Army Mountaineering Association: Difference between revisions
m Added Col M Bridges & added information to Col Henry Day entry. |
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* 1969 - North Greenland - [[Peary Land]] (Joint Service)(Army led)<ref>Alpine Journal 1970, Notes - Greenland https://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_1970.html</ref> |
* 1969 - North Greenland - [[Peary Land]] (Joint Service)(Army led)<ref>Alpine Journal 1970, Notes - Greenland https://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_1970.html</ref> |
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* 1970 – [[Annapurna]]<ref>http://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_1971_files/AJ%201971%2088-98%20Day%20Annapurna.pdf# | accessed 26 March 2016</ref><ref>{{cite book | title = Military Mountaineering, page 102 | author = Lane, Bronco | year = 2000 | publisher = hayloft | location = | isbn = 0-9523282-1-6}}</ref> |
* 1970 – [[Annapurna]]<ref>http://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_1971_files/AJ%201971%2088-98%20Day%20Annapurna.pdf# | accessed 26 March 2016</ref><ref>{{cite book | title = Military Mountaineering, page 102 | author = Lane, Bronco | year = 2000 | publisher = hayloft | location = | isbn = 0-9523282-1-6}}</ref> |
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* 1971 - AMA West Greenland (Evighedsfjord). |
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* 1972 – [[Axel Heiberg Island]]<ref>Pushing the Limits: The Story of Canadian Mountaineering Published by Rocky Mountain Books, Calgary, Canada. Year 2000 {{ISBN|0-921102-59-3}} page 300</ref><ref>{{cite book | title = Military Mountaineering, page 109 | author = Lane, Bronco | year = 2000 | publisher = hayloft | location = | isbn = 0-9523282-1-6}}</ref> |
* 1972 – [[Axel Heiberg Island]]<ref>Pushing the Limits: The Story of Canadian Mountaineering Published by Rocky Mountain Books, Calgary, Canada. Year 2000 {{ISBN|0-921102-59-3}} page 300</ref><ref>{{cite book | title = Military Mountaineering, page 109 | author = Lane, Bronco | year = 2000 | publisher = hayloft | location = | isbn = 0-9523282-1-6}}</ref> |
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* 1972 - [[Patagonia]] - [[Northern Patagonian Ice Field]] (Chile) - (Joint Services)(Army led)<ref>The Geographical Journal |
* 1972 - [[Patagonia]] - [[Northern Patagonian Ice Field]] (Chile) - (Joint Services)(Army led)<ref>The Geographical Journal |
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* [[Lieutenant Colonel]] [[J. O. M. Roberts]] [[Member of the Royal Victorian Order|MVO]], {{post-nominals|MBE}}, [[Military Cross|MC]] ([[Ghurka]]s) – First Ascents of [[Annapurna II]] – 1960, [[Mera Peak]] – 20 May 1953 and [[Putha Hiunchuli]] – 11 November 1952.<ref>https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/obituary-lt-col-james-roberts-1296352.html | accessed 16 April 2016</ref><ref>http://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_1998_files/AJ%201998%20332-359%20In%20Memoriam.pdf | Accessed 16 April 2016</ref> |
* [[Lieutenant Colonel]] [[J. O. M. Roberts]] [[Member of the Royal Victorian Order|MVO]], {{post-nominals|MBE}}, [[Military Cross|MC]] ([[Ghurka]]s) – First Ascents of [[Annapurna II]] – 1960, [[Mera Peak]] – 20 May 1953 and [[Putha Hiunchuli]] – 11 November 1952.<ref>https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/obituary-lt-col-james-roberts-1296352.html | accessed 16 April 2016</ref><ref>http://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_1998_files/AJ%201998%20332-359%20In%20Memoriam.pdf | Accessed 16 April 2016</ref> |
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* Colonel [[Colonel Henry Day|Henry Day]] ([[Royal Engineers]]) – Member of the Tirich Mir expediton (1969)for the 2nd Ascent (and first British Ascent) of Annapurna <ref>http://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_1971_files/AJ%201971%2088-98%20Day%20Annapurna.pdf</ref>, 20 May 1970. He was a member of the Everest expedition (1976). |
