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Roman Catholic Diocese of Reval: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 59°26′N 24°45′E / 59.433°N 24.750°E / 59.433; 24.750
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The '''Bishopric of [[Reval]]''' was created in [[Danish_Estonia#Duchy_of_Estonia|Duchy of Estonia]] by [[Valdemar II of Denmark]] in 1240. Contradictory to [[canon law]] Valdemar II reserved the right to appoint the bishops of Reval to himself and his successor kings of Denmark. The decision to simply nominate the see of Reval was unique in the whole Catholic Church at the time and was disputed by bishops and the Pope. During the era, the election of bishops was never established in Reval and the royal rights to the bishopric and to nominate the bishops was even included in the treaty when the territories of the Duchy of Estonia were sold to [[Teutonic Order]] in 1346.<ref>Skyum-Nielsen pp. 113-115</ref>
The '''Bishopric of [[Reval]]''' was created in [[Danish_Estonia#Duchy_of_Estonia|Duchy of Estonia]] by [[Valdemar II of Denmark]] in 1240. Contradictory to [[canon law]] Valdemar II reserved the right to appoint the bishops of Reval to himself and his successor kings of Denmark. The decision to simply nominate the see of Reval was unique in the whole Catholic Church at the time and was disputed by bishops and the Pope. During the era, the election of bishops was never established in Reval and the royal rights to the bishopric and to nominate the bishops was even included in the treaty when the territories of the Duchy of Estonia were sold to [[Teutonic Order]] in 1346.<ref>Skyum-Nielsen pp. 113-115</ref>


Until 1374 the see was suffragan to the [[Diocese of Lund|Archbishop of Lund]] after which it was transferred to the [[Archbishopric of Riga]].<ref name="TEH">{{cite book |title=A Treatise on Ecclesiastical Heraldry |last=Woodward |first=John |authorlink= |year=1894 |publisher=W. & A.K. Johnston |chapter=Reval (Bishopric) |isbn= |page=316 |url=https://archive.org/details/ATreatiseOnEcclesiasticalHeraldry}}</ref>
Until 1374 the see was suffragan to the [[Diocese of Lund|Archbishop of Lund]] after which it was transferred to the [[Archbishopric of Riga]].<ref name="TEH">{{cite book |title=A Treatise on Ecclesiastical Heraldry |last=Woodward |first=John |year=1894 |publisher=W. & A.K. Johnston |chapter=Reval (Bishopric) |page=316 |url=https://archive.org/details/ATreatiseOnEcclesiasticalHeraldry}}</ref>


The Bishopric of Reval came to an end during the [[Protestant Reformation]] in the [[Livonian Confederation]].<ref name="TEH"/> The last titular bishop of the see was [[Magnus, Duke of Holstein]] younger brother of [[Frederick II of Denmark]] who had bought [[Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek]] on the eve of the [[Livonian War]]. Magnus landed on Ösel ([[Saaremaa]]) in 1560 and soon after the bishop of Reval also resigned his bishopric to Magnus' hands. Magnus' attempt to gain control of the [[Toompea Castle]] in Reval was prevented by [[Gotthard Kettler]], the master of [[Livonian Order]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The Early Vasas: A History of Sweden 1523-1611 |last=Roberts |first=Michael |authorlink= |year=1986 |publisher=CUP Archive |location= |isbn=0-521-31182-9 |page= |pages= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x243AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA164}}</ref> In 1561 [[Eric XIV of Sweden]] took control over Reval<ref>{{cite book |title=The New Cambridge Modern History: The Reformation, 1520-1559 |last=Elton |first=Geoffrey Rudolph |authorlink= |year=1990 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location= |isbn=0-521-34536-7 |page=621 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y9QSQv6VimgC&pg=PA621 |accessdate= }}</ref> and after the Livonian war it became the capital city of [[Swedish Estonia]].
The Bishopric of Reval came to an end during the [[Protestant Reformation]] in the [[Livonian Confederation]].<ref name="TEH"/> The last titular bishop of the see was [[Magnus, Duke of Holstein]] younger brother of [[Frederick II of Denmark]] who had bought [[Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek]] on the eve of the [[Livonian War]]. Magnus landed on Ösel ([[Saaremaa]]) in 1560 and soon after the bishop of Reval also resigned his bishopric to Magnus' hands. Magnus' attempt to gain control of the [[Toompea Castle]] in Reval was prevented by [[Gotthard Kettler]], the master of [[Livonian Order]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The Early Vasas: A History of Sweden 1523-1611 |last=Roberts |first=Michael |year=1986 |publisher=CUP Archive |isbn=0-521-31182-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x243AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA164}}</ref> In 1561 [[Eric XIV of Sweden]] took control over Reval<ref>{{cite book |title=The New Cambridge Modern History: The Reformation, 1520-1559 |last=Elton |first=Geoffrey Rudolph |year=1990 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=0-521-34536-7 |page=621 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y9QSQv6VimgC&pg=PA621 }}</ref> and after the Livonian war it became the capital city of [[Swedish Estonia]].


