Ufa train disaster: Difference between revisions

Ufa train disaster
Ufa train disaster
	Location of Bashkortostan in Russia
Details
Date	4 June 1989 ; 1:15
Location	Iglinsky District, Bashkir ASSR
Country	Soviet Union
Line	Kuybyshev Railway
Statistics
Trains	2
Passengers	1,300
Deaths	575
Injured	800
Damage	2 Trains

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54°56′38″N 57°5′10″E / 54.94389°N 57.08611°E / 54.94389; 57.08611

The Ufa train disaster was a railway accident that occurred on 4 June 1989, in Iglinsky District, Bashkir ASSR, Soviet Union, when an explosion killed 575 people and injured 800 more.^[1]^[2] It is the deadliest rail disaster in peacetime in the Soviet Union/Russia.

History

At 1:15am, two passenger trains of the Kuybyshev Railway carrying approximately 1,300 vacationers to and from Novosibirsk and a resort in Adler on the Black Sea exploded, 11 kilometres (6.8 miles) from the town of Asha, Chelyabinsk Oblast.^[3] Without anyone knowing, a faulty gas pipeline 900 metres (3,000 feet) from the line had leaked natural gas liquids (mainly propane and butane), and weather conditions allowed the gas to accumulate across the lowlands, creating a flammable cloud along part of the Kuybyshev Railway. The explosion occurred after wheel sparks from the two passenger trains heading in opposite directions ignited this flammable cloud. Estimates of the size of the explosion have ranged from 250–300 tons TNT equivalent to up to 10 kilotons TNT equivalent.^[1]^[4] Many of the victims died later in hospital; official figures are 575 dead and over 800 injured,^[5] but an unofficial estimate of the number of deaths is approximately 780.^[1] 181 of the dead were children;^[2] many survivors received severe burns and brain injuries.

On the afternoon of 4 June, Mikhail Gorbachev, Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, and members of the government commission to investigate the accident visited the site. The Chairman of the Commission for Investigation of the accident was Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR Gennady Vedernikov. The trial over the accident continued for six years, nine officials being charged, mostly members of Nefteprovodmontazh (the trust that constructed the faulty pipeline) including the chief of the construction and installation department of Nefteprovodmontazh and foremen. The charges were brought under Article 215, part II of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR, where the maximum penalty was five years imprisonment.

The accident was named after Ufa, the largest city in the Bashkir ASSR, although it occurred about 50 kilometres (31 miles) east of the city. An annual commemoration is usually held at the Ulu-Telyak station [ru], near the disaster site;^[5] there is a memorial at the site.^[1]

Factors

According to Dmitry Chernov and Didier Sornette, the following factors contributed to the disaster:^[6]

Hurried work culture,
Cancelling the addition of telemetry,
Taking authority to stop trains away from dispatchers,
Changing the type and the amount of the product sent through the pipe,
Changing the allowed pipe pressure (instead of inspecting the reasons for the fall of gas pressure),
Cutting corners,
No proper processes in place for safe working.

Another factor, aside from gas leak's factor set, is reported to be negligent of multiple reports about severe presence of gas in the air prior to the explosion.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Russia remembers 1989 Ufa train disaster". RIA Novosti. June 4, 2009. Archived from the original on October 12, 2012.
^ ^a ^b "Toll up to 645 in Soviet train blast". Chicago Sun-Times. AFP. July 26, 1989.
^ Bill Keller (June 5, 1989). "500 on 2 Trains Reported Killed By Soviet Gas Pipeline Explosion". New York Times. Retrieved September 18, 2011.
^ "Железнодорожные катастрофы на территории России" [Train Crash in Russia]. Vesti. November 11, 2009. Retrieved September 18, 2011. (in Russian)
^ ^a ^b Joshua Nevett (June 5, 2019). "How the Ufa train disaster was overshadowed by Tiananmen Square". BBC News.
^ Dmitry Chernov; Didier Sornette (2016). "Ufa Train Disaster (USSR, 1989)" (PDF). Man-made Catastrophes and Risk Information Concealment: Case Studies of Major Disasters and Human Fallibility. Springer.

External links

"Факел смерти". MediaKorSe. March 6, 2007. Archived from the original on February 13, 2012. Retrieved January 31, 2011.(in Russian)
Sergei Z-Kudryashov (August 7, 1995). "История одной катастрофы". Kommersant. Retrieved January 31, 2011.(in Russian)
"Катастрофа, которой не было ни до, ни после СССР". news@mail.ru. June 4, 2009. Archived from the original on 2013-10-19. Retrieved January 31, 2011.(in Russian)
"Трагедия под Ашой. Поезд "Памяти"". Chelyabinsk News. June 5, 2009. Archived from the original on December 1, 2010. Retrieved January 31, 2011.(in Russian)
"Трагедия под Ашой: 21 год мучений". Chelyabinsk News. June 3, 2010. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved January 31, 2011.(in Russian)
Svetlana Zhuravleva (June 3, 1999). "Аша: Эхо трагедии звучит и сегодня". Chelyabinsk Worker. Archived from the original on January 22, 2011. Retrieved January 31, 2011.(in Russian)
"Катастрофа, которой не было ни до, ни после СССР". Free Press. June 4, 2009. Retrieved January 31, 2011.(in Russian)
Maxim Bashkeev. "Трагедия, которой не могло не быть". Tribune. Archived from the original on January 27, 2010. Retrieved January 31, 2011.(in Russian)

This Russian history–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

This Russian rail transport related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[rian-1] "Russia remembers 1989 Ufa train disaster". RIA Novosti. June 4, 2009. Archived from the original on October 12, 2012.