* Colonel [[Colonel Henry Day|Henry Day]] ([[Royal Engineers]]) – Member of the Tirich Mir expediton (1969)for the 2nd Ascent (and first British Ascent) of Annapurna <ref>http://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_1971_files/AJ%201971%2088-98%20Day%20Annapurna.pdf</ref>, 20 May 1970. He was a member of the Everest expedition (1976). |
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* Colonel Meryon Bridges, OBE, [[Royal Engineers]] was a member of the 1971 AMA Greenland ( |
* Colonel Meryon Bridges, OBE, [[Royal Engineers]] was a member of the 1971 AMA Greenland (Evighedsfjord) and the 1972 AMA Alex Heiberg expeditions and then took part in eight Himalayan expeditions between 1973 and 1996, including Everest (1976), Api (1980), Everest (1992), and then led the successful Gasherbrum I (1996) expedition. |
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* [[Lieutenant Colonel]] Jon W A Fleming OBE [[Parachute Regiment (United Kingdom)]] – Deputy leader of Greenland expeditions 1967 & 1968, Leader of Tirich Mir Expedition 1969, Leader of Himachal Pradesh Expedition 1973 & Leader of Nuptse Expedition 1975, Organising Secretary Everest Expedition 1976, Co-author Soldiers on Everest. |
* [[Lieutenant Colonel]] Jon W A Fleming OBE [[Parachute Regiment (United Kingdom)]] – Deputy leader of Greenland expeditions 1967 & 1968, Leader of Tirich Mir Expedition 1969, Leader of Himachal Pradesh Expedition 1973 & Leader of Nuptse Expedition 1975, Organising Secretary Everest Expedition 1976, Co-author Soldiers on Everest. |
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* [[Lieutenant Colonel]] A J Muston, RAOC, MBE, FRGS. Vice President AMA, President, The Arctic Club (1995). Leader or member of 6 Army expeditions to Greenland in 1971, 1979, 1980, 1984, 1988, and 1989; leader Axel Heiberg, Canada expedition in 1972; and to the Himalayas in 1973 (Himachal Pradesh), 1975 (Nuptse), 1976 (Everest) and 1982 (West Nepal) with many other expeditions after leaving service in 1989 including an expedition to East Greenland in 2011. |
* [[Lieutenant Colonel]] A J Muston, RAOC, MBE, FRGS. Vice President AMA, President, The Arctic Club (1995). Leader or member of 6 Army expeditions to Greenland in 1971, 1979, 1980, 1984, 1988, and 1989; leader Axel Heiberg, Canada expedition in 1972; and to the Himalayas in 1973 (Himachal Pradesh), 1975 (Nuptse), 1976 (Everest) and 1982 (West Nepal) with many other expeditions after leaving service in 1989 including an expedition to East Greenland in 2011. |
Revision as of 16:44, 27 December 2020
The British Army Mountaineering Association (AMA) is the governing body for climbing competitions and the representative body for mountaineering in the British Army. It is a member of the British Mountaineering Council[1] and is the largest climbing club in the United Kingdom.[2]
Abbreviation | AMA |
---|---|
Formation | 1957 |
Type | Charitable Association |
Headquarters | Joint Service Mountain Training Centre (Indefatigable), Llanfair PG, Anglesey, LL61 6NT. |
Membership | circa 2,500 |
President | Maj Gen David Southall[3] |
Website | http://www.armymountaineer.org.uk/ |
History, Organisation and Status
The AMA was formed on 24 May 1957.[4][5] It has charitable status and its constitution states that it exists 'To promote military efficiency by encouraging mountaineering in the Army'. Membership is open to serving members of the British Army and the Army Reserve. Since its inception the AMA has been involved in delivering and supporting mountaineering activity for its members. The association is currently engaged in two major areas of activity which are: mountaineering and climbing competitions each of which is governed separately.
