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Coordinates: 25°26′55″N 78°34′11″E / 25.44862°N 78.56962°E / 25.44862; 78.56962
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'''Jhansi''' ({{audio|Jhansi.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a historic city in the Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It lies in the region of [[Bundelkhand]] on the banks of the [[Pahuj River]], in the extreme south of Uttar Pradesh. Jhansi is the administrative headquarters of [[Jhansi district]] and [[Jhansi division]]. Also called the ''Gateway to Bundelkhand'', Jhansi is situated near and around the rivers Pahuj and Betwa at an average elevation of {{cvt|285|m}}. It is about {{convert|420|km|mi|0}} from [[New Delhi]] and {{convert|102|km}} south of [[Gwalior]].
'''Jhansi''' ({{audio|Jhansi.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a historic city in the Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It lies in the region of [[Bundelkhand]] on the banks of the [[Pahuj River]], in the extreme south of Uttar Pradesh. Jhansi is the administrative headquarters of [[Jhansi district]] and [[Jhansi division]]. Also called the ''Gateway to Bundelkhand'', Jhansi is situated near and around the rivers Pahuj and Betwa at an average elevation of {{cvt|285|m}}. It is about {{convert|420|km|mi|0}} from [[New Delhi]] and {{convert|102|km}} south of [[Gwalior]].


Jhansi is well connected to all other major towns in [[Uttar Pradesh]] by road and railway networks. The [[National Highways Development Project]] has supported development of Jhansi.Jhansi is also being developed as the defence corridor by the NDA government which will boost the economy of the city and the region at the same time. [[Srinagar]] to [[Kanyakumari]] north–south corridor passes closely to Jhansi as does the east–west corridor; consequently there has been a sudden rush of infrastructure and real estate development in the city.Jhansi was adjudged the third cleanest city of Uttar Pradesh and the fastest moving city in the North Zone in Swachh Survekshan 2018 rankings. A [[Greenfield project|greenfield]] airport development has been planned.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.igovernment.in/site/uttar-pradesh-plans-develop-jhansi-airport-39569 |title=Uttar Pradesh plans to develop Jhansi airport |date=4 January 2011 |publisher=igovernment.in |access-date=3 September 2015
Jhansi is well connected to all other major towns in [[Uttar Pradesh]] by road and railway networks. The [[National Highways Development Project]] has supported development of Jhansi. Jhansi is also being developed as the defence corridor by the NDA government which will boost the economy of the city and the region at the same time. [[Srinagar]] to [[Kanyakumari]] north–south corridor passes closely to Jhansi as does the east–west corridor; consequently there has been a sudden rush of infrastructure and real estate development in the city.Jhansi was adjudged the third cleanest city of Uttar Pradesh and the fastest moving city in the North Zone in Swachh Survekshan 2018 rankings. A [[Greenfield project|greenfield]] airport development has been planned.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.igovernment.in/site/uttar-pradesh-plans-develop-jhansi-airport-39569 |title=Uttar Pradesh plans to develop Jhansi airport |date=4 January 2011 |publisher=igovernment.in |access-date=3 September 2015
|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321093043/http://www.igovernment.in/site/uttar-pradesh-plans-develop-jhansi-airport-39569 |archive-date=21 March 2012 }}</ref> On 28 August 2015, Jhansi was selected among 98 cities for [[Smart Cities Mission|smart city]] initiative by [[Government of India]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/centre-releases-list-of-98-cities-for-smart-city-project/article7586751.ece|title=Centre unveils list of 98 smart cities; UP, TN strike it rich|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=28 August 2015|last1=Jeelani|first1=Mehboob}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://mygov.in/group-issue/smart-city-jhansi/|title=Smart City Jhansi|website=Mygov.in|access-date=24 June 2016|date=26 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://lucknow.amarujala.com/feature/city-news-lkw/poor-performance-of-up-city-in-smart-city-list-hindi-news/page-2/|title=स्मार्ट सिटी की परीक्षा में फेल हुए यूपी के 12 शहर|publisher=[[Amar Ujala]]|date=30 January 2016}}{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321093043/http://www.igovernment.in/site/uttar-pradesh-plans-develop-jhansi-airport-39569 |archive-date=21 March 2012 }}</ref> On 28 August 2015, Jhansi was selected among 98 cities for [[Smart Cities Mission|smart city]] initiative by [[Government of India]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/centre-releases-list-of-98-cities-for-smart-city-project/article7586751.ece|title=Centre unveils list of 98 smart cities; UP, TN strike it rich|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=28 August 2015|last1=Jeelani|first1=Mehboob}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://mygov.in/group-issue/smart-city-jhansi/|title=Smart City Jhansi|website=Mygov.in|access-date=24 June 2016|date=26 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://lucknow.amarujala.com/feature/city-news-lkw/poor-performance-of-up-city-in-smart-city-list-hindi-news/page-2/|title=स्मार्ट सिटी की परीक्षा में फेल हुए यूपी के 12 शहर|publisher=[[Amar Ujala]]|date=30 January 2016}}{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>