[AFP-2] "Toll up to 645 in Soviet train blast". Chicago Sun-Times. AFP. July 26, 1989.

[3] Bill Keller (June 5, 1989). "500 on 2 Trains Reported Killed By Soviet Gas Pipeline Explosion". New York Times. Retrieved September 18, 2011.

[4] "Железнодорожные катастрофы на территории России" [Train Crash in Russia]. Vesti. November 11, 2009. Retrieved September 18, 2011. (in Russian)

[BBC-5] Joshua Nevett (June 5, 2019). "How the Ufa train disaster was overshadowed by Tiananmen Square". BBC News.

[man-made-6] Dmitry Chernov; Didier Sornette (2016). "Ufa Train Disaster (USSR, 1989)" (PDF). Man-made Catastrophes and Risk Information Concealment: Case Studies of Major Disasters and Human Fallibility. Springer.

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 ==History==
-At 1:15, two [[passenger train]]s of the [[Kuybyshev Railway]] carrying approximately 1,300 vacationers to and from [[Novosibirsk]] and a resort in [[Adler, Russia|Adler]] on the [[Black Sea]] exploded, {{convert|11|km|mi|abbr=off}} from the town of [[Asha, Chelyabinsk Oblast|Asha]], [[Chelyabinsk Oblast]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/06/05/world/500-on-2-trains-reported-killed-by-soviet-gas-pipeline-explosion.html |title=500 on 2 Trains Reported Killed By Soviet Gas Pipeline Explosion |author=Bill Keller |date=June 5, 1989 |newspaper=New York Times |accessdate=September 18, 2011}}</ref> Without anyone knowing, a faulty gas [[pipeline transport|pipeline]] {{convert|900|m|ft|abbr=off}} from the line had leaked [[natural gas liquids]] (mainly [[propane]] and [[butane]]), and weather conditions allowed the gas to accumulate across the lowlands, creating a flammable cloud along part of the Kuybyshev Railway. The explosion occurred after wheel sparks from the two passenger trains heading in opposite directions ignited this flammable cloud. Estimates of the size of the explosion have ranged from 250–300 tons [[TNT equivalent]] to up to 10 kilotons TNT equivalent.<ref name="rian"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vesti.ru/doc.html?id=328582 |title=Железнодорожные катастрофы на территории России |trans-title=Train Crash in Russia |author= |date=November 11, 2009 |work=Vesti |accessdate=September 18, 2011}} {{in lang|ru}}</ref> Many of the victims died later in hospital; official figures are 575 dead and over 800 injured,<ref name=BBC>{{cite news |author=Joshua Nevett |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-48510979 |title=How the Ufa train disaster was overshadowed by Tiananmen Square |publisher=BBC News |date=June 5, 2019 }}</ref> but an unofficial estimate of the number of deaths is approximately 780.<ref name="rian"/> 181 of the dead were children;<ref name=AFP/> many survivors received severe [[burn]]s and [[brain injuries]].
+At 1:15am, two [[passenger train]]s of the [[Kuybyshev Railway]] carrying approximately 1,300 vacationers to and from [[Novosibirsk]] and a resort in [[Adler, Russia|Adler]] on the [[Black Sea]] exploded, {{convert|11|km|mi|abbr=off}} from the town of [[Asha, Chelyabinsk Oblast|Asha]], [[Chelyabinsk Oblast]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/06/05/world/500-on-2-trains-reported-killed-by-soviet-gas-pipeline-explosion.html |title=500 on 2 Trains Reported Killed By Soviet Gas Pipeline Explosion |author=Bill Keller |date=June 5, 1989 |newspaper=New York Times |accessdate=September 18, 2011}}</ref> Without anyone knowing, a faulty gas [[pipeline transport|pipeline]] {{convert|900|m|ft|abbr=off}} from the line had leaked [[natural gas liquids]] (mainly [[propane]] and [[butane]]), and weather conditions allowed the gas to accumulate across the lowlands, creating a flammable cloud along part of the Kuybyshev Railway. The explosion occurred after wheel sparks from the two passenger trains heading in opposite directions ignited this flammable cloud. Estimates of the size of the explosion have ranged from 250–300 tons [[TNT equivalent]] to up to 10 kilotons TNT equivalent.<ref name="rian"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vesti.ru/doc.html?id=328582 |title=Железнодорожные катастрофы на территории России |trans-title=Train Crash in Russia |author= |date=November 11, 2009 |work=Vesti |accessdate=September 18, 2011}} {{in lang|ru}}</ref> Many of the victims died later in hospital; official figures are 575 dead and over 800 injured,<ref name=BBC>{{cite news |author=Joshua Nevett |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-48510979 |title=How the Ufa train disaster was overshadowed by Tiananmen Square |publisher=BBC News |date=June 5, 2019 }}</ref> but an unofficial estimate of the number of deaths is approximately 780.<ref name="rian"/> 181 of the dead were children;<ref name=AFP/> many survivors received severe [[burn]]s and [[brain injuries]].
 On the afternoon of 4 June, [[Mikhail Gorbachev]], Chairman of the [[Supreme Soviet of the USSR]], and members of the government commission to investigate the accident visited the site. The Chairman of the Commission for Investigation of the accident was [[Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union|Deputy Chairman]] of the [[Council of Ministers of the USSR]] Gennady Vedernikov. The trial over the accident continued for six years, nine officials being charged, mostly members of Nefteprovodmontazh (the trust that constructed the faulty pipeline) including the chief of the construction and installation department of Nefteprovodmontazh and [[Construction foreman|foremen]]. The charges were brought under Article 215, part II of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR, where the maximum penalty was five years imprisonment.