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== Synopsis == |
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|This section '''needs expansion'''. <small>You can help by adding to it.</small> <small>''(April 2012)''</small> |
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"To the best of our knowledge the present book is the first to cover the entire phenomenon of [[shamanism]] and at the same time to situate it in the general history of religion. To say this is to imply its liability to imperfection and approximation and the risks that it takes." |
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In his foreword, Eliade explains the approach that he has taken in the book, noting that his intention is to situate world shamanism within the larger [[history of religion]]. Disputing any claims that shamanism is a result of mental illness, he highlights the benefits that further sociological and ethnographic research could provide before explaining the role of a historian of religions. Describing shamanism as "precisely one of the archaic techniques of ecstasy", he proclaims that it is "at once [[mysticism]], [[Magic (paranormal)|magic]] and "religion" in the broadest sense of the term." |
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Chapter one, "General Considerations. Recruiting Methods. Shamanism and Mystical Vocation", details Eliade's exploration of the etymology and terminological usage of the word "shamanism". |
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== Arguments == |
== Arguments == |
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=== Definition of "shamanism" === |
=== Definition of "shamanism" === |
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Within his study of the subject, [[Mircea Eliade|'''Eliade''']] proposed several different definitions of the word ''' |
Within his study of the subject, [[Mircea Eliade|'''Eliade''']] proposed several different definitions of the word '''[[Shamanism|"shamanism"]]'''. The first of these was that shamanism simply constituted a "technique of ecstasy", and in Eliade's opinion, this was the "least hazardous" definition. '''Shamanism is a flexible custom that is embedded in a framework of cosmological beliefs and practices.'''<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Laugrand|first=Frédéric B.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jLxUrtZgReMC&pg=PA101&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Inuit Shamanism and Christianity: Transitions and Transformations in the Twentieth Century|last2=Oosten|first2=Jarich G.|date=2010-01-01|publisher=McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP|isbn=978-0-7735-7636-0|language=en}}</ref> '''Shamans believe there is a spiritual connection between everything in the universe, and therefore, do not consider Shamanism to be a [[religion]], nor a [[science]]. Instead, Shamanism can be viewed as healing or helping technology.'''<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Expedition Magazine - Penn Museum|url=https://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/shamanism-and-spirit/|access-date=2020-12-03|website=www.penn.museum}}</ref> '''For Shamans to access the power they are given by spirits, they go on a [[spiritual journey]].'''<ref name=":2" /> '''Other definitions for the word "shamanism" are used interchangeably. "[[Medicine man]]", "[[Magic (supernatural)|sorcerer]]", "spirit healer", and [[Magic (supernatural)|"magician]]" are a few examples used to describe people with these "[[Magic and religion|magico-religious]]" powers. These "magico-religious" people, or Shamans, believed in and used unconventional techniques in their flexible practices—like [[Spirit|spirits]], [[Sacred herb|sacred herbs]], and the [[supernatural]]—in order to heal other people.'''<ref name=":0" /> '''Shamans are theoretically justified in their practice and can be known as masters of spirits who have a specific group of mastered spirits.'''<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last=Jakobsen|first=Merete Demant|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T8qdmD_2g_EC&pg=PA1&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=3#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Shamanism: Traditional and Contemporary Approaches to the Mastery of Spirits and Healing|date=1999|publisher=Berghahn Books|isbn=978-1-57181-994-9|language=en}}</ref> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Eliade|first=Mircea|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Shamanism.html?id=2UQqSwAACAAJ|title=Shamanism: Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy|date=2004-02-08|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-11942-7|language=en}}</ref> |
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<ref name=":2" /> |
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<ref name=":1" /> |
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<ref>{{Cite book|last=Rothenberg|first=Jerome|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Technicians_of_the_Sacred.html?id=Mccm3T5D3SEC|title=Technicians of the Sacred: A Range of Poetries from Africa, America, Asia, Europe and Oceania|date=1985-05-08|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-04912-3|language=en}}</ref> |
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<ref name=":3" /> |
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<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lévi-Strauss|first=Claude|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Totemism.html?id=DpMuCotofzEC|title=Totemism|date=1963|publisher=Beacon Press|isbn=978-0-8070-4671-5|language=en}}</ref> |
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Latest revision as of 19:52, 3 December 2020
Arguments
[edit]Definition of "shamanism"
[edit]Within his study of the subject, Eliade proposed several different definitions of the word "shamanism". The first of these was that shamanism simply constituted a "technique of ecstasy", and in Eliade's opinion, this was the "least hazardous" definition. Shamanism is a flexible custom that is embedded in a framework of cosmological beliefs and practices.[1] Shamans believe there is a spiritual connection between everything in the universe, and therefore, do not consider Shamanism to be a religion, nor a science. Instead, Shamanism can be viewed as healing or helping technology.[2] For Shamans to access the power they are given by spirits, they go on a spiritual journey.[2] Other definitions for the word "shamanism" are used interchangeably. "Medicine man", "sorcerer", "spirit healer", and "magician" are a few examples used to describe people with these "magico-religious" powers. These "magico-religious" people, or Shamans, believed in and used unconventional techniques in their flexible practices—like spirits, sacred herbs, and the supernatural—in order to heal other people.[3] Shamans are theoretically justified in their practice and can be known as masters of spirits who have a specific group of mastered spirits.[4]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Laugrand, Frédéric B.; Oosten, Jarich G. (2010-01-01). Inuit Shamanism and Christianity: Transitions and Transformations in the Twentieth Century. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. ISBN 978-0-7735-7636-0.
- ^ a b c "Expedition Magazine - Penn Museum". www.penn.museum. Retrieved 2020-12-03.
- ^ a b Eliade, Mircea (2004-02-08). Shamanism: Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-11942-7.
- ^ a b Jakobsen, Merete Demant (1999). Shamanism: Traditional and Contemporary Approaches to the Mastery of Spirits and Healing. Berghahn Books. ISBN 978-1-57181-994-9.