Revision as of 23:44, 4 December 2020

This article is about the city in Uttar Pradesh, India. For its namesake district, see Jhansi district.

Jhansi
Metropolis
jhansi city
Jhansi skyline
Nicknames: 
Jhansi is located in Uttar Pradesh
Jhansi
Jhansi
Jhansi is located in India
Jhansi
Jhansi
Jhansi is located in Asia
Jhansi
Jhansi
Coordinates: 25°26′55″N 78°34′11″E / 25.44862°N 78.56962°E / 25.44862; 78.56962
Country India
StateUttar Pradesh
RegionBundelkhand
DistrictJhansi
Founded byRaja of Orchha
Named forOrchha Cantonment
Government
 • MayorRam Teerth Singhal (BJP)
 • District MagistrateAndhra Vamsi, IAS[2]
 • Senior Superintendent Of PoliceVinod Kumar Singh, IPS
Elevation
285 m (935 ft)
Population
 (2011 census)
 • Metropolis
505,693[1]
 • Rank57
 • Metro
547,638[1][3][4]
Language
 • OfficialHindi[5]
 • Additional officialUrdu[5]
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
284001-2-3-4
Telephone code0510
Vehicle registrationUP-93
Sex ratio♂ 0.905 : ♀ 1.000
Crude literacy73.9%
Effective literacy83.0%
Avg. summer temperature48 °C (118 °F)
Avg. winter temperature4.0 °C (39.2 °F)
Websitewww.jhansi.nic.in

Jhansi (pronunciationⓘ) is a historic city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It lies in the region of Bundelkhand on the banks of the Pahuj River, in the extreme south of Uttar Pradesh. Jhansi is the administrative headquarters of Jhansi district and Jhansi division. Also called the Gateway to Bundelkhand, Jhansi is situated near and around the rivers Pahuj and Betwa at an average elevation of 285 m (935 ft). It is about 420 kilometres (261 mi) from New Delhi and 102 kilometres (63 mi) south of Gwalior.

Jhansi is well connected to all other major towns in Uttar Pradesh by road and railway networks. The National Highways Development Project has supported development of Jhansi. Jhansi is also being developed as the defence corridor by the NDA government which will boost the economy of the city and the region at the same time. Srinagar to Kanyakumari north–south corridor passes closely to Jhansi as does the east–west corridor; consequently there has been a sudden rush of infrastructure and real estate development in the city.Jhansi was adjudged the third cleanest city of Uttar Pradesh and the fastest moving city in the North Zone in Swachh Survekshan 2018 rankings. A greenfield airport development has been planned.[6] On 28 August 2015, Jhansi was selected among 98 cities for smart city initiative by Government of India.[7][8][9]

History

Jhansi Fort, 1900

During ancient times, Jhansi was a stronghold of the Chandela Rajput kings and was known as Balwant Nagar. However, it lost importance in the 11th century after the decline of the Chandela dynasty. It rose in prominence in the 17th century when Raja Bir Singh Deo of Orchha State constructed the Jhansi Fort in 1613.[10]

Jhansi came under the Maratha Empire in 1729 when Maharaja Chattrasal offered Jhansi and some other parts of his state to the Maratha Peshwa Baji Rao I as a mark of gratitude for having helped him in defeating the Nawaf of Farrukhabad Muhammad Khan Bangash who had attacked Maharaja Chattrasal's kingdom.[10]

In the 18th century, the town of Jhansi served as the capital of a Maratha province and later the Princely State of Jhansi from 1804 till 1858, when the territory became a part of British India.[10]