==Bishops==
==Bishops==
Line 45: Line 45:


==Notes and references==
==Notes and references==
*{{cite book |title=Danish Medieval History & Saxo Grammaticus |last=Skyum-Nielsen |first=Niels |authorlink= |year=1981 |publisher=Museum Tusculanum Press |location= |isbn=87-88073-30-0 |pages= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EUFCkqua7dUC }}
*{{cite book |title=Danish Medieval History & Saxo Grammaticus |last=Skyum-Nielsen |first=Niels |year=1981 |publisher=Museum Tusculanum Press |isbn=87-88073-30-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EUFCkqua7dUC }}
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


Revision as of 06:04, 26 December 2020

The Bishopric of Reval was created in Duchy of Estonia by Valdemar II of Denmark in 1240. Contradictory to canon law Valdemar II reserved the right to appoint the bishops of Reval to himself and his successor kings of Denmark. The decision to simply nominate the see of Reval was unique in the whole Catholic Church at the time and was disputed by bishops and the Pope. During the era, the election of bishops was never established in Reval and the royal rights to the bishopric and to nominate the bishops was even included in the treaty when the territories of the Duchy of Estonia were sold to Teutonic Order in 1346.[1]

Until 1374 the see was suffragan to the Archbishop of Lund after which it was transferred to the Archbishopric of Riga.[2]

The Bishopric of Reval came to an end during the Protestant Reformation in the Livonian Confederation.[2] The last titular bishop of the see was Magnus, Duke of Holstein younger brother of Frederick II of Denmark who had bought Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek on the eve of the Livonian War. Magnus landed on Ösel (Saaremaa) in 1560 and soon after the bishop of Reval also resigned his bishopric to Magnus' hands. Magnus' attempt to gain control of the Toompea Castle in Reval was prevented by Gotthard Kettler, the master of Livonian Order.[3] In 1561 Eric XIV of Sweden took control over Reval[4] and after the Livonian war it became the capital city of Swedish Estonia.

Bishops

Kingdom of Denmark

Main articles: Danish Estonia and Kingdom of Denmark
  • Wesselin (1219–1227)
  • Thorkill (1238/40-1260)
  • Thrugot (1260/63-1279)
  • Johannes (1280–1294)
  • Heinrich, OFM (1298–1318)
  • Olav von Roskilde, OFM (1323–1350)

Ordensstaat

See also: Monastic state of the Teutonic Knights
  • Ludwig von Münster alias Ludovicus de Monasterio (1352–1389)
  • Johannes Rekeling (1390–1403)
  • Dietrich Theodor Tolke (1403–1405)
  • Johannes von Aken-Achmann (Ochmann) (1405–1418)
  • Arnold Stoltevoet (1418–1419)
  • Heinrich Uexküll (1419–1456)
  • Everhard Kalle (Call) (1457–1475)
  • Iwan Stoltevoet (1475–1477)
  • Simon von der Borch (1477–1492)
  • Nikolaus Roddendorp (1493–1509)
  • Gottschalk Hagen (1509–1513)
  • Christian Czernekow (1513–1514)
  • Johannes Blankenfeld (1514–1524) (also the Bischof von Dorpat and Erzbischof von Riga)
  • Georg von Tiesenhausen (1525–1530)
  • Johannes Roterd (1531–1536)
  • Arnold Annebat (1536–1551)
  • Friedrich von Ampten (1551–1557)
  • Moritz (Mauritius) von Wrangel (1558–1560)

See also

Notes and references

  • Skyum-Nielsen, Niels (1981). Danish Medieval History & Saxo Grammaticus. Museum Tusculanum Press. ISBN 87-88073-30-0.
  1. ^ Skyum-Nielsen pp. 113-115
  2. ^ a b Woodward, John (1894). "Reval (Bishopric)". A Treatise on Ecclesiastical Heraldry. W. & A.K. Johnston. p. 316.
  3. ^ Roberts, Michael (1986). The Early Vasas: A History of Sweden 1523-1611. CUP Archive. ISBN 0-521-31182-9.
  4. ^ Elton, Geoffrey Rudolph (1990). The New Cambridge Modern History: The Reformation, 1520-1559. Cambridge University Press. p. 621. ISBN 0-521-34536-7.

59°26′N 24°45′E / 59.433°N 24.750°E / 59.433; 24.750

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