Org, Portal. "Portal Hercegbosna.Org". www.hercegbosna.org (in Croatian). Retrieved 2019-10-07.
  16. ^ Hercegbosna.Org, Portal. "Portal Hercegbosna.Org". www.hercegbosna.org (in Croatian). Retrieved 2019-10-07.
  17. ^ "Pakao u bioskopu "20. oktobar"". www.novosti.rs (in Serbian (Latin script)). Retrieved 2019-10-08.
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