COVID-19 pandemic in Europe

This article is about the pandemic on the continent. For the pandemic in the political and economic union, see European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

COVID-19 pandemic in Europe
Deaths per million residents as of 9 December 2020   > 728.3   457.2–728.3   258.3–457.2   116.2–258.3   < 116.2
Cumulative confirmed cases per 100,000 people as of 21 December 2020. The numbers are not comparable, as the testing strategy differs among countries and time periods.   > 4.000   3.300–4.000   2.500–3.300   1.500–2.500   < 1.500
Disease	COVID-19
Virus strain	SARS-CoV-2
Location	Europe
First outbreak	Wuhan, Hubei, China
Index case	Bordeaux, France
Arrival date	21 January 2020 (4 years, 11 months and 2 days ago)
Confirmed cases	23,470,480
Recovered	11,548,247
Deaths	540,454
Territories	57

As of 13 March 2020, when the number of new cases became greater than those in China, the World Health Organization (WHO) began to consider Europe the active centre of the COVID-19 pandemic. Cases by country across Europe had doubled over periods of typically 3 to 4 days, with some countries (mostly those at earlier stages of detection) showing doubling every 2 days.

As of 17 March, all countries within Europe had a confirmed case of COVID-19, with Montenegro being the last European country to report at least one case. At least one death has been reported in all European countries, apart from the Vatican City.

As of 18 March, more than 250 million people were in lockdown in Europe.

As of 24 May, 68 days since its first recorded case, Montenegro became the first COVID-19-free country in Europe, but this situation lasted only 44 days before a newly imported case was identified there. European countries with the highest number of confirmed COVID-19 cases are Russia, France, Spain, the United Kingdom, and Italy.

Statistics by country and territory

Summary table of statistics in Europe

Country/Territory	Tests	Reported cases	Reported deaths	Reported deaths per 1M population	Estimated excess mortality per 1M population 2020 and 2021	Recoveries	Ref
Albania	1,529,669	334,090	3,604	1,218	3,465	330,233
Andorra	249,838	48,015	159	1,974	2,055	47,806
Austria	126,775,946	6,081,287	22,534	2,053	1,075	no data
Belarus	11,193,320	994,037	7,118	739	4,831	928,536
Belgium	27,823,927	4,833,699	34,339	2,722	1,466	no data
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,505,807	403,364	16,369	4,873	3,339	no data
Bulgaria	7,692,793	1,331,456	38,657	5,434	6,473	1,289,148
Croatia	3,877,819	1,274,603	18,306	3,949	2,856	1,255,955
Cyprus	9,477,138	660,854	1,364	871	322	no data
Czech Republic	47,516,725	4,700,505	43,090	3,750	2,448	no data
Denmark	110,395,437	3,418,520	8,838	1,100	941	no data
Estonia	2,590,874	618,218	3,001	1,938	2,267	614,656
Faroe Islands	657,000	34,658	28	569	—	no data
Finland	8,803,391	1,508,603	10,184	848	808	no data
France	188,795,159	39,997,490	167,985	2,270	1,242	no data
Germany	89,622,218	38,437,756	174,979	1,663	1,205	no data
Gibraltar	460,732	20,550	113	3,029	—	no data
Greece	50,386,399	5,482,697	37,959	2,908	1,271	no data
Guernsey	—	35,326	41	—	—	35,151
Hungary	9,285,125	2,217,132	48,862	4,845	2,978	2,118,911
Iceland	1,425,512	209,191	260	443	-478	no data
Ireland	11,785,169	1,744,580	9,772	1,980	125	no data
Isle of Man	133,676	38,008	116	1,246	—	no data
Italy	148,159,131	26,904,497	197,714	2,777	2,274	26,490,448
Jersey	—	66,391	161	—	—	66,170
Kosovo	—	274,269	3,212	—	—	no data
Latvia	5,684,399	977,068	7,430	3,164	3,520	no data
Liechtenstein	80,432	21,526	87	2,217	—	16,199
Lithuania	6,727,723	1,355,324	9,769	3,457	3,850	no data
Luxembourg	3,847,888	386,030	1,000	1,679	892	no data
Malta	1,216,068	120,739	885	1,638	899	no data
Moldova	2,478,148	627,458	12,154	2,877	2,452	no data
Monaco	54,960	17,181	67	1,433	744	no data
Montenegro	1,034,265	251,180	2,654	4,333	3,570	no data
Netherlands	21,107,399	8,610,372	22,992	1,298	1,400	no data
North Macedonia	1,659,878	349,923	9,960	4,472	5,836	no data
Norway	9,447,282	1,493,079	5,732	583	72	no data
Poland	27,922,598	6,671,340	120,618	3,081	2,972	5,335,719
Portugal	27,780,292	5,633,203	27,738	2,321	2,022	no data
Romania	17,519,846	3,503,553	68,601	3,461	3,287	no data
Russia	242,900,000	22,995,765	399,999	2,602	3,746	22,446,519
San Marino	109,538	25,292	126	3,375	1,896	23,160
Serbia	7,418,399	2,601,133	18,057	1,857	2,289	no data
Slovakia	5,184,086	1,869,657	21,167	3,681	2,504	no data
Slovenia	2,143,592	1,349,318	7,100	3,195	1,799	no data
Spain	66,213,858	13,980,340	121,852	2,289	1,867	no data
Sweden	15,268,363	2,734,805	24,513	1,860	912	no data
Switzerland	14,772,127	4,422,292	13,680	1,591	931	no data
Turkey	122,223,026	17,004,677	101,419	1,149	1,186	no data
Ukraine	16,956,514	5,520,483	109,918	2,513	2,217	no data
United Kingdom	418,708,539	24,812,582	232,112	2,614	1,268	no data
Vatican City	—	29	0	—	—	29
Total/average	1,898,102,976	163,877,845	1,776,085	2,141

Weekly diagnosed cases per million inhabitants of COVID-19 in major countries in Western Europe. Displayed on semi-log scale as 3 week average.
This shows the progression of the second phase of the outbreak from July/August.

Weekly Deaths per million inhabitants from COVID-19 in major countries in Western Europe. This shows the distinctly different pattern of deaths in Germany and Sweden.

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory § Cases and deaths

In late August, 88% of COVID-19 deaths in Europe were among people over age 65, according to a 30 August report from the WHO.