After the independence of India, Jhansi was included in the state of Uttar Pradesh

Geography and climate

Jhansi is located at 25.4333 N 78.5833 E. It has an average elevation of 284 metres (935 feet).[11] Jhansi lies on the plateau of central India, an area dominated by rocky relief and minerals underneath the soil. The city has a natural slope in the north as it is on the south western border of the vast Tarai plains of Uttar Pradesh and the elevation rises on the south. The land is suitable for species of citrus fruit and crops include wheat, pulses, peas, and oilseeds. The region relies heavily on Monsoon the rains for irrigation purposes. Under an ambitious canal project (the Rajghat canal), the government is constructing a network of canals for irrigation in Jhansi and Lalitpur and some part of Madhya Pradesh. The trade in agricultural products (including grain and oilseeds) is of great economic importance.[12] The city is also a centre of brassware manufacture.[13]

A view of Jhansi from the hill of Sipri)

Climate

Main article: Climate of Madhya Pradesh

Being on a rocky plateau, Jhansi experiences extreme temperatures. Winter begins in October with the retreat of the Southwest Monsoon (Jhansi does not experience any rainfall from the Northeast Monsoon) and peaks in mid-December. The mercury generally reads about 4 degrees minimum and 21 degrees maximum. Spring arrives by the end of February and is a short-lived phase of transition. Summer begins by April and summer temperatures can peak at 47 degrees in May. The rainy season starts by the third week of June (although this is variable year to year). Monsoon rains gradually weaken in September and the season ends by the last week of September. In the rainy season, the average daily high temperature hovers around 36 degrees Celsius with high humidity. The average rainfall for the city is about 900 mm per year, occurring almost entirely within the three-and-a-half months of the Southwest Monsoon. In summer Jhansi experiences temperatures as high as 45-47 degrees and in winter the temperatures fall as low as 0-1 degrees (recorded in winter 2011).

Climate data for Jhansi (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2012)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 33.8
(92.8) 		39.4
(102.9) 		43.3
(109.9) 		46.2
(115.2) 		48.0
(118.4) 		47.8
(118.0) 		45.6
(114.1) 		42.2
(108.0) 		40.6
(105.1) 		40.6
(105.1) 		38.1
(100.6) 		33.1
(91.6) 		48.0
(118.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 23.4
(74.1) 		27.5
(81.5) 		34.0
(93.2) 		39.6
(103.3) 		42.4
(108.3) 		40.5
(104.9) 		34.4
(93.9) 		32.5
(90.5) 		33.5
(92.3) 		34.1
(93.4) 		30.0
(86.0) 		25.4
(77.7) 		33.1
(91.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 8.1
(46.6) 		11.1
(52.0) 		16.7
(62.1) 		22.6
(72.7) 		26.7
(80.1) 		27.5
(81.5) 		25.1
(77.2) 		23.9
(75.0) 		23.2
(73.8) 		19.5
(67.1) 		13.8
(56.8) 		9.5
(49.1) 		19.0
(66.2)
Record low °C (°F) 1.2
(34.2) 		0.6
(33.1) 		5.3
(41.5) 		10.1
(50.2) 		15.1
(59.2) 		18.5
(65.3) 		20.3
(68.5) 		18.3
(64.9) 		16.7
(62.1) 		10.7
(51.3) 		1.1
(34.0) 		0.3
(32.5) 		0.3
(32.5)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 8.5
(0.33) 		9.2
(0.36) 		10.0
(0.39) 		2.6
(0.10) 		15.5
(0.61) 		92.3
(3.63) 		238.9
(9.41) 		263.1
(10.36) 		168.3
(6.63) 		28.4
(1.12) 		5.3
(0.21) 		3.6
(0.14) 		845.6
(33.29)
Average rainy days 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.5 1.7 5.0 11.4 12.6 6.9 1.4 0.5 0.4 43.0
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) 51 40 27 22 24 39 66 73 62 43 44 52 45
Source: India Meteorological Department[14][15]

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
187130,000—    
188133,000+10.0%
189153,779+63.0%
190155,724+3.6%
191170,200+26.0%
192166,400−5.4%
193176,700+15.5%
1941103,300+34.7%
1951127,400+23.3%
1961140,200+10.0%
1971173,300+23.6%
1981231,300+33.5%
1991300,850+30.1%
2001426,198+41.7%
2011505,693+18.7%
Source: 1871-1891 - The Imperial Gazetteer of India[16]
1901-1981 - Populstat.info[17]
1991-2011 - Citypopulation.de[18]

