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'''Solid light''', often referred to in media as "'''hard light'''" or "'''hard-light'''", is a hypothetical material, made of [[light]] in a [[solid|solidified state]]. Theoretically, it is possible to make such a material,<ref name="ScienceDaily">{{cite web|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/05/070506160623.htm|title=Could Light Behave As A Solid? A New Theory|website=ScienceDaily|author=University of Melbourne|date=7 May 2007|access-date=30 January 2016}}</ref><ref name="Journals">{{cite journal | last1=Raftery | first1=J. | last2=Sadri | first2=D. | last3=Schmidt | first3=S. | last4=Türeci | first4=H. E. | last5=Houck | first5=A. A. | title=Observation of a Dissipation-Induced Classical to Quantum Transition | journal=Physical Review X | volume=4 | issue=3 | date=8 September 2014 | issn=2160-3308 | doi=10.1103/physrevx.4.031043 | page=031043| arxiv=1312.2963 | bibcode=2014PhRvX...4c1043R |doi-access=free}}</ref> and there are claims this material was already made,<ref name="huffington">{{cite web|last=Freeman|first=David|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/09/16/solid-light-created_n_5824268.html |title=Scientists Say They've Created A Freaky New Form Of Light|website=[[The Huffington Post]]|date=16 September 2014|access-date=30 January 2016}}</ref> including claims from [[MIT]] and [[Harvard]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Reuell|first=Peter|url=http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2013/09/seeing-light-in-a-new-way|title=Seeing light in a new way|website=Harvard Gazette|date=27 September 2013|access-date=30 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/science/2013/09/29/mit-harvard-scientists-accidentally-create-real-life-lightsaber.html |title=MIT, Harvard scientists accidentally create real-life lightsaber|website=Fox News|date=29 September 2013|access-date=30 January 2016|author=Fox News}}</ref> |
'''Solid light''', often referred to in media as "'''hard light'''" or "'''hard-light'''", is a hypothetical material, made of [[light]] in a [[solid|solidified state]]. Theoretically, it is possible to make such a material,<ref name="ScienceDaily">{{cite web|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/05/070506160623.htm|title=Could Light Behave As A Solid? A New Theory|website=ScienceDaily|author=University of Melbourne|date=7 May 2007|access-date=30 January 2016}}</ref><ref name="Journals">{{cite journal | last1=Raftery | first1=J. | last2=Sadri | first2=D. | last3=Schmidt | first3=S. | last4=Türeci | first4=H. E. | last5=Houck | first5=A. A. | title=Observation of a Dissipation-Induced Classical to Quantum Transition | journal=Physical Review X | volume=4 | issue=3 | date=8 September 2014 | issn=2160-3308 | doi=10.1103/physrevx.4.031043 | page=031043| arxiv=1312.2963 | bibcode=2014PhRvX...4c1043R |doi-access=free}}</ref> and there are claims this material was already made,<ref name="huffington">{{cite web|last=Freeman|first=David|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/09/16/solid-light-created_n_5824268.html |title=Scientists Say They've Created A Freaky New Form Of Light|website=[[The Huffington Post]]|date=16 September 2014|access-date=30 January 2016}}</ref> including claims from [[MIT]] and [[Harvard]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Reuell|first=Peter|url=http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2013/09/seeing-light-in-a-new-way|title=Seeing light in a new way|website=Harvard Gazette|date=27 September 2013|access-date=30 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/science/2013/09/29/mit-harvard-scientists-accidentally-create-real-life-lightsaber.html |title=MIT, Harvard scientists accidentally create real-life lightsaber|website=Fox News|date=29 September 2013|access-date=30 January 2016|author=Fox News}}</ref> The material itself is hard to make because when photons come in contact with each other, they normally just pass right through each other; if you can force photons to behave like normal matter you can start to cool it down to a standstill and the "hard-light" is formed. |
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== Real-world progress == |
== Real-world progress == |
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In theory, [[photon]]s, the particles that form [[electromagnetic radiation]] including light, could be attracted in a [[nonlinear system|nonlinear]] medium. In a test, a [[laser]] beam fired into a [[cloud]] of [[rubidium]] a millionth of a degree above [[absolute zero]], which slowed down the photons from the speed of light (300,000km/second) by approximately 100,000 times to 3,000km/second which caused the photons to act as a single entity.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Firstenberg | first1=Ofer | last2=Peyronel | first2=Thibault | last3=Liang | first3=Qi-Yu | last4=Gorshkov | first4=Alexey V. | last5=Lukin | first5=Mikhail D. | last6=Vuletić | first6=Vladan | title=Attractive photons in a quantum nonlinear medium | journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | volume=502 | issue=7469 | date=25 September 2013 | issn=0028-0836 | doi=10.1038/nature12512 | pages=71–75| url=https://authors.library.caltech.edu/42032/7/nature12512-s1.pdf | pmid=24067613| bibcode=2013Natur.502...71F | hdl=1721.1/91605 | s2cid=1699899 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Emspak |first=Jesse |url=http://news.discovery.com/tech/gear-and-gadgets/solid-light-light-sabers-made-photons-130927.htm|title='Solid Light' Made from Photons|website=[[Discovery News]]|date=27 September 2013|access-date=30 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513195439/http://news.discovery.com/tech/gear-and-gadgets/solid-light-light-sabers-made-photons-130927.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> In 2013, the same group of scientists at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] led by [https://www.rle.mit.edu/people/directory/vladan-vuletic/ Vladan Vuletic] observed two photons binding and making a new state of matter. The scientists continue to attempt to find the boundaries of this new and |