COVID-19 cases in Europe  ()
     Deaths        Recoveries        Active cases

2020202020212021

JanJanFebFebMarMarAprAprMayMayJunJunJulJulAugAugSepSepOctOctNovNovDecDec

JanJanFebFebMarMarAprAprMayMay

Last 15 daysLast 15 days

Date			# of cases	# of deaths
2020-01-27			4(n.a.)
2020-01-28			8(+100%)
2020-01-29			10(+25%)
2020-01-30			11(+10%)
2020-01-31			20(+82%)
2020-02-01			23(+15%)
2020-02-02			25(+8.7%)
2020-02-03			27(+8%)
2020-02-04			28(+3.7%)
2020-02-05			28(=)
2020-02-06			29(+3.6%)
2020-02-07			32(+10%)
2020-02-08			37(+16%)
2020-02-09			38(+2.7%)
2020-02-10			43(+13%)
2020-02-11			45(+4.7%)
2020-02-12			46(+2.2%)
2020-02-13			46(=)
2020-02-14			46(=)
2020-02-15			47(+2.2%)	1(n.a.)
2020-02-16			47(=)	1(=)
2020-02-17			47(=)	1(=)
2020-02-18			47(=)	1(=)
2020-02-19			47(=)	1(=)
2020-02-20			47(=)	1(=)
2020-02-21			64(+36%)	2(+100%)
2020-02-22			106(+66%)	3(+50%)
2020-02-23			199(+88%)	4(+33%)
2020-02-24			277(+39%)	8(+100%)
2020-02-25			382(+38%)	11(+38%)
2020-02-26			541(+42%)	14(+27%)
2020-02-27			805(+49%)	19(+36%)
2020-02-28			1,101(+37%)	23(+21%)
2020-02-29			1,466(+33%)	31(+35%)
2020-03-01			2,203(+50%)	36(+16%)
2020-03-02			2,730(+24%)	55(+53%)
2020-03-03			3,359(+23%)	85(+55%)
2020-03-04			4,340(+29%)	114(+34%)
2020-03-05			5,739(+32%)	160(+40%)
2020-03-06			7,514(+31%)	216(+35%)
2020-03-07			9,651(+28%)	259(+20%)
2020-03-08			12,197(+26%)	411(+59%)
2020-03-09			14,979(+23%)	522(+27%)
2020-03-10			18,494(+23%)	716(+37%)
2020-03-11			23,506(+27%)	959(+34%)
2020-03-12			24,851(+5.7%)	966(+0.73%)
2020-03-13			36,348(+46%)	1,516(+57%)
2020-03-14			46,501(+28%)	1,812(+20%)
2020-03-15			54,865(+18%)	2,295(+27%)
2020-03-16			65,656(+20%)	2,802(+22%)
2020-03-17			76,927(+17%)	3,392(+21%)
2020-03-18			90,513(+18%)	4,011(+18%)
2020-03-19			108,980(+20%)	4,876(+22%)
2020-03-20			129,618(+19%)	6,065(+24%)
2020-03-21			151,525(+17%)	7,497(+24%)
2020-03-22			170,433(+12%)	8,836(+18%)
2020-03-23			194,465(+14%)	10,263(+16%)
2020-03-24			220,645(+13%)	12,139(+18%)
2020-03-25			250,939(+14%)	14,236(+17%)
2020-03-26			286,339(+14%)	16,464(+16%)
2020-03-27			321,506(+12%)	18,833(+14%)
2020-03-28			358,633(+12%)	21,580(+15%)
2020-03-29			386,469(+7.8%)	24,051(+11%)
2020-03-30			422,714(+9.4%)	26,784(+11%)
2020-03-31			462,047(+9.3%)	30,204(+13%)
2020-04-01			501,236(+8.5%)	33,658(+11%)
2020-04-02			541,244(+8.0%)	38,459(+14%)
2020-04-03			579,564(+7.1%)	42,491(+10%)
2020-04-04			615,810(+6.3%)	46,545(+9.5%)
2020-04-05			649,701(+5.5%)	49,664(+6.7%)
2020-04-06			679,154(+4.5%)	52,973(+6.7%)
2020-04-07			712,107(+4.9%)	57,966(+9.4%)
2020-04-08			749,358(+5.2%)	61,811(+6.6%)
2020-04-09			786,264(+4.9%)	66,367(+7.4%)
2020-04-10			829,826(+5.5%)	70,915(+6.9%)
2020-04-11			867,006(+4.5%)	74,470(+5%)
2020-04-12			899,943(+3.8%)	77,851(+4.5%)
2020-04-13			927,621(+3.1%)	81,013(+4.1%)
2020-04-14			960,852(+3.6%)	84,724(+4.6%)
2020-04-15			994,391(+3.5%)	89,394(+5.5%)
2020-04-16			1,030,500(+3.6%)	93,570(+4.7%)
2020-04-17			1,065,012(+3.3%)	97,459(+4.2%)
2020-04-18			1,099,626(+3.3%)	101,078(+3.7%)
2020-04-19			1,132,826(+3%)	103,931(+2.8%)
2020-04-20			1,163,340(+2.7%)	106,466(+2.4%)
2020-04-21			1,194,863(+2.7%)	110,098(+3.4%)
2020-04-22			1,225,549(+2.6%)	113,486(+3.1%)
2020-04-23			1,254,649(+2.4%)	116,504(+2.7%)
2020-04-24			1,275,321(+1.6%)	119,842(+2.9%)
2020-04-25			1,303,974(+2.2%)	122,740(+2.4%)
2020-04-26			1,329,187(+1.9%)	124,600(+1.5%)
2020-04-27			1,351,924(+1.7%)	126,755(+1.7%)
2020-04-28			1,375,029(+1.7%)	129,239(+2%)
2020-04-29			1,401,006(+1.9%)	135,871(+5.1%)
2020-04-30			1,427,457(+1.9%)	138,269(+1.8%)
2020-05-01			1,455,189(+1.9%)	140,326(+1.5%)
2020-05-02			1,479,631(+1.7%)	142,135(+1.3%)
2020-05-03			1,506,199(+1.8%)	143,784(+1.2%)
2020-05-04			1,530,263(+1.6%)	145,522(+1.2%)
2020-05-05			1,555,165(+1.6%)	147,597(+1.4%)
2020-05-06			1,586,711(+2%)	150,193(+1.8%)
2020-05-07			1,615,829(+1.8%)	152,080(+1.3%)
2020-05-08			1,642,659(+1.7%)	154,137(+1.4%)
2020-05-09			1,665,991(+1.4%)	155,299(+0.75%)
2020-05-10			1,689,705(+1.4%)	156,493(+0.77%)
2020-05-11			1,714,993(+1.5%)	157,738(+0.8%)
2020-05-12			1,738,539(+1.4%)	159,620(+1.2%)
2020-05-13			1,759,901(+1.2%)	161,115(+0.94%)
2020-05-14			1,782,396(+1.3%)	162,793(+1%)
2020-05-15			1,805,712(+1.3%)	164,308(+0.93%)
2020-05-16			1,826,985(+1.2%)	165,658(+0.82%)
2020-05-17			1,846,704(+1.1%)	166,784(+0.68%)
2020-05-18			1,864,700(+0.97%)	167,650(+0.52%)
2020-05-19			1,883,325(+1%)	168,856(+0.72%)
2020-05-20			1,899,491(+0.86%)	169,871(+0.6%)
2020-05-21			1,917,867(+0.97%)	170,925(+0.62%)
2020-05-22			1,938,904(+1.1%)	172,474(+0.91%)
2020-05-23			1,957,316(+0.95%)	173,452(+0.57%)
2020-05-24			1,974,880(+0.9%)	174,073(+0.36%)
2020-05-25			1,990,094(+0.77%)	172,739(−0.77%)
2020-05-26			2,009,554(+0.98%)	173,850(+0.64%)
2020-05-27			2,025,815(+0.81%)	174,934(+0.62%)
2020-05-28			2,047,457(+1.1%)	175,906(+0.56%)
2020-05-29			2,065,761(+0.89%)	176,908(+0.57%)
2020-05-30			2,084,121(+0.89%)	177,703(+0.45%)
2020-05-31			2,100,581(+0.79%)	178,179(+0.27%)
2020-06-01			2,111,480(+0.52%)	178,389(+0.12%)
2020-06-02			2,130,499(+0.9%)	180,008(+0.91%)
2020-06-03			2,148,448(+0.84%)	180,935(+0.51%)
2020-06-04			2,166,200(+0.83%)	181,594(+0.36%)
2020-06-05			2,184,075(+0.83%)	182,479(+0.49%)
2020-06-06			2,201,763(+0.81%)	183,130(+0.36%)
2020-06-07			2,218,429(+0.76%)	183,522(+0.21%)
2020-06-08			2,234,346(+0.72%)	183,958(+0.24%)
2020-06-09			2,250,942(+0.74%)	184,792(+0.45%)
