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Coordinates: 52°30′47″N 21°4′10″E / 52.51306°N 21.06944°E / 52.51306; 21.06944
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| image_flag = POL Serock flag.svg
| image_flag = POL Serock flag.svg
| image_shield = POL Serock COA.svg
| image_shield = POL Serock COA.svg
| pushpin_map = Poland
| pushpin_map = Poland#Poland Masovian Voivodeship
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_type = Country
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| leader_name = Sylwester Edwin Sokolnicki
| leader_name = Sylwester Edwin Sokolnicki
| established_title = Established
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 11th century
| established_date = 10th century
| established_title3 = Town rights
| established_title3 = Town rights
| established_date3 = 1417, 1923
| established_date3 = 1417, 1923
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| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| coordinates = {{coord|52|30|47|N|21|4|10|E|region:PL|display=inline}}
| coordinates = {{coord|52|30|47|N|21|4|10|E|region:PL|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 05-140
| postal_code = 05-140
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==History==
==History==


The first mention of the village dates from 1065 with the so-called "Falsyfikat mogileński," a document from the Benedictine monastery in [[Mogilno]]. The town is situated on the route which was the trade route leading from [[Gdańsk]] and [[Truso]] to [[Rus' (region)|Rus']].
The stronghold was founded in the 10th century, shortly after the creation of the Polish state by the [[Piast dynasty]].<ref name=sj>{{cite web|url=https://www.historia.serock.pl/2788,zarys-dziejow-serocka|title=Zarys dziejów Serocka|website=Izba Pamięci w Serocku|author=Sławomir Jakubczak|accessdate=27 December 2020|language=Polish}}</ref> The first mention of the settlement dates from 1065 with the so-called "Falsyfikat mogileński," a document from the Benedictine monastery in [[Mogilno]]. The town is situated on the route which was the trade route leading from [[Gdańsk]] and [[Truso]] to [[Rus' (region)|Rus']].


Between 1113 and 1124, Serock was also mentioned in a list as one of the most important princely castles of Mazovia, which operated a river crossing (the [[Bug River|Bug]] and [[Narew]] rivers intersect beside Serock) with a customs house.
Between 1113 and 1124, Serock was also mentioned in a list as one of the most important princely castles of Mazovia, which operated a river crossing (the [[Bug River|Bug]] and [[Narew]] rivers intersect beside Serock) with a customs house.


From 1417, Serock was granted [[city rights]] under [[Kulm law|Chełmno law]] by [[Janusz I of Warsaw]]. By then it was already a craft and commercial center. From this period the urban layout was created in the form of the market square and the late Gothic church of the parish.
During the fragmentation of Poland into smaller provincial duchies, Serock became part of the [[Duchy of Masovia]], still ruled by the founding Piast dynasty. In 1417, Serock was granted [[town rights]] under [[Kulm law|Chełmno law]] by [[Janusz I of Warsaw]]. By then it was already a craft and commercial center. From this period the urban layout was created in the form of the market square and the late [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] church of the parish.


In the 15th and 17th century municipal courts were held there. From 1655 to 1660, during the [[Deluge (history)|Swedish invasion]], the city was largely destroyed. From 1795, it was in the [[Prussian Partition|Prussian partition]]. In 1807 it came under the possession of the [[Duchy of Warsaw]], and from 1815 it was under [[Russian Partition|Russian rule]].
Serock was a [[Royal city in Poland|royal town]] of the Polish Crown, administratively located in the [[Masovian Voivodeship (1526–1795)|Masovian Voivodeship]] in the [[Greater Poland Province of the Polish Crown]]. In the 15th and 17th century municipal courts were held there. From 1655 to 1660, during the [[Deluge (history)|Swedish invasion]], the town was largely destroyed. After the [[Third Partition of Poland]] in 1795, it was located in the [[Prussian Partition]]. In 1807 it came under the possession of the short-lived Polish [[Duchy of Warsaw]], and after its dissolution in 1815 it was part of so-called [[Congress Poland]] in the [[Russian Partition]] of Poland.


Serock repeatedly was on the battle lines on the outskirts of Warsaw, including in 1794, 1809 and 1831. In 1806, on the orders of [[Napoleon|Napoleon I]] fortifications were built in Serock. From 1807 it was a fortress. During the [[Polish–Austrian War|Polish–Austrian war]] in 1809, it was the operational location of General [[Józef Niemojewski]]'s troops. Then the fortress was expanded (at the initiative of the [[Marshal of France|French Marshal]] [[Louis-Nicolas Davout|Davout]]) until 1811, when it gained greater importance than [[Modlin Fortress]]. In 1831 the Polish army formed in Serock (during the [[November Uprising]]).
Serock repeatedly was on the battle lines on the outskirts of Warsaw, including in 1794, 1809 and 1831. In 1806, on the orders of [[Napoleon|Napoleon I]] fortifications were built in Serock. From 1807 it was a fortress. During the [[Polish–Austrian War|Polish–Austrian war]] in 1809, it was the operational location of General [[Józef Niemojewski]]'s troops. Then the fortress was expanded (at the initiative of the [[Marshal of France|French Marshal]] [[Louis-Nicolas Davout|Davout]]) until 1811, when it gained greater importance than [[Modlin Fortress]]. In 1831 the Polish army formed in Serock (during the [[November Uprising]]).