The business of the AMA is managed by an executive committee who are elected annually. Its current president is Major General David Southall[6]
Mountaineering
The AMA organises mountaineering training and expeditions for its members and encourages them to organise their own expeditions. It makes grants from the AMA 'Memorial Fund' to help support individuals wishing to take part in significant mountaineering expeditions.[7] Since its inception the AMA has organised or provided significant support to a number of major expedition to the Greater Ranges including:
- 1959 – Malubiting East (First Ascent)[8][9][10][11]
- 1960 – Annapurna II (First Ascent) (Joint Service)[12]
- 1962 – Khunyang Chhish (also known as Khinyang Chhish)[13][14]
- 1967 - West Greenland - Kangerlussuatsiaq Fjord [15]
- 1968 - East Greenland - Kristians Glacier[16]
- 1969 – Tirich Mir[17][18]
- 1969 - North Greenland - Peary Land (Joint Service)(Army led)[19]
- 1970 – Annapurna[20][21]
- 1971 - AMA West Greenland (Evighedsfjord).
- 1972 – Axel Heiberg Island[22][23]
- 1972 - Patagonia - Northern Patagonian Ice Field (Chile) - (Joint Services)(Army led)[24][25]
- 1973 - Himachal Pradesh Expedition[26]
- 1974 – Lamjung Himal (See German Wiki page – de:Lamjung Himal for more info on Lamjung Himal)[27]
- 1975 – Nuptse (Joint British Army/Royal Nepalese Army expedition)[28][29]
- 1976 – Mount Everest – South Col (Joint British Army/Royal Nepalese Army expedition)[30][31]
- 1978 - East Greenland - Scoresby Sound area.[32]
- 1980 – Api[33]
- 1982 - Ngadi Chuli (Peak 29) [34]
- 1985 – Kirat Chuli (Joint British Army/Royal Nepalese Army expedition)[35]
- 1986 - Alpamayo[36]
- 1987 – Shishapangma (Xixabangma) (Joint AMA / Civilian expedition)[37]
- 1987 – Saser Kangri (First Ascent of Saser Kangri IV)[38]
- 1988 – Mount Everest – West Ridge[39]
- 1989 - East Greenland - Liverpool Land[40]
- 1990 – Gyachung Kang[41]
- 1992 – Annapurna IV[42][43]
- 1992 – Mount Everest – West Ridge[39]
- 1994 – Mount Foraker – Archangel Ridge (Second Ascent)[44][45]
- 1996 – Gasherbrum I (Hidden Peak)[46][47]
- 2000 – Kangchenjunga (Joint Service) – (Royal Navy lead)[48]
- 2004 – Makalu (Joint Service – RAF Lead)[49]
- 2006 – Mount Everest – West Ridge[50]
- 2007 – Shishapangma[51]
- 2008 – Makalu (Joint Service – RAF Lead)[52]
- 2012 – Antarctica – Graham Land (Joint Service – British Army Lead)[53][54]
- 2015 – Mount Everest – North Ridge (Received AMA Support)[55][56]
- 2017 – Putha Hiunchuli – Normal Route
Climbing Competitions
The AMA organises bouldering and indoor sport climbing competitions for the Army. The first Army level sport climbing competition was organised at Bristol by Colonel Paul John Edwards on 28 April 1995. The AMA continues to organise indoor climbing competitions and now competes annually against the Royal Navy and RAF, as well as contributing members to the Combined Services Sport Climbing team, which competes regularly against military sport climbers from other countries.[57][58]
Prominent AMA members
The following are current/former presidents, Vice-Presidents or Chairman of the AMA.[59]
- Field Marshal Sir Gerald Templer KG, GCB, GCMG, KBE, DSO (President) (Loyal Regiment (North Lancashire))
- Brigadier John Hunt, Baron Hunt KG, CBE, DSO, PC (Vice-President) (King's Royal Rifle Corps)
- Sir Chris Bonington CVO, CBE, DL (Honorary Vice-President) (Royal Tank Regiment)
- Lieutenant Colonel Tony Streather OBE (Honorary President) (Gloucestershire Regiment)
UIAGM Mountain Guides: The following AMA members have become members of the British Association of Mountain Guides
- Major Mac McKay (Royal Army Physical Training Corps)[60]
- Captain Stuart McDonald (Royal Engineers) (Everest Summiteer).[61][62]
- Warrant Officer Class 1 Paul Chiddle (Royal Army Physical Training Corps)[63]
- Captain Tania Noakes (Royal Signals)[64]
Other notable AMA Members:
- Lieutenant Colonel Charles Wylie OBE (Ghurkas) – Organising Secretary to the 1953 British Mount Everest expedition.[65]
- Lieutenant Colonel J. O. M. Roberts MVO, MBE, MC (Ghurkas) – First Ascents of Annapurna II – 1960, Mera Peak – 20 May 1953 and Putha Hiunchuli – 11 November 1952.[66][67]
- Colonel Henry Day (Royal Engineers) – Member of the Tirich Mir expediton (1969)for the 2nd Ascent (and first British Ascent) of Annapurna [68], 20 May 1970. He was a member of the Everest expedition (1976).