As of 2011 Indian Census, Jhansi city had a total population of 505,693, of which 265,449 were males and 240,244 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 55,824. The total number of literates in Jhansi city was 373,500, which constituted 73.9% of the population with male literacy of 78.9% and female literacy of 68.3%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Jhansi city was 83.0%, of which male literacy rate was 88.9% and female literacy rate was 76.6%. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population was 110,318 and 1,681 respectively. Jhansi city had 91150 households in 2011.[1]

The Jhansi urban agglomeration had a population of 547,638 which also included Jhansi Cantonment and Jhansi Railway Settlement.

Jhansi Cantonment

Jhansi Cantonment had a total population of 28,343 in 2011, of which 17,023 were males and 11,320 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 3,404. The total number of literates in Jhansi Cantonment was 23,354, which constituted 82.4% of the population. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Jhansi Cantonment was 93.6%. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population was 4,735 and 28 respectively. It had 30460 households in 2011.[3]

Jhansi Railway Settlement

Jhansi Railway Settlement had a total population of 13,602 as of 2011, of which 7,226 were males and 6,376 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 1,168. The total number of literates in Jhansi Railway Settlement was 10,754, which constituted 79.1%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Jhansi Railway Settlement was 86.5%, of which male literacy rate was 92.1% and female literacy rate was 80.2%. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population was 3,373 and 38 respectively. It had 30460 households in 2011.[4]

Education

Higher education

Medical and technical colleges

MLB Medical College

In October 2009, the Union health ministry gave approvals for setting up an institute equivalent to AIIMS, the first in Bundelkhand region and developing central agriculture university.[19]

Grassland Jhansi

Schools

Transport

The city is connected to other parts of India by railways and major highways.

Railways

Main article: Jhansi Junction railway station
Jhansi Junction

Jhansi has its own division in the North Central Railway zone of Indian Railways. It lies on the main Delhi-Chennai and Delhi-Mumbai lines. The station code is JHS.

Road transport

Jhansi is located at the junction of these National Highways: National Highway 27 (India) from Gujarat to Assam; National Highway 75 (India) from Gwalior to Rewa via Chhatarpur; National Highway 44 (India) from Jammu to Kanyakumari; and National Highway 39 (India). Thus, Jhansi commands a strategic position in the roadways network as highways in five different directions diverge from it.

The towns and major cities connected to it are Datia, Gwalior, Lalitpur, Agra, New Delhi, Bhopal, Allahabad, Kanpur, Lucknow, Babina, Orchha, Banda, Shivpuri, Chhatarpur, Unnao Balaji, and Sagar.

Air transport

Amy Johnson at Jhansi in 1932

Jhansi Airport is a military aviation base built in the British era used by the Indian army and political visitors. Though there are provisions for private aircraft to land, there are no civil aviation operations. There had been a demand to make it operational for commercial purposes in the 1990s and again in the 2000s. The Uttar Pradesh government announced the construction of an all new civil aviation base to support tourism in Bundelkhand in April 2011.[22]

Armed forces

The Jhansi Cantonment was the site of the accommodation for British civil and military personnel in the period of British rule in India.Jhansi district is the headquarters of the 31st Indian Armoured Division, stationed at Jhansi-Babina. It is an armored division which has equipment like M3 Lee and M4 Sherman. There has been a joint exercise from 1 to 30 March 2012 with the Singaporean Army at Jhansi witnessed by the President of India, Pratibha Patil.[23]

Media

Amar Ujala, Dainik Jagran, Patrika,[24] and Dainik Bhaskar are some of the newspapers with online news services.

Newspapers

Many national and local newspapers are published in Jhansi in Hindi, Urdu and English:

Newspaper Language Notes
Amar Ujala Hindi
Dainik Jagran Hindi
Daily Aziz E Hindustan Urdu
Dainik Royal Mail Hindi
Dainik Vishwa Pariwar Hindi
Hindustan Hindi
Jan Jan Jagran Hindi
Jan Seva Mail Hindi
Raftaar Hindi
Patrika[25] Hindi
Swadesh Hindi
Dainik Uddhog Hakikat Hindi

Radio

Jhansi has four radio station :-Radio Mirchi 98.3 FM, 92.7 BIG FM, 103.0 AIR FM and 91.1 Red FM.