2020-06-10			2,266,676(+0.7%)	185,572(+0.42%)
2020-06-11			2,284,256(+0.78%)	186,118(+0.29%)
2020-06-12			2,302,933(+0.82%)	186,738(+0.33%)
2020-06-13			2,320,965(+0.78%)	187,275(+0.29%)
2020-06-14			2,338,318(+0.75%)	187,582(+0.16%)
2020-06-15			2,353,967(+0.67%)	187,939(+0.19%)
2020-06-16			2,370,724(+0.71%)	188,693(+0.4%)
2020-06-17			2,388,681(+0.76%)	189,423(+0.39%)
2020-06-18			2,406,292(+0.74%)	190,026(+0.32%)
2020-06-19			2,422,316(+0.67%)	191,743(+0.9%)
2020-06-20			2,438,171(+0.65%)	192,228(+0.25%)
2020-06-21			2,452,759(+0.6%)	192,490(+0.14%)
2020-06-22			2,470,479(+0.72%)	192,810(+0.17%)
2020-06-23			2,487,150(+0.67%)	193,526(+0.37%)
2020-06-24			2,503,307(+0.65%)	194,009(+0.25%)
2020-06-25			2,519,914(+0.66%)	194,452(+0.23%)
2020-06-26			2,536,204(+0.65%)	195,047(+0.31%)
2020-06-27			2,552,033(+0.62%)	195,477(+0.22%)
2020-06-28			2,565,494(+0.53%)	195,740(+0.13%)
2020-06-29			2,582,958(+0.68%)	196,069(+0.17%)
2020-06-30			2,597,425(+0.56%)	196,609(+0.28%)
2020-07-01			2,612,967(+0.6%)	197,201(+0.3%)
2020-07-02			2,628,067(+0.58%)	197,586(+0.2%)
2020-07-03			2,613,500(−0.55%)	198,198(+0.31%)
2020-07-04			2,626,669(+0.5%)	198,580(+0.19%)
2020-07-05			2,639,197(+0.48%)	198,854(+0.14%)
2020-07-06			2,655,867(+0.63%)	199,170(+0.16%)
2020-07-07			2,669,036(+0.5%)	199,760(+0.3%)
2020-07-08			2,684,001(+0.56%)	200,288(+0.26%)
2020-07-09			2,698,841(+0.55%)	200,746(+0.23%)
2020-07-10			2,714,637(+0.59%)	201,169(+0.21%)
2020-07-11			2,728,679(+0.52%)	201,660(+0.24%)
2020-07-12			2,741,585(+0.47%)	201,914(+0.13%)
2020-07-13			2,758,022(+0.6%)	202,180(+0.13%)
2020-07-14			2,771,605(+0.49%)	202,661(+0.24%)
2020-07-15			2,787,359(+0.57%)	203,159(+0.25%)
2020-07-16			2,803,113(+0.57%)	203,589(+0.21%)
2020-07-17			2,819,733(+0.59%)	204,050(+0.23%)
2020-07-18			2,834,508(+0.52%)	204,363(+0.15%)
2020-07-19			2,847,548(+0.46%)	204,589(+0.11%)
2020-07-20			2,864,817(+0.61%)	204,823(+0.11%)
2020-07-21			2,880,748(+0.56%)	205,258(+0.21%)
2020-07-22			2,898,528(+0.62%)	205,698(+0.21%)
2020-07-23			2,917,126(+0.64%)	206,090(+0.19%)
2020-07-24			2,935,264(+0.62%)	206,547(+0.22%)
2020-07-25			2,949,475(+0.48%)	206,885(+0.16%)
2020-07-26			2,963,550(+0.48%)	202,445(−2.1%)
2020-07-27			2,977,870(+0.48%)	202,674(+0.11%)
2020-07-28			3,002,466(+0.83%)	203,011(+0.17%)
2020-07-29			3,020,256(+0.59%)	203,425(+0.2%)
2020-07-30			3,040,846(+0.68%)	203,757(+0.16%)
2020-07-31			3,063,319(+0.74%)	204,154(+0.19%)
2020-08-01			3,078,282(+0.49%)	204,400(+0.12%)
2020-08-02			3,092,739(+0.47%)	204,648(+0.12%)
2020-08-03			3,115,449(+0.73%)	204,878(+0.11%)
2020-08-04			3,138,862(+0.75%)	205,323(+0.22%)
2020-08-05			3,156,747(+0.57%)	205,688(+0.18%)
2020-08-06			3,182,883(+0.83%)	206,030(+0.17%)
2020-08-07			3,209,248(+0.83%)	206,370(+0.17%)
2020-08-08			3,225,109(+0.49%)	206,666(+0.14%)
2020-08-09			3,239,497(+0.45%)	206,874(+0.1%)
2020-08-10			3,268,865(+0.91%)	207,221(+0.17%)
2020-08-11			3,287,140(+0.56%)	207,558(+0.16%)
2020-08-12			3,313,751(+0.81%)	207,917(+0.17%)
2020-08-13			3,338,986(+0.76%)	208,330(+0.2%)
2020-08-14			3,367,976(+0.87%)	208,689(+0.17%)
2020-08-15			3,391,697(+0.7%)	209,157(+0.22%)
2020-08-16			3,407,029(+0.45%)	209,371(+0.1%)
2020-08-17			3,441,579(+1%)	209,634(+0.13%)
2020-08-18			3,464,111(+0.65%)	209,978(+0.16%)
2020-08-19			3,489,057(+0.72%)	210,439(+0.22%)
2020-08-20			3,515,608(+0.76%)	210,782(+0.16%)
2020-08-21			3,559,563(+1.3%)	211,218(+0.21%)
2020-08-22			3,573,804(+0.4%)	211,425(+0.1%)
2020-08-23			3,599,059(+0.71%)	211,785(+0.17%)
2020-08-24			3,642,767(+1.2%)	212,052(+0.13%)
2020-08-25			3,670,364(+0.76%)	212,475(+0.2%)
2020-08-26			3,702,616(+0.88%)	212,766(+0.14%)
2020-08-27			3,735,680(+0.89%)	213,166(+0.19%)
2020-08-28			3,773,176(+1%)	213,533(+0.17%)
2020-08-29			3,791,345(+0.48%)	213,847(+0.15%)
2020-08-30			3,820,332(+0.76%)	214,085(+0.11%)
2020-08-31			3,864,980(+1.2%)	214,458(+0.17%)
2020-09-01			3,894,412(+0.76%)	214,948(+0.23%)
2020-09-02			3,931,322(+0.95%)	215,393(+0.21%)
2020-09-03			3,969,364(+0.97%)	215,826(+0.2%)
2020-09-04			4,012,412(+1.1%)	216,350(+0.24%)
2020-09-05			4,043,698(+0.78%)	216,733(+0.18%)
2020-09-06			4,071,958(+0.7%)	216,988(+0.12%)
2020-09-07			4,124,287(+1.3%)	217,377(+0.18%)
2020-09-08			4,162,432(+0.92%)	217,884(+0.23%)
2020-09-09			4,204,995(+1%)	218,349(+0.21%)
2020-09-10			4,251,547(+1.1%)	218,820(+0.22%)
2020-09-11			4,302,034(+1.2%)	219,279(+0.21%)
2020-09-12			4,340,491(+0.89%)	219,651(+0.17%)
2020-09-13			4,372,617(+0.74%)	219,960(+0.14%)
2020-09-14			4,429,574(+1.3%)	220,392(+0.2%)
2020-09-15			4,475,087(+1%)	221,088(+0.32%)
2020-09-16			4,526,342(+1.1%)	221,843(+0.34%)
2020-09-17			4,581,814(+1.2%)	222,516(+0.3%)
2020-09-18			4,645,063(+1.4%)	223,236(+0.32%)
2020-09-19			4,691,757(+1%)	223,699(+0.21%)
2020-09-20			4,731,528(+0.85%)	224,042(+0.15%)
2020-09-21			4,799,510(+1.4%)	224,596(+0.25%)
2020-09-22			4,852,930(+1.1%)	225,467(+0.39%)
2020-09-23			4,915,927(+1.3%)	226,166(+0.31%)
2020-09-24			4,982,562(+1.4%)	226,853(+0.3%)
2020-09-25			5,053,940(+1.4%)	227,607(+0.33%)
2020-09-26			5,108,764(+1.1%)	228,243(+0.28%)
2020-09-27			5,154,882(+0.9%)	228,632(+0.17%)
2020-09-28			5,221,543(+1.3%)	229,241(+0.27%)
2020-09-29			5,274,006(+1%)	229,970(+0.32%)
2020-09-30			5,352,797(+1.5%)	231,016(+0.45%)
2020-10-01			5,424,240(+1.3%)	231,852(+0.36%)
2020-10-02			5,501,014(+1.4%)	232,733(+0.38%)
2020-10-03			5,575,396(+1.4%)	233,382(+0.28%)
2020-10-04			5,629,274(+0.97%)	233,860(+0.2%)
