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I added significant information to the Electromethanogenesis page as well as a figure I created based off of other figures. I added information on the electromethanogenesis mechanism, applications, and further research needed.
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'''Electromethanogenesis''' is a form of [[Electrochemical energy conversion|electrofuel]] production where [[methane]] is produced by direct biological conversion from [[electrical current]] and [[carbon dioxide]].<ref name="Cheng2009" >{{Cite journal | title = Direct Biological Conversion of Electrical Current into Methane by Electromethanogenesis |author1=Shaoan Cheng |author2=Defeng Xing |author3=Douglas F. Call |author4=Bruce E. Logan | journal = Environ. Sci. Technol.|date = March 26, 2009 | pmid = 19544913 | doi = 10.1021/es803531g | volume = 43 | issue = 10 | pages = 3953–8 |bibcode=2009EnST...43.3953C }}</ref><ref name="TT" >{{Cite journal | title = Aurinkosähkön varastoinnin ongelmat ohi: bakteeri syö sähköä, tekee metaania | url = http://www.tekniikkatalous.fi/tk/article268796.ece |author1=Tuomas Kangasniemi | journal = Tekniikka & Talous | date = 2009-04-07 | accessdate = 2009-04-07 | language = fi}}</ref><ref name="Green Car" >{{Cite web | title = Researchers Show Direct Bacterial Production of Methane from Electricity and CO2 | url = http://www.greencarcongress.com/2009/03/researchers-show-direct-bacterial-production-of-methane-from-electricity-and-co2.html | work = Green Car Congress | date = 30 March 2009 | accessdate = 2009-04-09 }}</ref> The [[Redox|reduction]] process is carried out in a [[microbial electrolysis cell]]. A 2009 article by Cheng and Logan reports that a current capture efficiency of 96% can be achieved using a 1.0 V current.<ref name="Cheng2009" />
'''Electromethanogenesis''' is a form of [[Electrochemical energy conversion|electrofuel]] production where [[methane]] is produced by direct biological conversion from [[electrical current]] and [[carbon dioxide]].<ref name="Cheng2009" >{{Cite journal | title = Direct Biological Conversion of Electrical Current into Methane by Electromethanogenesis |author1=Shaoan Cheng |author2=Defeng Xing |author3=Douglas F. Call |author4=Bruce E. Logan | journal = Environ. Sci. Technol.|date = March 26, 2009 | pmid = 19544913 | doi = 10.1021/es803531g | volume = 43 | issue = 10 | pages = 3953–8 |bibcode=2009EnST...43.3953C }}</ref><ref name="TT" >{{Cite journal | title = Aurinkosähkön varastoinnin ongelmat ohi: bakteeri syö sähköä, tekee metaania | url = http://www.tekniikkatalous.fi/tk/article268796.ece |author1=Tuomas Kangasniemi | journal = Tekniikka & Talous | date = 2009-04-07 | accessdate = 2009-04-07 | language = fi}}</ref><ref name="Green Car" >{{Cite web | title = Researchers Show Direct Bacterial Production of Methane from Electricity and CO2 | url = http://www.greencarcongress.com/2009/03/researchers-show-direct-bacterial-production-of-methane-from-electricity-and-co2.html | work = Green Car Congress | date = 30 March 2009 | accessdate = 2009-04-09 }}</ref>
[[File:Electromethanogenesis.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Electromethanogenesis.jpg|thumb|Figure 1: Example of a two-chamber methane-producing system where electromethanogenesis takes place.]]
Methane producing technologies garnered interest from the scientific community prior to 2000, but electromethanogenesis did not become a significant area of interest until 2008<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Blasco-Gómez|first=Ramiro|last2=Batlle-Vilanova|first2=Pau|last3=Villano|first3=Marianna|last4=Balaguer|first4=Maria Dolors|last5=Colprim|first5=Jesús|last6=Puig|first6=Sebastià|date=2017-04-20|title=On the Edge of Research and Technological Application: A Critical Review of Electromethanogenesis|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5412455/|journal=International Journal of Molecular Sciences|volume=18|issue=4|doi=10.3390/ijms18040874|issn=1422-0067|pmc=5412455|pmid=28425974}}</ref>. Publications concerning catalytic methanation have increased from 44 to over 130 since 2008<ref name=":0" />.

Electromethanogenesis has drawn more research due to its proposed applications<ref name=":0" />. The production of methane from electrical current may provide an approach to [[Energy storage|renewable energy storage]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Cheng|first=Shaoan|last2=Xing|first2=Defeng|last3=Call|first3=Douglas F.|last4=Logan|first4=Bruce E.|date=2009-05-15|title=Direct Biological Conversion of Electrical Current into Methane by Electromethanogenesis|url=https://doi.org/10.1021/es803531g|journal=Environmental Science & Technology|volume=43|issue=10|pages=3953–3958|doi=10.1021/es803531g|issn=0013-936X}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Jafary|first=Tahereh|last2=Daud|first2=Wan Ramli Wan|last3=Ghasemi|first3=Mostafa|last4=Kim|first4=Byung Hong|last5=Md Jahim|first5=Jamaliah|last6=Ismail|first6=Manal|last7=Lim|first7=Swee Su|date=2015-07-01|title=Biocathode in microbial electrolysis cell; present status and future prospects|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032115001483|journal=Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews|language=en|volume=47|pages=23–33|doi=10.1016/j.rser.2015.03.003|issn=1364-0321}}</ref>. Electrical current produced from [[Renewable energy|renewable energy sources]] may, through electromethanogenesis, be converted into methane which may then be used as a [[biofuel]]<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />. It may also be a useful method for the capture of carbon dioxide which may be used for air purification<ref name=":1" />.