In theory, [[photon]]s, the particles that form [[electromagnetic radiation]] including light, could be attracted in a [[nonlinear system|nonlinear]] medium. In a test, a [[laser]] beam fired into a [[cloud]] of [[rubidium]] a millionth of a degree above [[absolute zero]], which slowed down the photons from the speed of light (300,000km/second) by approximately 100,000 times to 3,000km/second, which caused the photons to act as a single entity.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Firstenberg | first1=Ofer | last2=Peyronel | first2=Thibault | last3=Liang | first3=Qi-Yu | last4=Gorshkov | first4=Alexey V. | last5=Lukin | first5=Mikhail D. | last6=Vuletić | first6=Vladan | title=Attractive photons in a quantum nonlinear medium | journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | volume=502 | issue=7469 | date=25 September 2013 | issn=0028-0836 | doi=10.1038/nature12512 | pages=71–75| url=https://authors.library.caltech.edu/42032/7/nature12512-s1.pdf | pmid=24067613| bibcode=2013Natur.502...71F | hdl=1721.1/91605 | s2cid=1699899 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Emspak |first=Jesse |url=http://news.discovery.com/tech/gear-and-gadgets/solid-light-light-sabers-made-photons-130927.htm|title='Solid Light' Made from Photons|website=[[Discovery News]]|date=27 September 2013|access-date=30 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513195439/http://news.discovery.com/tech/gear-and-gadgets/solid-light-light-sabers-made-photons-130927.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> In 2013, the same group of scientists at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] led by [https://www.rle.mit.edu/people/directory/vladan-vuletic/ Vladan Vuletic] observed two photons binding and making a new state of matter. The scientists continue to attempt to find the boundaries of this new and exciting field of development. |
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== Fiction == |
== Fiction == |
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Solid light appears in many [[List of video game franchises|video game franchises]], including ''[[Halo (series)|Halo]]'', ''[[Portal (video game series)|Portal]]'', ''[[Destiny (video game)|Destiny]]'', ''[[Mass Effect (series)|Mass Effect]]'' and ''[[Overwatch (video game)|Overwatch]]''. |
Solid light appears in many [[List of video game franchises|video game franchises]], including ''[[Halo (series)|Halo]]'', ''[[Portal (video game series)|Portal]]'', ''[[Destiny (video game)|Destiny]]'', ''[[Mass Effect (series)|Mass Effect]]'' and ''[[Overwatch (video game)|Overwatch]]''. |
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Probably the most prominent examples of solid light are the holograms and holodecks from ''[[Star Trek: The Next Generation]]'' and its [[Star Trek: Deep Space Nine|multiple]] [[Star Trek: Voyager|spin-offs]] and [[Star Trek: Picard|sequel series]]. Ranging from city-sized holographic environments and realistic, edible, nutritious food, to entire [[The Doctor (Star Trek: Voyager)|holographic people]], with observed-sentience and individual personalities. The widespread use of holograms and replicated materials (replicators and holograms seem to share a base technology in the ''[[Star Trek]]'' universe) |
Probably the most prominent examples of solid light are the holograms and holodecks from ''[[Star Trek: The Next Generation]]'' and its [[Star Trek: Deep Space Nine|multiple]] [[Star Trek: Voyager|spin-offs]] and [[Star Trek: Picard|sequel series]]. Ranging from city-sized holographic environments and realistic, edible, nutritious food, to entire [[The Doctor (Star Trek: Voyager)|holographic people]], with observed-sentience and individual personalities. The widespread use of holograms and replicated materials (replicators and holograms seem to share a base technology in the ''[[Star Trek]]'' universe) make it the most widely known and advanced form of solid light represented in fiction.<ref>https://www.startrek.com/article/meet-the-man-behind-the-holodeck-part-1</ref>{{primary source inline|date=February 2020}} |
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In "[[Red Dwarf]]" the character Rimmer is a hologram who obtains a hard light drive, allowing him to touch and feel while being almost indestructible. In ''[[Steven Universe]]'', the Gems are a fictional [[alien race]] consisting of magical [[Gemstone|gemstones]] that project humanoid physical bodies made of solid light. In the webseries ''[[RWBY]]'', the character Velvet Scarlatina uses a handheld camera to [[3D printing|3D print]] photographed weapons, made out of hard-light Dust. In DC Comics's ''[[Green Lantern]]'', the various Lantern Corps use solid light constructs. It is also portrayed in ''The Lightbringer'' series by fantasy author [[Brent Weeks]]{{citation needed|date=July 2017}} and in ''[[Dr. Strange]]''.{{cn|date=August 2018}} |