2020-10-05			5,731,882(+1.8%)	234,548(+0.29%)
2020-10-06			5,820,298(+1.5%)	235,645(+0.47%)
2020-10-07			5,918,833(+1.7%)	236,608(+0.41%)
2020-10-08			6,033,431(+1.9%)	237,710(+0.47%)
2020-10-09			6,150,852(+1.9%)	238,811(+0.46%)
2020-10-10			6,262,129(+1.8%)	239,640(+0.35%)
2020-10-11			6,355,373(+1.5%)	240,338(+0.29%)
2020-10-12			6,468,362(+1.8%)	241,250(+0.38%)
2020-10-13			6,576,135(+1.7%)	242,473(+0.51%)
2020-10-14			6,718,625(+2.2%)	243,866(+0.57%)
2020-10-15			6,875,327(+2.3%)	245,204(+0.55%)
2020-10-16			7,033,265(+2.3%)	246,730(+0.62%)
2020-10-17			7,180,020(+2.1%)	247,906(+0.48%)
2020-10-18			7,319,469(+1.9%)	248,852(+0.38%)
2020-10-19			7,482,878(+2.2%)	250,147(+0.52%)
2020-10-20			7,641,573(+2.1%)	252,010(+0.74%)
2020-10-21			7,838,088(+2.6%)	253,703(+0.67%)
2020-10-22			8,057,689(+2.8%)	255,585(+0.74%)
2020-10-23			8,293,581(+2.9%)	257,636(+0.8%)
2020-10-24			8,504,378(+2.5%)	259,338(+0.66%)
2020-10-25			8,708,875(+2.4%)	260,716(+0.53%)
2020-10-26			8,947,904(+2.7%)	262,560(+0.71%)
2020-10-27			9,177,843(+2.6%)	265,429(+1.1%)
2020-10-28			9,431,247(+2.8%)	267,989(+0.96%)
2020-10-29			9,715,150(+3%)	270,653(+0.99%)
2020-10-30			10,020,353(+3.1%)	273,737(+1.1%)
2020-10-31			10,260,174(+2.4%)	276,272(+0.93%)
2020-11-01			10,487,891(+2.2%)	278,248(+0.72%)
2020-11-02			10,774,558(+2.7%)	280,933(+0.96%)
2020-11-03			11,006,482(+2.2%)	284,912(+1.4%)
2020-11-04			11,319,526(+2.8%)	290,212(+1.9%)
2020-11-05			11,643,378(+2.9%)	293,694(+1.2%)
2020-11-06			11,970,927(+2.8%)	298,529(+1.6%)
2020-11-07			12,282,242(+2.6%)	301,763(+1.1%)
2020-11-08			12,506,719(+1.8%)	304,283(+0.84%)
2020-11-09			12,763,840(+2.1%)	307,795(+1.2%)
2020-11-10			13,000,536(+1.9%)	312,827(+1.6%)
2020-11-11			13,295,788(+2.3%)	318,192(+1.7%)
2020-11-12			13,595,981(+2.3%)	322,685(+1.4%)
2020-11-13			13,885,382(+2.1%)	327,510(+1.5%)
2020-11-14			14,134,976(+1.8%)	331,411(+1.2%)
2020-11-15			14,351,371(+1.5%)	334,445(+0.92%)
2020-11-16			14,578,418(+1.6%)	338,316(+1.2%)
2020-11-17			14,854,448(+1.9%)	344,295(+1.8%)
2020-11-18			15,117,085(+1.8%)	349,735(+1.6%)
2020-11-19			15,392,136(+1.8%)	354,734(+1.4%)
2020-11-20			15,665,634(+1.8%)	360,646(+1.7%)
2020-11-21			15,897,316(+1.5%)	364,720(+1.1%)
2020-11-22			16,087,357(+1.2%)	368,109(+0.93%)
2020-11-23			16,281,488(+1.2%)	372,331(+1.1%)
2020-11-24			16,512,773(+1.4%)	378,916(+1.8%)
2020-11-25			16,748,309(+1.4%)	384,597(+1.5%)
2020-11-26			17,022,020(+1.6%)	390,075(+1.4%)
2020-11-27			17,302,743(+1.6%)	396,346(+1.6%)
2020-11-28			17,525,892(+1.3%)	400,689(+1.1%)
2020-11-29			17,718,224(+1.1%)	404,084(+0.85%)
2020-11-30			17,910,211(+1.1%)	408,310(+1%)
2020-12-01			18,130,566(+1.2%)	414,738(+1.6%)
2020-12-02			18,368,980(+1.3%)	420,373(+1.4%)
2020-12-03			18,623,451(+1.4%)	426,038(+1.3%)
2020-12-04			18,884,077(+1.4%)	431,973(+1.4%)
2020-12-05			19,109,466(+1.2%)	436,394(+1%)
2020-12-06			19,305,295(+1%)	439,790(+0.78%)
2020-12-07			19,497,629(+1%)	443,757(+0.9%)
2020-12-08			19,717,451(+1.1%)	449,640(+1.3%)
2020-12-09			19,960,515(+1.2%)	454,995(+1.2%)
2020-12-10			20,225,306(+1.3%)	460,740(+1.3%)
2020-12-11			20,461,038(+1.2%)	466,485(+1.2%)
2020-12-12			21,513,915(+5.1%)	471,372(+1%)
2020-12-13			21,713,785(+0.93%)	474,650(+0.7%)
2020-12-14			21,912,747(+0.92%)	478,794(+0.87%)
2020-12-15			22,146,774(+1.1%)	485,433(+1.4%)
2020-12-16			22,414,759(+1.2%)	491,496(+1.2%)
2020-12-17			22,697,378(+1.3%)	497,236(+1.2%)
2020-12-18			22,967,134(+1.2%)	503,169(+1.2%)
2020-12-19			23,193,684(+0.99%)	507,836(+0.93%)
2020-12-20			23,396,143(+0.87%)	511,058(+0.63%)
2020-12-21			23,601,606(+0.88%)	515,351(+0.84%)
2020-12-22			23,844,166(+1%)	521,864(+1.3%)
2020-12-23			24,108,356(+1.1%)	527,713(+1.1%)
2020-12-24			24,377,883(+1.1%)	532,612(+0.93%)
2020-12-25			24,590,354(+0.87%)	536,393(+0.71%)
2020-12-26			24,746,180(+0.63%)	539,347(+0.55%)
2020-12-27			24,895,749(+0.6%)	542,456(+0.58%)
2020-12-28			25,082,486(+0.75%)	546,848(+0.81%)
2020-12-29			25,340,231(+1%)	553,532(+1.2%)
2020-12-30			25,633,266(+1.2%)	560,181(+1.2%)
2020-12-31			25,923,291(+1.1%)	565,559(+0.96%)
2021-01-01			26,158,553(+0.91%)	569,646(+0.72%)
2021-01-02			26,330,483(+0.66%)	572,644(+0.53%)
2021-01-03			26,508,490(+0.68%)	575,739(+0.54%)
2021-01-04			26,724,767(+0.82%)	580,398(+0.81%)
2021-01-05			27,013,356(+1.1%)	587,288(+1.2%)
2021-01-06			27,295,096(+1%)	593,051(+0.98%)
2021-01-07			27,612,462(+1.2%)	598,845(+0.98%)
2021-01-08			27,905,608(+1.1%)	605,169(+1.1%)
2021-01-09			28,139,555(+0.84%)	609,717(+0.75%)
2021-01-10			28,345,649(+0.73%)	613,024(+0.54%)
2021-01-11			28,568,473(+0.79%)	617,384(+0.71%)
2021-01-12			28,803,590(+0.82%)	624,503(+1.2%)
2021-01-13			29,074,418(+0.94%)	631,091(+1.1%)
2021-01-14			29,340,749(+0.92%)	637,381(+1%)
2021-01-15			29,605,704(+0.9%)	643,694(+0.99%)
2021-01-16			29,799,044(+0.65%)	648,564(+0.76%)
2021-01-17			29,961,772(+0.55%)	651,757(+0.49%)
2021-01-18			30,177,294(+0.72%)	656,223(+0.69%)
2021-01-19			30,385,603(+0.69%)	663,662(+1.1%)
2021-01-20			30,630,707(+0.81%)	670,819(+1.1%)
2021-01-21			30,873,015(+0.79%)	676,946(+0.91%)
2021-01-22			31,108,992(+0.76%)	683,402(+0.95%)
2021-01-23			31,284,380(+0.56%)	688,283(+0.71%)
2021-01-24			31,428,831(+0.46%)	691,340(+0.44%)
2021-01-25			31,629,989(+0.64%)	695,991(+0.67%)
2021-01-26			31,815,510(+0.59%)	703,188(+1%)
2021-01-27			32,038,270(+0.7%)	709,946(+0.96%)
2021-01-28			32,256,545(+0.68%)	715,939(+0.84%)
2021-01-29			32,466,233(+0.65%)	722,231(+0.88%)