This technique can follow two different mechanisms--'''biotic''' or '''abiotic'''<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Geppert|first=Florian|last2=Liu|first2=Dandan|last3=van Eerten-Jansen|first3=Mieke|last4=Weidner|first4=Eckhard|last5=Buisman|first5=Cees|last6=ter Heijne|first6=Annemiek|date=2016-11-01|title=Bioelectrochemical Power-to-Gas: State of the Art and Future Perspectives|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167779916301482|journal=Trends in Biotechnology|language=en|volume=34|issue=11|pages=879–894|doi=10.1016/j.tibtech.2016.08.010|issn=0167-7799}}</ref><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" />. The biotic mechanism involves direct electron transfer and utilizes a [[microbial electrolysis cell]] to carry out the mechanism<ref name="Cheng2009" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />. The abiotic mechanism involves mediated electron transfer and utilizes an electrochemical system for carrying out the mechanism<ref name=":3" />. Each mechanism involves the [[Redox|reduction]] of [[carbon dioxide]] to [[methane]]<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />. This reduction is facilitated by an electrical current at the '''biocathode''' in the microbial electrolysis cell or electrochemical system<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />. Electrons are transferred from the biocathodes via direct [[electron transfer]], or using hydrogen as an intermediate<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />. See ''Figure 1'' for an example of a bioelectrochemical system where electromethanogenesis could be facilitated.

Research can still be done in the field of electromethanogenesis. One limitation to electromethanogenesis is energy loss in methane-producing bioelectrochemical systems<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />. This occurs as a result of overpotentials occurring at the [[anode]], membrane, and [[cathode]]<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />. Another problem with the technique is the mass transfer of substrates to, and products away from, the electrode<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" />.


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 22:44, 11 December 2020

Electromethanogenesis is a form of electrofuel production where methane is produced by direct biological conversion from electrical current and carbon dioxide.[1][2][3]

Figure 1: Example of a two-chamber methane-producing system where electromethanogenesis takes place.

Methane producing technologies garnered interest from the scientific community prior to 2000, but electromethanogenesis did not become a significant area of interest until 2008[4]. Publications concerning catalytic methanation have increased from 44 to over 130 since 2008[4].

Electromethanogenesis has drawn more research due to its proposed applications[4]. The production of methane from electrical current may provide an approach to renewable energy storage[5][6]. Electrical current produced from renewable energy sources may, through electromethanogenesis, be converted into methane which may then be used as a biofuel[5][6]. It may also be a useful method for the capture of carbon dioxide which may be used for air purification[5].

This technique can follow two different mechanisms--biotic or abiotic[7][6][5]. The biotic mechanism involves direct electron transfer and utilizes a microbial electrolysis cell to carry out the mechanism[1][4][5][6]. The abiotic mechanism involves mediated electron transfer and utilizes an electrochemical system for carrying out the mechanism[7]. Each mechanism involves the reduction of carbon dioxide to methane[4][5][6][7]. This reduction is facilitated by an electrical current at the biocathode in the microbial electrolysis cell or electrochemical system[4][5][6]. Electrons are transferred from the biocathodes via direct electron transfer, or using hydrogen as an intermediate[4][7]. See Figure 1 for an example of a bioelectrochemical system where electromethanogenesis could be facilitated.

Research can still be done in the field of electromethanogenesis. One limitation to electromethanogenesis is energy loss in methane-producing bioelectrochemical systems[4][7]. This occurs as a result of overpotentials occurring at the anode, membrane, and cathode[4][7]. Another problem with the technique is the mass transfer of substrates to, and products away from, the electrode[4][5][7].

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Shaoan Cheng; Defeng Xing; Douglas F. Call; Bruce E. Logan (March 26, 2009). "Direct Biological Conversion of Electrical Current into Methane by Electromethanogenesis". Environ. Sci. Technol. 43 (10): 3953–8. Bibcode:2009EnST...43.3953C. doi:10.1021/es803531g. PMID 19544913.
  2. ^ Tuomas Kangasniemi (2009-04-07). "Aurinkosähkön varastoinnin ongelmat ohi: bakteeri syö sähköä, tekee metaania". Tekniikka & Talous (in Finnish). Retrieved 2009-04-07.
  3. ^ "Researchers Show Direct Bacterial Production of Methane from Electricity and CO2". Green Car Congress. 30 March 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-09.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Blasco-Gómez, Ramiro; Batlle-Vilanova, Pau; Villano, Marianna; Balaguer, Maria Dolors; Colprim, Jesús; Puig, Sebastià (2017-04-20). "On the Edge of Research and Technological Application: A Critical Review of Electromethanogenesis". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 18 (4). doi:10.3390/ijms18040874. ISSN 1422-0067. PMC 5412455. PMID 28425974.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h Cheng, Shaoan; Xing, Defeng; Call, Douglas F.; Logan, Bruce E. (2009-05-15). "Direct Biological Conversion of Electrical Current into Methane by Electromethanogenesis". Environmental Science & Technology. 43 (10): 3953–3958. doi:10.1021/es803531g. ISSN 0013-936X.
  6. ^ a b c d e f Jafary, Tahereh; Daud, Wan Ramli Wan; Ghasemi, Mostafa; Kim, Byung Hong; Md Jahim, Jamaliah; Ismail, Manal; Lim, Swee Su (2015-07-01). "Biocathode in microbial electrolysis cell; present status and future prospects". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 47: 23–33. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.03.003. ISSN 1364-0321.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g Geppert, Florian; Liu, Dandan; van Eerten-Jansen, Mieke; Weidner, Eckhard; Buisman, Cees; ter Heijne, Annemiek (2016-11-01). "Bioelectrochemical Power-to-Gas: State of the Art and Future Perspectives". Trends in Biotechnology. 34 (11): 879–894. doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2016.08.010. ISSN 0167-7799.


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