After the unsuccessful Polish [[January Uprising]], Serock was deprived of town rights by the Russian administration in 1870, and entered a period of stagnation.<ref name=sj/> Serock experienced an sizeable influx of [[Jews]] as a result of Russian discriminatory policies and the expulsion of Jews from Russian lands (see ''[[Pale of Settlement]]''), however, many soon emigrated to the [[Americas]]. In the early 20th century Serock was a popular destination for [[Poles|Polish]] artists.<ref name=sj/> During [[World War I]] it was occupied by [[German Empire|Germany]], and in 1918 local Poles disarmed the Germans,<ref name=sj/> and Serock was reintegrated with Poland, which just regained independence. The town rights were eventually restored in 1923.
In 1870, the city was deprived of city rights. They were recovered in 1923.


In September 1939, Serock was a place of fighting during the [[Invasion of Poland]]; further fighting between the Soviets and Germans occurred in 1944 and 1945.
In September 1939, Serock was a place of fighting during the [[Invasion of Poland]]; further fighting between the Soviets and Germans occurred in 1944 and 1945.
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* [http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/city/serock/ Jewish Community in Serock] on Virtual Shtetl
* [http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/city/serock/ Jewish Community in Serock] on Virtual Shtetl


{{coord|52|30|47|N|21|04|10|E|type:city|display=title}}
{{Gmina Serock}}
{{Gmina Serock}}


Revision as of 16:15, 27 December 2020

For other places with the same name, see Serock (disambiguation).
Serock
Town hall
Town hall
Flag of Serock
Flag
Coat of arms of Serock
Coat of arms
Serock is located in Poland
Serock
Serock
Serock is located in Masovian Voivodeship
Serock
Serock
Coordinates: 52°30′47″N 21°4′10″E / 52.51306°N 21.06944°E / 52.51306; 21.06944
Country Poland
VoivodeshipMasovian
CountyLegionowo
GminaSerock
Established10th century
Town rights1417, 1923
Government
 • MayorSylwester Edwin Sokolnicki
Area
 • Total
12.48 km2 (4.82 sq mi)
Elevation
110 m (360 ft)
Population
 (2006)
 • Total
3,721
 • Density300/km2 (770/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
05-140
Area code+48 22
Car platesWL
Websitehttp://www.serock.pl

Serock [ˈsɛrɔt͡sk] is a town at the north bank of the Zegrze lake in the Legionowo County, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland, around 40 kilometres (25 miles) north of Warsaw. It has 4,109 inhabitants (2013).

History

The stronghold was founded in the 10th century, shortly after the creation of the Polish state by the Piast dynasty.[1] The first mention of the settlement dates from 1065 with the so-called "Falsyfikat mogileński," a document from the Benedictine monastery in Mogilno. The town is situated on the route which was the trade route leading from Gdańsk and Truso to Rus'.

Between 1113 and 1124, Serock was also mentioned in a list as one of the most important princely castles of Mazovia, which operated a river crossing (the Bug and Narew rivers intersect beside Serock) with a customs house.

During the fragmentation of Poland into smaller provincial duchies, Serock became part of the Duchy of Masovia, still ruled by the founding Piast dynasty. In 1417, Serock was granted town rights under Chełmno law by Janusz I of Warsaw. By then it was already a craft and commercial center. From this period the urban layout was created in the form of the market square and the late Gothic church of the parish.

Serock was a royal town of the Polish Crown, administratively located in the Masovian Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province of the Polish Crown. In the 15th and 17th century municipal courts were held there. From 1655 to 1660, during the Swedish invasion, the town was largely destroyed. After the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, it was located in the Prussian Partition. In 1807 it came under the possession of the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw, and after its dissolution in 1815 it was part of so-called Congress Poland in the Russian Partition of Poland.

Serock repeatedly was on the battle lines on the outskirts of Warsaw, including in 1794, 1809 and 1831. In 1806, on the orders of Napoleon I fortifications were built in Serock. From 1807 it was a fortress. During the Polish–Austrian war in 1809, it was the operational location of General Józef Niemojewski's troops. Then the fortress was expanded (at the initiative of the French Marshal Davout) until 1811, when it gained greater importance than Modlin Fortress. In 1831 the Polish army formed in Serock (during the November Uprising).