Sport

Sports stadiums in Jhansi are Dhyanchand Stadium, Railway Stadium, and LVM Sports Place.

Notable people associated with Jhansi

Jhansi in literature

See also: Rani of Jhansi § Literature, film & television

Two novels by John Masters are set in the fictional town of Bhowani. According to the author, writing in the glossary to the earlier novel, Nightrunners of Bengal, Bhowani is an "imaginary town. To get a geographical bearing on the story it should be imagined to be about where Jhansi really is - 25.27 N., 78.33 E."[26] Nightrunners of Bengal is set during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 at "Bhowani" (the title alludes to the mysterious distribution of "chapatis" to village headmen which preceded the revolt). Bhowani Junction is set in 1946/47 the eve of independence. In each novel the main character is a British army officer named Colonel Rodney Savage, one of a succession of such men from the same family.

Christina Rossetti wrote a short poem about the fate of the Skene family at Jhansi during the Indian Mutiny. It is entitled "In the Round Tower at Jhansi - 8 June 1857". It was published in 1862 in the same volume as her more celebrated poem "Goblin Market". Some time afterward, Rossetti discovered that she had been misinformed about the husband and wife's suicide pact in the face of a murderous and implacable enemy ('The swarming howling wretches below' the tower walls) which is the poem's subject, but did not delete it from later editions.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Census of India: Jhansi city". www.censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  2. ^ "UP govt transfers 13 IAS officers". www.aninews.in. 22 February 2020. Retrieved 26 February 2020.
  3. ^ a b "Census of India: Jhansi Cantonment". www.censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  4. ^ a b "Census of India: Jhansi Railway Settlement". www.censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  5. ^ a b "52nd REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER FOR LINGUISTIC MINORITIES IN INDIA" (PDF). nclm.nic.in. Ministry of Minority Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
  6. ^ "Uttar Pradesh plans to develop Jhansi airport". igovernment.in. 4 January 2011. Archived from the original on 21 March 2012. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
  7. ^ Jeelani, Mehboob (28 August 2015). "Centre unveils list of 98 smart cities; UP, TN strike it rich". The Hindu.
  8. ^ "Smart City Jhansi". Mygov.in. 26 October 2015. Retrieved 24 June 2016.
  9. ^ "स्मार्ट सिटी की परीक्षा में फेल हुए यूपी के 12 शहर". Amar Ujala. 30 January 2016.[permanent dead link‍]
  10. ^ a b c "District of Jhansi - History". Government of Uttar Pradesh.
  11. ^ "Jhansi, India Page". fallingrain.com. Retrieved 3 September 2012.
  12. ^ The Macmillan Encyclopedia; rev. ed. London: Macmillan, 1983; p. 647
  13. ^ Moore, W. G. (1971) The Penguin Encyclopedia of Places. Harmondsworth: Penguin; p. 371
  14. ^ "Station: Jhansi Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 367–368. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
  15. ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M217. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
  16. ^ "Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 14, page 148". dsal.uchicago.edu. Digital South Asia Library. Retrieved 20 July 2017.
  17. ^ "INDIA : urban population". www.populstat.info. Retrieved 20 July 2017.
  18. ^ "Jhansi (Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India) - Population Statistics and Location in Maps and Charts". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 20 July 2017.
  19. ^ "Centre clears an 'AIIMS' for Bundelkhand". Archive.indianexpress.com. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
  20. ^ "Maharani Laxmibai Medical College Jhansi". Mlbmcj.in. Retrieved 24 June 2016.
  21. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 9 January 2014. Retrieved 30 December 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  22. ^ Manjul, Tarannum (1 April 2011). "New airport at Jhansi to boost tourism". indianexpress. Retrieved 3 September 2012.
  23. ^ "Singapore and Indian Armies Conduct the Eighth Bilateral Armour Exercise". www.mindef.gov.sg. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
  24. ^ "Jhansi Hindi News". Patrika. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
  25. ^ "Jhansi News, झांसी न्यूज़, Jhansi News in Hindi, Jhansi Samachar, झांसी समाचार".
  26. ^ Masters, John. Nightrunners of Bengal. (London and New York, 1951). Glossary.
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