2021-01-30			32,622,002(+0.48%)	726,723(+0.62%)
2021-01-31			32,751,428(+0.4%)	729,667(+0.41%)
2021-02-01			32,930,926(+0.55%)	734,066(+0.6%)
2021-02-02			33,097,473(+0.51%)	740,906(+0.93%)
2021-02-03			33,290,676(+0.58%)	747,029(+0.83%)
2021-02-04			33,481,599(+0.57%)	752,465(+0.73%)
2021-02-05			33,662,663(+0.54%)	758,155(+0.76%)
2021-02-06			33,801,847(+0.41%)	761,889(+0.49%)
2021-02-07			33,918,379(+0.34%)	764,403(+0.33%)
2021-02-08			34,052,264(+0.39%)	768,362(+0.52%)
2021-02-09			34,188,894(+0.4%)	774,464(+0.79%)
2021-02-10			34,352,873(+0.48%)	779,815(+0.69%)
2021-02-11			34,514,521(+0.47%)	784,615(+0.62%)
2021-02-12			34,669,907(+0.45%)	789,386(+0.61%)
2021-02-13			34,798,798(+0.37%)	792,635(+0.41%)
2021-02-14			34,897,757(+0.28%)	794,662(+0.26%)
2021-02-15			35,011,518(+0.33%)	798,226(+0.45%)
2021-02-16			35,139,591(+0.37%)	802,994(+0.6%)
2021-02-17			35,295,558(+0.44%)	807,450(+0.55%)
2021-02-18			35,457,605(+0.46%)	811,432(+0.49%)
2021-02-19			35,618,631(+0.45%)	815,653(+0.52%)
2021-02-20			35,756,997(+0.39%)	818,361(+0.33%)
2021-02-21			35,876,365(+0.33%)	820,290(+0.24%)
2021-02-22			35,987,143(+0.31%)	823,156(+0.35%)
2021-02-23			36,129,767(+0.4%)	827,403(+0.52%)
2021-02-24			36,310,345(+0.5%)	831,206(+0.46%)
2021-02-25			36,488,822(+0.49%)	834,666(+0.42%)
2021-02-26			36,664,715(+0.48%)	838,353(+0.44%)
2021-02-27			36,819,426(+0.42%)	841,046(+0.32%)
2021-02-28			36,948,091(+0.35%)	842,912(+0.22%)
2021-03-01			37,057,455(+0.3%)	845,597(+0.32%)
2021-03-02			37,216,484(+0.43%)	849,529(+0.46%)
2021-03-03			37,324,295(+0.29%)	853,609(+0.48%)
2021-03-04			37,510,530(+0.5%)	856,944(+0.39%)
2021-03-05			37,696,198(+0.49%)	860,826(+0.45%)
2021-03-06			37,864,631(+0.45%)	863,380(+0.3%)
2021-03-07			38,005,557(+0.37%)	865,215(+0.21%)
2021-03-08			38,118,074(+0.3%)	867,910(+0.31%)
2021-03-09			38,282,418(+0.43%)	871,476(+0.41%)
2021-03-10			38,488,574(+0.54%)	875,266(+0.43%)
2021-03-11			38,694,213(+0.53%)	878,760(+0.4%)
2021-03-12			38,895,300(+0.52%)	882,178(+0.39%)
2021-03-13			39,095,193(+0.51%)	884,987(+0.32%)
2021-03-14			39,257,544(+0.42%)	886,969(+0.22%)
2021-03-15			39,392,537(+0.34%)	889,718(+0.31%)
2021-03-16			39,585,561(+0.49%)	893,641(+0.44%)
2021-03-17			39,820,367(+0.59%)	897,353(+0.42%)
2021-03-18			40,060,992(+0.6%)	900,786(+0.38%)
2021-03-19			40,294,646(+0.58%)	904,171(+0.38%)
2021-03-20			40,518,630(+0.56%)	907,147(+0.33%)
2021-03-21			40,702,193(+0.45%)	909,210(+0.23%)
2021-03-22			40,868,604(+0.41%)	912,583(+0.37%)
2021-03-23			41,063,875(+0.48%)	916,709(+0.45%)
2021-03-24			41,359,827(+0.72%)	920,584(+0.42%)
2021-03-25			41,639,646(+0.68%)	924,834(+0.46%)
2021-03-26			41,906,030(+0.64%)	929,508(+0.51%)
2021-03-27			42,156,543(+0.6%)	932,608(+0.33%)
2021-03-28			42,360,677(+0.48%)	934,806(+0.24%)
2021-03-29			42,530,593(+0.4%)	937,773(+0.32%)
2021-03-30			42,759,993(+0.54%)	941,926(+0.44%)
2021-03-31			43,053,979(+0.69%)	946,133(+0.45%)
2021-04-01			43,344,957(+0.68%)	950,205(+0.43%)
2021-04-02			43,606,288(+0.6%)	953,998(+0.4%)
2021-04-03			43,828,437(+0.51%)	957,428(+0.36%)
2021-04-04			44,057,733(+0.52%)	959,902(+0.26%)
2021-04-05			44,204,351(+0.33%)	962,528(+0.27%)
2021-04-06			44,391,359(+0.42%)	966,316(+0.39%)
2021-04-07			44,604,822(+0.48%)	971,143(+0.5%)
2021-04-08			44,933,850(+0.74%)	975,886(+0.49%)
2021-04-09			45,200,120(+0.59%)	980,538(+0.48%)
2021-04-10			45,294,248(+0.21%)	981,598(+0.11%)
2021-04-11			45,644,145(+0.77%)	986,728(+0.52%)
2021-04-12			45,824,301(+0.39%)	990,053(+0.34%)
2021-04-13			46,065,229(+0.53%)	994,422(+0.44%)
2021-04-14			46,337,508(+0.59%)	999,051(+0.47%)
2021-04-15			46,601,195(+0.57%)	1,003,217(+0.42%)
2021-04-16			46,859,386(+0.55%)	1,007,258(+0.4%)
2021-04-17			47,080,052(+0.47%)	1,010,609(+0.33%)
2021-04-18			47,261,389(+0.39%)	1,013,092(+0.25%)
2021-04-19			47,422,592(+0.34%)	1,016,374(+0.32%)
2021-04-20			47,651,891(+0.48%)	1,020,596(+0.42%)
2021-04-21			47,903,809(+0.53%)	1,024,925(+0.42%)
2021-04-22			48,147,903(+0.51%)	1,029,004(+0.4%)
2021-04-23			48,369,430(+0.46%)	1,032,873(+0.38%)
2021-04-24			48,548,257(+0.37%)	1,036,153(+0.32%)
2021-04-25			48,694,436(+0.3%)	1,038,435(+0.22%)
2021-04-26			48,829,317(+0.28%)	1,041,428(+0.29%)
2021-04-27			49,014,866(+0.38%)	1,045,402(+0.38%)
2021-04-28			49,214,364(+0.41%)	1,049,237(+0.37%)
2021-04-29			49,405,855(+0.39%)	1,052,844(+0.34%)
2021-04-30			49,575,514(+0.34%)	1,056,229(+0.32%)
2021-05-01			49,717,539(+0.29%)	1,059,038(+0.27%)
2021-05-02			49,814,825(+0.2%)	1,060,896(+0.18%)
2021-05-03			49,920,687(+0.21%)	1,063,410(+0.24%)
2021-05-04			50,060,266(+0.28%)	1,066,170(+0.26%)
2021-05-05			50,207,614(+0.29%)	1,069,290(+0.29%)
2021-05-06			50,358,742(+0.3%)	1,072,667(+0.32%)
2021-05-07			50,497,364(+0.28%)	1,075,624(+0.28%)
2021-05-08			50,612,505(+0.23%)	1,078,241(+0.24%)
2021-05-09			50,699,577(+0.17%)	1,079,980(+0.16%)
2021-05-10			50,782,105(+0.16%)	1,082,187(+0.2%)
2021-05-11			50,894,036(+0.22%)	1,084,994(+0.26%)
2021-05-12			51,015,609(+0.24%)	1,087,792(+0.26%)
2021-05-13			51,119,614(+0.2%)	1,090,242(+0.23%)
2021-05-14			51,221,351(+0.2%)	1,092,628(+0.22%)
2021-05-15			51,303,508(+0.16%)	1,094,637(+0.18%)
2021-05-16			51,374,361(+0.14%)	1,096,031(+0.13%)
2021-05-17			51,080,843(−0.57%)	1,097,771(+0.16%)
Sources: Real-time map by Berliner Morgenpost. Last updated: 8.5.2021, 17:29 UTC. Note that due to different release times throughout the day, the shown steps do not always correspond to 24 hours. Notes:

Cumulative number of deaths per million inhabitants for a selection of European countries, over time. The legend is sorted in descending order of these values. Logarithmic vertical axis. Data source: ECDC.

Pandemic by country and territory

Albania

This section is an excerpt from COVID-19 pandemic in Albania.[edit]

The COVID-19 pandemic in Albania was a part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The first case in the Republic of Albania was reported in Tirana on 8 March 2020, when a patient and his adult son who had come from Florence, Italy tested positive. Both men later recovered.

On 21 December 2020, health minister Ogerta Manastirliu announced that the country has decided to suspend flights to and from the UK until 6 January 2021 because of what was then a new COVID-19 mutation that transmits more quickly than other variants. All passengers arriving from the UK by land had to self-isolate for 14 days upon entry. The flight suspension took effect on Tuesday, 22 December.

As of 4 February 2023, 3,058,102 COVID-19 vaccine doses have been administered in Albania.

Andorra

This section is an excerpt from COVID-19 pandemic in Andorra.[edit]

The COVID-19 pandemic in Andorra was a part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was confirmed to have reached Andorra on 2 March 2020, when a 20-year-old man returned to the country from Milan, Italy. With a total population of 77,543, (as of 31 December 2019) on 7 December 2020, the infection rate was 1 case per 11 inhabitants, and the death rate was 1 case per 994 inhabitants.

Austria

This section is an excerpt from COVID-19 pandemic in Austria.[edit]

The COVID-19 pandemic in Austria was a part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In Austria, a pair of cases were confirmed on 25 February 2020. The cases involved a 24-year-old man and a 24-year-old woman who were travelling from Lombardy, Italy, and were treated at a hospital in Innsbruck. According to new figures released by Austrian authorities on 23 June, the first case in the country was recorded in Ischgl, Tyrol on 8 February.

As of 4 February 2023, a total of 20,369,447 vaccine doses have been administered.

Belarus

This section is an excerpt from COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus.[edit]

The COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus was a part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was confirmed to have spread to Belarus, when the first case of COVID-19 in the country was registered in Minsk on 28 February 2020. As of 29 January 2023, a total of 19,047,714 vaccine doses have been administered.

Belgium

This section is an excerpt from COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium.[edit]

Map of Belgium and its provinces with the spread of COVID-19 as of 9 July 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium has resulted in 4,892,342 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 34,339 deaths.

The virus was confirmed to have spread to Belgium on 4 February 2020, when one of a group of nine Belgians repatriated from Wuhan to Brussels was reported to have tested positive for the coronavirus. Transmission within Belgium was confirmed in early March; authorities linked this to holidaymakers returning from Northern Italy at the end of the half-term holidays. The epidemic increased rapidly in March–April 2020. By the end of March all 10 provinces of the country had registered cases.

By March 2021, Belgium had the third highest number of COVID-19 deaths per head of population in the world, according to data compiled by Johns Hopkins University. However, Belgium may have been over-reporting the number of cases, with health officials reporting that suspected cases were being reported along with confirmed cases. Unlike some countries that publish figures based primarily on confirmed hospital deaths, the death figures reported by the Belgian authorities included deaths in the community, such as in care homes, confirmed to have been caused by the virus, as well as a much larger number of such deaths suspected to have been caused by the virus, even if the person was not tested.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

This section is an excerpt from COVID-19 pandemic in Bosnia and Herzegovina.[edit]

The COVID-19 pandemic in Bosnia and Herzegovina was a part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was confirmed to have reached Bosnia and Herzegovina on 5 March 2020, when a patient in Banja Luka, who had travelled to Italy, tested positive. Later on the same day, a second case, who was the son of the first case, was reported. On 21 March, the first death in the country from COVID-19 was announced in a hospital in Bihać. The patient was an elderly woman who had been hospitalized two days before.

On 17 March, the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina declared a state of emergency in the entire country.

Bosnia and Herzegovina has one of the highest rates of COVID-19 deaths in the world as well as one of the lowest test rates in Europe.

As of 28 January 2022, 1,924,950 COVID-19 vaccine doses have been administered in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Bulgaria

This section is an excerpt from COVID-19 pandemic in Bulgaria.[edit]

The COVID-19 pandemic in Bulgaria was a part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was confirmed to have spread to Bulgaria when the country's first cases, a 27-year-old man from Pleven and a 75-year-old woman from Gabrovo, were confirmed on 8 March 2020. Neither of the two had traveled to areas with known coronavirus cases which is maybe because the PCR test that was used is defective. The man tested positive for the virus after being hospitalized for a respiratory infection, and authorities announced plans to test several people who were in contact with the two individuals. Two other samples in Pleven and Gabrovo were positive on 8 March. Patient zero remains unknown.