In "[[Red Dwarf]]" the character Rimmer is a hologram who obtains a hard light drive, allowing him to touch and feel while being almost indestructible. In ''[[Steven Universe]]'', the Gems are a fictional [[alien race]] consisting of magical [[Gemstone|gemstones]] that project humanoid physical bodies made of solid light. In the webseries ''[[RWBY]]'', the character Velvet Scarlatina uses a handheld camera to [[3D printing|3D print]] photographed weapons, made out of hard-light Dust. In DC Comics's ''[[Green Lantern]]'', the various Lantern Corps use solid light constructs. It is also portrayed in ''The Lightbringer'' series by fantasy author [[Brent Weeks]]{{citation needed|date=July 2017}} and in ''[[Dr. Strange]]''.{{cn|date=August 2018}} |
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Solid light, often referred to in media as "hard light" or "hard-light", is a hypothetical material, made of light in a solidified state. Theoretically, it is possible to make such a material,[1][2] and there are claims this material was already made,[3] including claims from MIT and Harvard.[4][5] The material itself is hard to make because when photons come in contact with each other, they normally just pass right through each other; if you can force photons to behave like normal matter you can start to cool it down to a standstill and the "hard-light" is formed.
Real-world progress
In theory, photons, the particles that form electromagnetic radiation including light, could be attracted in a nonlinear medium. In a test, a laser beam fired into a cloud of rubidium a millionth of a degree above absolute zero, which slowed down the photons from the speed of light (300,000km/second) by approximately 100,000 times to 3,000km/second, which caused the photons to act as a single entity.[6][7] In 2013, the same group of scientists at MIT led by Vladan Vuletic observed two photons binding and making a new state of matter. The scientists continue to attempt to find the boundaries of this new and exciting field of development.
Fiction
Solid light appears in many video game franchises, including Halo, Portal, Destiny, Mass Effect and Overwatch.
Probably the most prominent examples of solid light are the holograms and holodecks from Star Trek: The Next Generation and its multiple spin-offs and sequel series. Ranging from city-sized holographic environments and realistic, edible, nutritious food, to entire holographic people, with observed-sentience and individual personalities. The widespread use of holograms and replicated materials (replicators and holograms seem to share a base technology in the Star Trek universe) make it the most widely known and advanced form of solid light represented in fiction.[8][non-primary source needed]
In "Red Dwarf" the character Rimmer is a hologram who obtains a hard light drive, allowing him to touch and feel while being almost indestructible. In Steven Universe, the Gems are a fictional alien race consisting of magical gemstones that project humanoid physical bodies made of solid light. In the webseries RWBY, the character Velvet Scarlatina uses a handheld camera to 3D print photographed weapons, made out of hard-light Dust. In DC Comics's Green Lantern, the various Lantern Corps use solid light constructs. It is also portrayed in The Lightbringer series by fantasy author Brent Weeks[citation needed] and in Dr. Strange.[citation needed]
See also
References
- ^ University of Melbourne (7 May 2007). "Could Light Behave As A Solid? A New Theory". ScienceDaily. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
- ^ Raftery, J.; Sadri, D.; Schmidt, S.; Türeci, H. E.; Houck, A. A. (8 September 2014). "Observation of a Dissipation-Induced Classical to Quantum Transition". Physical Review X. 4 (3): 031043. arXiv:1312.2963. Bibcode:2014PhRvX...4c1043R. doi:10.1103/physrevx.4.031043. ISSN 2160-3308.
- ^ Freeman, David (16 September 2014). "Scientists Say They've Created A Freaky New Form Of Light". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
- ^ Reuell, Peter (27 September 2013). "Seeing light in a new way". Harvard Gazette. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
- ^ Fox News (29 September 2013). "MIT, Harvard scientists accidentally create real-life lightsaber". Fox News. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
- ^ Firstenberg, Ofer; Peyronel, Thibault; Liang, Qi-Yu; Gorshkov, Alexey V.; Lukin, Mikhail D.; Vuletić, Vladan (25 September 2013). "Attractive photons in a quantum nonlinear medium" (PDF). Nature. 502 (7469). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 71–75. Bibcode:2013Natur.502...71F. doi:10.1038/nature12512. hdl:1721.1/91605. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 24067613. S2CID 1699899.
- ^ Emspak, Jesse (27 September 2013). "'Solid Light' Made from Photons". Discovery News. Archived from the original on 13 May 2016. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
- ^ https://www.startrek.com/article/meet-the-man-behind-the-holodeck-part-1
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