Dilruba: Difference between revisions
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==Etymology== |
==Etymology== |
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The name of the instrument derives from the [[Persianization|Persianized]] [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]] word دلربا/दिलरुबा (''dilrubā''), literally meaning "that which ravishes or steals the heart."<ref name="lr232">{{Cite web |last=Khalsa |first=Sukhmandir |title=Dilruba: Ravisher of the Heart |url=https://www.learnreligions.com/dilruba-ravisher-of-the-heart-2993034#:~:text=Dilruba%20may%20be%20interpreted%20to,root%20word%20dil%2C%20meaning%20heart. |access-date=2020-12-17 |website=Learning Religions |publication-date=4 June 2017}} |
The name of the instrument derives from the [[Persianization|Persianized]] [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]] word دلربا/दिलरुबा (''dilrubā''), literally meaning "that which ravishes or steals the heart."<ref name="lr232">{{Cite web |last=Khalsa |first=Sukhmandir |title=Dilruba: Ravisher of the Heart |url=https://www.learnreligions.com/dilruba-ravisher-of-the-heart-2993034#:~:text=Dilruba%20may%20be%20interpreted%20to,root%20word%20dil%2C%20meaning%20heart. |access-date=2020-12-17 |website=Learning Religions |publication-date=4 June 2017}}</ref> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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The dilruba was invented around 300 years ago by the 10th Sikh [[Guru]], [[Guru Gobind Singh]], who based it off of the much older and much heavier [[Taus (instrument)|taus]].<ref name=madhumita/><ref>{{cite book|author=Dharam Singh|title=Perspectives on Sikhism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xXzXAAAAMAAJ&pg=PT158|year=2001|publisher=Publication Bureau, Punjabi University|isbn=978-8-1738-0736-7|pages=158}}</ref> His innovations made it more convenient for |
The dilruba was invented around 300 years ago by the 10th Sikh [[Guru]], [[Guru Gobind Singh]], who based it off of the much older and much heavier [[Taus (instrument)|taus]].<ref name=madhumita/><ref>{{cite book|author=Dharam Singh|title=Perspectives on Sikhism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xXzXAAAAMAAJ&pg=PT158|year=2001|publisher=Publication Bureau, Punjabi University|isbn=978-8-1738-0736-7|pages=158}}</ref> His innovations made it more convenient for the Sikh army (the ''[[khalsa]]'') to carry the instrument on horseback.<ref name="radioandmusic">{{Cite web|url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/entertainment/editorial/features/180329-rarely-played-indian-instruments|title=Rarely played Indian instruments|date=2018-03-29|website=Radioandmusic.com|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-26}}</ref> |
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==Construction== |
==Construction== |
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The structure of the dilruba has a medium |
The structure of the dilruba has a medium-sized [[sitar]]-like neck with 20 heavy metal frets. This neck holds on to a long wooden rack of 12-15 sympathetic strings. The dilruba has four main strings, all of which are bowed and made of metal. The soundboard is a stretched piece of goatskin similar to what is found on a [[sarangi]]. Sometimes, the instrument has a gourd affixed to the top for balance or for tone enhancement. The instrument can be rested between the knees while the player kneels, or more commonly rested on the knee of the player while sitting, or also on the floor just in front of the player, with their neck leaning on the left shoulder. It is played using a bow, with the other hand moving along the strings above the frets. The player may slide the note up or down to achieve the portamento, or meend, as is characteristic of [[Indian music]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.discoversikhism.com/sikh_saaj/dilruba.html|title= Dilruba|date=2020-03-08|website=Discover Sikhism|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-08}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 03:28, 19 December 2020
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The dilruba (also spelt dilrupa)[1] is a bowed musical instrument originating in India. It is slightly larger than an esraj and has a larger, square resonance box. The dilurba holds particular importance in Sikh history.
It attained more global prominence in the 1960s through its appearance in songs by Western artists, such as the Beatles during their psychedelic phase (most notably in the song "Within You Without You").
Etymology
The name of the instrument derives from the Persianized Hindustani word دلربا/दिलरुबा (dilrubā), literally meaning "that which ravishes or steals the heart."[2]
History
The dilruba was invented around 300 years ago by the 10th Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh, who based it off of the much older and much heavier taus.[1][3] His innovations made it more convenient for the Sikh army (the khalsa) to carry the instrument on horseback.[4]
Construction
The structure of the dilruba has a medium-sized sitar-like neck with 20 heavy metal frets. This neck holds on to a long wooden rack of 12-15 sympathetic strings. The dilruba has four main strings, all of which are bowed and made of metal. The soundboard is a stretched piece of goatskin similar to what is found on a sarangi. Sometimes, the instrument has a gourd affixed to the top for balance or for tone enhancement. The instrument can be rested between the knees while the player kneels, or more commonly rested on the knee of the player while sitting, or also on the floor just in front of the player, with their neck leaning on the left shoulder. It is played using a bow, with the other hand moving along the strings above the frets. The player may slide the note up or down to achieve the portamento, or meend, as is characteristic of Indian music.[5]
References
- ^ a b Dutta, Madhumita (2008). Let's Know Music and Musical Instruments of India. Star Publications. pp. 22–23. ISBN 978-1-905863-29-7.
- ^ Khalsa, Sukhmandir (4 June 2017). "Dilruba: Ravisher of the Heart". Learning Religions. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
- ^ Dharam Singh (2001). Perspectives on Sikhism. Publication Bureau, Punjabi University. p. 158. ISBN 978-8-1738-0736-7.
- ^ "Rarely played Indian instruments". Radioandmusic.com. 29 March 2018. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
- ^ "Dilruba". Discover Sikhism. 8 March 2020. Retrieved 8 March 2020.