After the number of patients in the country had reached 23, the Bulgarian Parliament voted unanimously to declare a state of emergency from 13 March until 13 April. A 14-day preventive house quarantine was introduced for citizens who have been in contact with a COVID-19 patient or have returned from an overseas region with a high number of cases. For patients tested positive for the virus a 21-day house quarantine was introduced. This time span is counted from the day a subsequent test comes out negative after they have been treated in a hospital or at home. After the World Health Organization (WHO) has established that COVID-19 is more resilient than the initial data was showing, the National Crisis-management Staff increased the recovery house quarantine by a week to 28 days. With the continuing increase of COVID-19 cases on a daily basis, the Bulgarian government requested on 1 April that Parliament extend the state of emergency by one month until 13 May.

As of 5 February 2023, a total of 4,612,386 vaccine doses have been administered.

Croatia

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia

On 25 February, Croatia confirmed its first case, a 26-year-old man who had been in Milan, Italy. On 26 February, two new cases were confirmed, one being the twin brother of the first. In March 2020, a cluster of cases were reported in numerous Croatian cities. On 12 March, the first recovery was reported, and on 18 March the first death from the virus was confirmed. On 19 March, the number of recorded cases surpassed 100. On 21 March, it surpassed 200. On 25 March, it surpassed 400. On 31 March, it surpassed 800. The pandemic in Croatia occurred during the Croatian Presidency of the Council of the European Union.

On 22 March, an intense earthquake hit Zagreb, the capital of Croatia, causing problems in enforcement of social distancing measures set out by the Government. The earthquake could also be felt across much of Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Hungary, Slovenia, and Austria.

According to Oxford University, as of 24 March, Croatia is the country with the world's strictest restrictions and measures for infection reduction in relation to the number of infected. The government set up a website for all information about the virus and a new phone line 113 that has volunteers answering questions.

Cyprus

Main articles: COVID-19 pandemic in Cyprus and Northern Cyprus

On 9 March, Cyprus confirmed its first two cases, one in Nicosia and one in Limassol.

Cases reached 500 in April, 1,000 in July, 4,000 in October and 10,000 in November.

Czech Republic

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic

It is forbidden to enter the front section of buses of the Brno Public Transport during the pandemic (14 March 2020)

The first case was reported in the country on 1 March. As of 22 March there had been 1120 confirmed cases, with one lethal outcome.

On 12 March, the Czech Republic declared a 30-day state of emergency and barred entry to non-residents from China, South Korea, Iran, Italy, Spain, Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, UK, Norway, Denmark and France.

The Czech Republic banned people from going out in public without wearing a face mask or covering their nose and mouth.

Denmark

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark

For Greenland, see COVID-19 pandemic in Greenland.

For Faroe Islands, see COVID-19 pandemic in the Faroe Islands.

On 27 February, Denmark confirmed its first case.

As of 16 March, there have been 898 confirmed cases in Denmark, including 11 in the Faroe Islands (see below).

Numerous preventive measures gradually were implemented. Starting on 13 March, schools, universities and similar places were closed, while most people in non-essential functions have been sent home to work. On 14 March, the borders were closed for all entries, except Danish citizens, people with a residence permit, people with an important reason for visiting, and transport of goods.

Estonia

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Estonia

On 27 February, Estonia confirmed its first case, an Iranian citizen, travelling from Iran via Turkey.

As of 11 March, there were 17 confirmed cases in Estonia. 12 of them had returned with the infection from Northern Italy, one from France, one from Iran and one from undisclosed risk area. First two cases of virus transmitting locally were in Saaremaa after international volleyball competition involving a team from Milan.

From 12 March, the virus was spreading locally. The number of infected grew fast reaching 109 on 14 March.

Finland

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Finland

The first case was reported in the country on 28 January. As of 21 July there were over 7,000 confirmed cases.As of December 9 (2020) the confirmed cases in Finland are 28,732 over the entire period. A total of 433 deaths associated with the disease have been reported until now.

France

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in France

Empty supermarket shelves in Annonay, France, on 14 March 2020.

On 24 January, the first case in Europe was confirmed in Bordeaux. Two more cases were confirmed in Paris by the end of the day, all of them originated from China. A cluster of infections was discovered in Haute-Savoie which originated from a British national who had visited Singapore.

From 31 January to 9 February, nearly 550 people were repatriated from Wuhan on a series of evacuation flights arriving at Creil Air Base in Oise and Istres-Le Tubé Air Base in Istres.

On 14 February, an 80-year-old Chinese tourist died in Bichat–Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, marking the first death from COVID-19 in Europe and France.

According to regional council president Jean Rottner, the starting point for the first intense wave in Alsace was the Fasting Meeting of the Protestant Free Church of La Porte Ouverte in Mulhouse, with more than 2500 visitors, in mid-February. On 12 March, French president Emmanuel Macron announced on public television that all schools and all universities would close from Monday 16 March until further notice. The next day, the Prime Minister Édouard Philippe banned gatherings of more than 100 people, not including public transportation. The following day, the prime minister ordered the closure of all nonessential public places, including restaurants, cafés, cinemas, and discothèques, effective at midnight.

As of 14 March, there had been 4,499 confirmed cases (a near-four-fold increase over the number 5 days previously), and 91 deaths in France.

As of 20 March, the number of confirmed cases had risen to 12,612, while the number of deaths reached 450. As of 30 March, more than six hundred doctors and other medical workers are suing the former Minister of Health and the Prime Minister for "culpable negligence" in failing to prepare for the epidemic.

Until 1 April, the daily update of the number of deaths in France included only deaths in hospitals, with deaths in retirement homes or at home not included in the update. Deaths in retirement homes were included in the reported figures from 2 April, causing totals to increase substantially.

On 4 May, retroactive testing of samples in one French hospital showed a patient "who had COVID-19 as early as Dec. 27, nearly a month before the French government confirmed its first cases." According to the researchers who reported the discovery, this indicates that the virus was present in the population well before the first confirmed cases, a finding also echoed by US researchers. In July 2020, Prime Minister of France Jean Castex, announced that health care pay workers will see $9 billion in pay raises, as a result of their efforts during the corornavirus pandemic.

Germany

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Germany

In Germany, the first case of COVID-19 was recorded in the state of Bavaria on 27 January 2020. Daily case numbers began to decrease after 8 April. As of 19 April 2020, 145,742 cases have been reported with 4,642 deaths and approximately 81,800 recoveries. That makes Germany the world's 4th and Europe's 3rd worst-hit country in terms of total cases. The coronavirus mortality rate is, however, reported comparatively lesser at 1.3%, ranking 8th in the world and 5th in Europe in the total number of deaths. The low preliminary fatality rate in Germany, compared to Italy and Spain, has resulted in a discussion and explanations that cite among others the country's higher number of tests performed, absence of COVID-19 analyses in autopsies and higher proportion of positive cases among younger people. Hessian state finance minister Thomas Schäfer committed suicide on 28 March 2020. State Premier Volker Bouffier said that Schäfer had had considerable worries in particular over the economic burden that the COVID-19 pandemic would place on the population.

On 2 November 2020, data released by Robert Koch Institute (RKI) showed the confirmed coronavirus cases in Germany increased by 12,097 to 545,027.

Gibraltar

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Gibraltar

First case was identified on 4 March 2020, only 187 cases to the end of July then increases with 100 added in August and the same in September. A contact App “BEAT Covid Gibraltar” was released on 18 June.

Greece

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Greece

On 26 February, the first case in Greece was confirmed, a 38-year-old woman from Thessaloniki who had recently visited Northern Italy. The next day, the first patient's 9-year-old child and another 40-year-old woman, who had travelled to Italy, also tested positive. Subsequent cases is Greece were mainly related to people who had travelled to Italy and a group of pilgrims who had travelled to Israel and Egypt, as well as their contacts. Health and state authorities issued precautionary guidelines and recommendations, while measures up to that point were taken locally and included the closure of schools and the suspension of cultural events in the affected areas (particularly Ilia, Achaea and Zakynthos). The first confirmed death from COVID-19 in Greece was a 66-year-old man, who died on 12 March.