After the unsuccessful Polish January Uprising, Serock was deprived of town rights by the Russian administration in 1870, and entered a period of stagnation.[1] Serock experienced an sizeable influx of Jews as a result of Russian discriminatory policies and the expulsion of Jews from Russian lands (see Pale of Settlement), however, many soon emigrated to the Americas. In the early 20th century Serock was a popular destination for Polish artists.[1] During World War I it was occupied by Germany, and in 1918 local Poles disarmed the Germans,[1] and Serock was reintegrated with Poland, which just regained independence. The town rights were eventually restored in 1923.

In September 1939, Serock was a place of fighting during the Invasion of Poland; further fighting between the Soviets and Germans occurred in 1944 and 1945.

In December 5, 1939, around 3,000 Jews were deported from the city by the Germans. From 1940 to 1944 there was a forced labor camp there, and in 1942 the ghetto contained around two thousand people.

During World War II, Serock was in the Third Reich, the boundary between the Third Reich and the General Government proceeded along the Narew river. In November and December of 1944 the Eastern Front ran through the town. Germany defended from Serock across the Narew against the Red Army. The Russians launched a massive Katyusha rocket launcher attack resulting in Serock's destruction. After the war it was rebuilt.

Today there are no Jews. In the summer of 2000, a visiting descendant of former residents discovered that a number of gravestones (matzevot) were piled up in the city park.[2] The stones had been gathered by a non-Jewish resident who roped off the area. In 2006, a visit by members of the Jewish Records Indexing-Poland project confirmed this and an attempt is under way to establish a memorial on the site of the former Jewish cemetery. The United States Commission for the Preservation of America's Heritage Abroad is involved in the project.[3]

The model settlement Barbarka

A model of the Barbarka settlement

An early medieval settlement called Ogrodziskiem or Barbarką was located on the right bank of the Narew river, near the mouth of the Bug river. Its development was from the 11th to 13th centuries. It represents one of the oldest castles in Mazovia.

The settlement was located on two trade and communication routes:

During the tests conducted in 1961 by Prof. Dr. Zdzisław Rajewski, pieces of pottery, pugging (flooring) and parts of animal bones were found.

Excavations carried out from 1962 to 1966 by Barbarę Zawadzką-Antosik showed three stages of the early settlement and human functioning in these areas in the 14th and 17th centuries. They also located the cemetery and a nave chapel with apse.

Approximately 200 archaeological sites were excavated consisting of, among others, fragments of pottery, animal bones and the remains of fish. They showed that the people mainly engaged in agriculture (cultivated wheat, rye, peas), fishing, weaving and craft work.

Church of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary

Church of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Serock

The brick, one-nave church of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Kościół Zwiastowania Najświętszej Maryi Panny) - formerly St. Adalbert's (św. Wojciecha) - was founded by the dukes of Mazovia: Janusz III and Stanislaus. The initiator was a Serock pastor Wojciech Popielski of Popielżyna. The church was built between the first quarter and the end of the 16th century. In the 3rd quarter of the 18th century, the window was rebuilt. It has been restored many times, notably from 1934 to 1938.

The church has a floor positioned below the level of the environment, a simple closed chancel, two symmetrically placed vestries, a three-bay nave, and a tower. It was built on a thread cross. The vaults of the nave barrel vault with lunettes of the star superimposed on grid ribs. On the eastern slope is the inscription IH1586 .

There is a picture showing Stanislas Witold Bienias’ Battle of Warsaw in 1920 as well as original baroque items such as:

In 1961, the church was entered in the Polish register of monuments.

Industry

In Serock there are small service and manufacturing industries. Goods manufactured here are mainly food, electrical engineering, ceramics, furniture and equipment. Around the village, strawberries and vegetables are grown.

Tourism

Serock is a recreational and relaxation site. Holiday resorts and conference and training centres are located here or nearby. There is also a haven for passenger shipping. There are numerous organised hiking trails, including the road brook and ravine at the top of the Barbarka. Through the village runs the tourist walking trail with Dębego. As a result of the damming of the Bug and Narew rivers, conditions are ideal for water sports and fishing. There are approximately 4,500 recreational homes in the area.

The location is also a center of culture and sport. There's a lot of organised cultural events, including the International Folklore Review Kupalnocka (including experienced teams from Taiwan, Russia, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Chile, Romania, Slovakia, Sweden, Greece, Egypt, Italy, France, Turkey, Canada, Croatia, and the Netherlands) and Serock Summer Music (including vocal and instrumental concerts at the top of Barbarka).

Communication

Serock is at an intersection of national roads 61 and 62 which has bus connections but no railway connections.

Twin towns – sister cities

  • The market in Serock
    The market in Serock
  • The church in Serock
    The church in Serock
  • The church in Serock
    The church in Serock
  • Interior of the church
    Interior of the church
  • Jubilee Bell (AD 2000)
    Jubilee Bell (AD 2000)

References

  1. ^ a b c d Sławomir Jakubczak. "Zarys dziejów Serocka". Izba Pamięci w Serocku (in Polish). Retrieved 27 December 2020.
  2. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2007-02-08. Retrieved 2007-03-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  3. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2007-06-08. Retrieved 2007-03-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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