- Colonel Meryon Bridges, OBE, Royal Engineers was a member of the 1971 AMA Greenland (Evighedsfjord) and the 1972 AMA Alex Heiberg expeditions and then took part in eight Himalayan expeditions between 1973 and 1996, including Everest (1976), Api (1980), Everest (1992), and then led the successful Gasherbrum I (1996) expedition.
- Lieutenant Colonel Jon W A Fleming OBE Parachute Regiment (United Kingdom) – Deputy leader of Greenland expeditions 1967 & 1968, Leader of Tirich Mir Expedition 1969, Leader of Himachal Pradesh Expedition 1973 & Leader of Nuptse Expedition 1975, Organising Secretary Everest Expedition 1976, Co-author Soldiers on Everest.
- Lieutenant Colonel A J Muston, RAOC, MBE, FRGS. Vice President AMA, President, The Arctic Club (1995). Leader or member of 6 Army expeditions to Greenland in 1971, 1979, 1980, 1984, 1988, and 1989; leader Axel Heiberg, Canada expedition in 1972; and to the Himalayas in 1973 (Himachal Pradesh), 1975 (Nuptse), 1976 (Everest) and 1982 (West Nepal) with many other expeditions after leaving service in 1989 including an expedition to East Greenland in 2011.
- Major Sir Crispin Agnew of Lochnaw Bt, RHF, FRGS (1969) – Member RN Expedition to Greenland 1966, Leader Army East Greenland 1968, Member Joint Services Elephant Island Expedition 1970/71, Leader Joint Services Chilean Patagonia Expedition 1972/73, Member Nuptse Expedition 1975, Member Everest Expedition 1976, Leader Army Api Expedition 1980.
- Major Timothy King, RAOC. AMA Executive Committee member 1980 to 1989, Chair 1989 to 1992 and Chair Joint Services Mountaineering Committee. Started “The Army Mountaineer”, the Journal of the AMA.[69] Leader of AMA Expeditions to Liverpool Land (1989); Sondestrom Fiord (1992); member of the Axel Heiberg Island (1972), Nuptse (1975), Everest (1976), and NE Greenland (1980) expeditions.
- Major Bronco Lane MM, BEM (Special Air Service) – Ascent of Everest, 16 May 1976[70]
- John Stokes (mountaineer) (Brummy Stokes), MBE, BEM (Special Air Service) – Ascent of Everest, 16 May 1976 with Bronco Lane[70]
- Major Mike Smith (Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers) – UK veteran sport climbing champion 2009[71]
References
- ^ https://www.thebmc.co.uk/find-a-club | accessed 16 April 2016
- ^ http://www.ukclimbing.com/listings/info.php?id=130 | accessed 6 May 2016
- ^ "Transparency data: Joint Forces Command senior, as of September 2015". Ministry of Defence.\Accessed 24 October 2016
- ^ http://www.armymountaineer.org.uk/media/Mountain%20Moments.pdf# | Page 6 | Accessed 27 March 2016
- ^ http://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_1960_files/AJ%201960%20214-219%20Mills%20AMA.pdf | accessed 11 April 2016
- ^ https://www.gov.uk/government/news/army-hosts-the-european-military-climbing-championships | Accessed 16 April 2016
- ^ http://www.armymountaineer.org.uk/media/2007-Summer.pdf |page 24 | accessed 27 March 2016
- ^ http://www.armymountaineer.org.uk/media/Mountain%20Moments.pdf# | Page 11 | Accessed 27 March 2016
- ^ http://footlesscrow.blogspot.co.uk/2013/11/army-dreamer-portrait-of-tony-streather.html | Accessed 26 March 2016
- ^ Lane, Bronco (2000). Military Mountaineering, page 41. hayloft. ISBN 0-9523282-1-6.
- ^ http://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_1960_files/AJ%201960%2037-47%20Streather%20Karakoram.pdf | accessed 6 May 2016
- ^ Lane, Bronco (2000). Military Mountaineering, page 46. hayloft. ISBN 0-9523282-1-6.
- ^ https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/24/14/khinyang-chhish-1962/# | Accessed 31 March 2016
- ^ Lane, Bronco (2000). Military Mountaineering, page 49. hayloft. ISBN 0-9523282-1-6.
- ^ Alpine Journal 1968 Sukkertoppen Wedding Cate: the Army Mountaineering Expedition, 1967 https://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_1968.html
- ^ Alpine Journal Notes Army East Greenland Expedition 1968 http://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_1969_files/AJ%201969%20276-287%20Notes%20Greenland.pdf
- ^ http://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_1971_files/AJ%201971%2088-98%20Day%20Annapurna.pdf# | Accessed 26 March 2016
- ^ Lane, Bronco (2000). Military Mountaineering, page 62. hayloft. ISBN 0-9523282-1-6.
- ^ Alpine Journal 1970, Notes - Greenland https://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_1970.html
- ^ http://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_1971_files/AJ%201971%2088-98%20Day%20Annapurna.pdf# | accessed 26 March 2016
- ^ Lane, Bronco (2000). Military Mountaineering, page 102. hayloft. ISBN 0-9523282-1-6.
- ^ Pushing the Limits: The Story of Canadian Mountaineering Published by Rocky Mountain Books, Calgary, Canada. Year 2000 ISBN 0-921102-59-3 page 300
- ^ Lane, Bronco (2000). Military Mountaineering, page 109. hayloft. ISBN 0-9523282-1-6.
- ^ The Geographical Journal Vol. 140, No. 2 (Jun. 1974), pp. 262-268 https://www.jstor.org/stable/1797083?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
- ^ Lane, Bronco (2000). Military Mountaineering, page 111. hayloft. ISBN 0-9523282-1-6.
- ^ Alpine Journal 1974 The Army Mountaineering Association Himachal Praedesh Expedition 1973 https://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_1974.html
- ^ Lane, Bronco (2000). Military Mountaineering, page 114. hayloft. ISBN 0-9523282-1-6.
- ^ http://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_1976_files/AJ%201976%20107-116%20Fleming%20Nuptse.pdf#%7C Accessed 26 March 2016
- ^ Lane, Bronco (2000). Military Mountaineering, page 121. hayloft. ISBN 0-9523282-1-6.
- ^ https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/35/9/everest-1976/# | Accessed 26 March 2016
- ^ Lane, Bronco (2000). Military Mountaineering, page 124. hayloft. ISBN 0-9523282-1-6.
- ^ Lane, Bronco (2000). Military Mountaineering, page 136. hayloft. ISBN 0-9523282-1-6.
- ^ http://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_1981_files/AJ%201981%20167-171%20Agnew%20Api.pdf | Accessed 27 March 2016
- ^ Lane, Bronco (2000). Military Mountaineering, page 171. hayloft. ISBN 0-9523282-1-6.
- ^ http://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_1987_files/AJ%201987%20238-243%20MEF%20Notes.pdf# |Page 241| Accessed 27 March 2016
- ^ Lane, Bronco (2000). Military Mountaineering, page 187. hayloft. ISBN 0-9523282-1-6.
- ^ Lane, Bronco (2000). Military Mountaineering, page 188. hayloft. ISBN 0-9523282-1-6.
- ^ Lane, Bronco (2000). Military Mountaineering, page 195. hayloft. ISBN 0-9523282-1-6.
- ^ a b http://www.jagged-globe.co.uk/news/item.php?id=656 | Accessed 26 March 2016
- ^ T King, Liverpool Land, Alpine Journal 1990 pp 142 - 144. http://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_1990-91_files/AJ%201990%20142-144%20King%20Liverpool%20Land.pdf
- ^ Lane, Bronco (2000). Military Mountaineering, page 213. hayloft. ISBN 0-9523282-1-6.
- ^ http://www.armymountaineer.org.uk/media/1994-Winter.pdf# | Accessed 27 March 2016
- ^ Lane, Bronco (2000). Military Mountaineering, page 223. hayloft. ISBN 0-9523282-1-6.
- ^ Lane, Bronco (2000). Military Mountaineering, page 243. hayloft. ISBN 0-9523282-1-6.
- ^ http://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_1994_files/AJ%201994%20274-276%20North%20America.pdf | accessed 16 April 2016
- ^ http://www.armymountaineer.org.uk/media/Mountain%20Moments.pdf# | Accessed 26 March 2016
- ^ Lane, Bronco (2000). Military Mountaineering, page 254. hayloft. ISBN 0-9523282-1-6.
- ^ http://www.bluedome.co.uk/Kangchenjunga2000/seniorteam.html#%7C Accessed 26 March 2016
- ^ http://www.rafactive.co.uk/e23/e23makalu.html | accessed 26 March 2016
- ^ http://www.everestnews.com/everest2006/westridge04282006.htm | Accessed 26 March 2016
- ^ http://www.raf.mod.uk/rafmountaineering/rafcms/mediafiles/5C7A780E_1143_EC82_2E805E5E507705ED.pdf | Accessed 26 March 2016
- ^ https://www.thebmc.co.uk/award-for-makalu-expedition | Accessed 26 March 2016
- ^ http://www.bsae2012.co.uk/ | Accessed 14 April 2018
- ^ http://www.armymountaineer.org.uk/media/AMASummer2012.pdf | page 6 | Accessed 27 March 2016
- ^ https://www.facebook.com/armyeverest15/ | Accessed 26 March 2016
- ^ http://news.sky.com/story/1215853/british-army-team-ready-to-scale-everest
- ^ http://armysportcontrolboard.org/sport_contacts.html \ accessed 16 April 2015
- ^ http://www.armymountaineer.org.uk/media/1995-Autumn.pdf |page8 | Accessed 26 March 2016
- ^ http://www.armymountaineer.org.uk/media/Mountain%20Moments.pdf#
- ^ BMG. "mac mackay / Guides K-M / Members / British Mountain Guides". Archived from the original on 14 January 2014. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
- ^ BMG. "Stuart Macdonald / Guides K-M / Members / British Mountain Guides". Archived from the original on 4 July 2013. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
- ^ http://www.everest1953.co.uk/stuart-macdonald
- ^ BMG. "Paul Chiddle / Guides A-C / Members / British Mountain Guides". Archived from the original on 1 April 2016. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
- ^ BMG. "Tania Noakes / Guides N-Q / Members / British Mountain Guides". Archived from the original on 28 March 2016. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
- ^ https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/military-obituaries/gurkha-obituaries/1558607/Lieutenant-Colonel-Charles-Wylie.html | accessed 23 April 2016
- ^ https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/obituary-lt-col-james-roberts-1296352.html | accessed 16 April 2016
- ^ http://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_1998_files/AJ%201998%20332-359%20In%20Memoriam.pdf | Accessed 16 April 2016
- ^ http://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_1971_files/AJ%201971%2088-98%20Day%20Annapurna.pdf
- ^ /https://www.armymountaineer.org.uk/
- ^ a b http://www.everest1953.co.uk/michael-bronco-lane%7Caccessed[permanent dead link ] 16 May 2016
- ^ "BMC BLCC juniors and veterans results 2009".
External links
- Army Mountaineering Association – Official site