By 27 July there were 4,227 confirmed cases in Greece, some of which detected among tourists arriving to the country from mid-June onwards, 202 deaths and 3,562 recoveries. The Greek National Public Health Organization (NPHO), in collaboration with local authorities and doctors, is tracking and testing everyone who came in close contact with the patients. By 10 March, with 89 confirmed cases and no deaths in the country, the government decided to suspend the operation of educational institutions of all levels nationwide and then, on 13 March, to close down all cafes, bars, museums, shopping centres, sports facilities and restaurants in the country. On 16 March, all retail shops were also closed and all services in all areas of religious worship of any religion or dogma were suspended. On 18 and 19 March, the government announced a series of measures of more than 10 billion euros to support the economy, businesses and employees.

On 22 March the Greek authorities announced significant restrictions on all nonessential transport and movement across the country, starting from 6 a.m. on 23 March. Starting from 4 May, Greece has begun easing its lockdown restrictions after a 42-day lockdown, with the gradual lifting of movement restrictions and restart of business activity.

Guernsey

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Guernsey

On 9 March, the first case in the Crown dependency was confirmed. On 27 May it was announced that there were no known active cases in the Bailiwick. There were no active cases for 129 days before an arrival from the UK tested positive on 6 September.

Hungary

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Hungary

On 4 March Prime Minister Viktor Orbán announced that two Iranian students had been infected with the virus. The students are asymptomatic and have been transported to Saint Ladislaus Hospital in Budapest.

Iceland

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Iceland

The first case was confirmed in Iceland on 28 February, an Icelandic male in his forties who had been on a ski trip to Andalo in Northern Italy and returned home on 22 February.

Iceland's Department of Civil Protection and Emergency Management declared a state of emergency on 6 March after two cases of community transmission in Iceland were confirmed, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 43. On 13 March, it was announced at an official press conference that a four-week ban on public gatherings of more than 100 persons would be put into effect as of Monday 16 March. Universities and secondary schools will be closed for four weeks. International airports and harbours will remain exempt from these measures.

Ireland

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland

COVID-19 14-day rate per 100k population in Ireland by county (28 Dec)

The National Public Health Emergency Team of Ireland announced the first case in the Republic of Ireland on 29 February, involving a male student from the east of the country, who had arrived there from Northern Italy. On 3 March, a second case was confirmed of a female in the east of the country who had been to Northern Italy. Response to the outbreak has included cancellation of St Patrick's Day parades and all festivals. On 11 March, an elderly patient in Naas General Hospital in County Kildare became Ireland's first fatality from the virus. On 12 March, Taoiseach Leo Varadkar announced the closure of all schools, colleges and childcare facilities. On 20 March, an emergency legislation was signed into law by President Michael D. Higgins giving the state permission to detain people, restrict travel and keep people in their homes to help combat the spread of the pandemic.

Cases reached 1,000 in March, 20,000 in April, 30,000 in September, 60,000 in October, 70,000 in November and 80,000 in December.

Lockdown

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns § Ireland

On 12 March, Taoiseach Leo Varadkar announced the closure of all schools, colleges and childcare facilities in Ireland until the end of August. On 27 March, Varadkar announced a national stay-at-home order. All non-essential shops and services, including all pubs, bars, hotels and nightclubs closed and all public and private gatherings of any number of people was banned.

On 1 May, Taoiseach Leo Varadkar announced a roadmap to easing restrictions in Ireland which began on 18 May, and was replaced by the government's Living with COVID-19 plan on 15 September. The plan includes five levels of restrictions to indicate what public health measures are in place in different areas of the country at any given time.

All non-essential businesses and services closed and all public and private gatherings of any number of people was banned again on 21 October following the Government's announcement to move the entire country to Level 5 lockdown restrictions for six weeks until 1 December. On 27 November, the Government of Ireland agreed to ease restrictions from 1 December.

On 15 December, Minister for Health Stephen Donnelly announced the Government's National COVID-19 Vaccination Strategy, which outlines the country's high-level plan for safe, effective and efficient vaccination of the Republic of Ireland, while safeguarding continued provision of health and social care services.

A third wave of COVID-19 arrived in Ireland on 21 December. The Government of Ireland acted swiftly and on 22 December, Level 5 lockdown restrictions (subject to a number of adjustments) were announced, which came into effect from 24 December (Christmas Eve) until 12 January 2021 at the earliest.

All non-essential businesses and services closed and all public and private gatherings of any number of people was banned again on 31 December (New Year's Eve) following the Government's announcement to move the entire country to full Level 5 lockdown restrictions from 30 December until 31 January 2021 at the earliest, in an attempt to get a third surge in cases of COVID-19 under control.

As of 30 December, the Department of Health have confirmed 90,157 confirmed cases and 2,226 deaths.

Italy

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Italy

Paramedics carrying a patient under biocontainment, in Cervia, Emilia-Romagna

On 31 January, the first two cases were confirmed in Rome. Two Chinese tourists, who arrived in Milan on 23 January via Milan Malpensa Airport and travelled to Rome on a tourist bus, tested positive for and were hospitalised in Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases.

On 6 February, one of the Italians repatriated from Wuhan, China, tested positive, bringing the total number of cases in Italy to three. On 22 February, the repatriated Italian recovered and was discharged from the hospital. On 22 and 26 February, the two Chinese tourists hospitalized in Rome tested negative.

On 21 February, a cluster of cases was detected starting with 16 confirmed cases in Lombardy, with additional 60 cases on 22 February, and Italy's first deaths reported on the same day. As of late February, Italy was hit harder than anywhere else in the EU by the COVID-19 outbreak.

As of 17 March 2020, there have been 2,503 deaths and 31,506 confirmed cases. By 15 May 2020, there had been 223,885 cases and 31,610 deaths, according to Protezione Civile bulletins.

On 3 June, Italy reopened its borders to EU residents and ended travel restrictions.

On 13 July, the Head of the ICU at a Bergamo hospital said that former patients treated for COVID-19 had developed serious long-term health issues.

Cases reached 100,000 in March, 200,000 in April, 300,000 in September, 600,000 in October and 1,600,000 in November.

Lockdown

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Italy

On 8 March, Italian prime minister Giuseppe Conte signed a decree enacting a quarantine for the entire region of Lombardy – home to more than 10 million people and the financial capital, Milan – and multiple other provinces, totalling around 16 million residents. The lockdown decree included the power to impose fines on anyone caught entering or leaving Lombardy, the worst-affected region, until 3 April.

On 9 March, the lockdown orders were extended to the whole of Italy, effectively quarantining more than 60 million people.

On 20 November 2020, according to high-frequency data, the lockdowns in France and Italy weighed down on public mobility more than in any other European country. France's official statistic agency INSEE found that the data collected by Google on the amount of time people spend at home is particularly closely correlated with the percentage of slow down experienced by an economy during the lockdown.

Jersey

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Jersey

The first case was recognised on 10 March which resulted within days in flights and ferries being cancelled except for essential travel and freight, thus isolating the island by the end of March. By 30 June there were no active cases although there have since been small numbers of cases brought into the island when lockdown was relaxed and travel permitted. On 14 October a contact App was launched. Community contracted cases caused numbers to rise from 600 to 1,000 in November resulting in another lockdown.

Kosovo

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Kosovo

The first two cases in Kosovo were reported on 13 March. In the ten-day period 13–23 March, the number of positive cases with coronavirus rose to 35. In midnight of 23 March 26 new cases were confirmed, bringing the total number of cases to 61. On 25 March, the government collapsed with a vote of no confidence in Prime Minister Albin Kurti.

Latvia

This section is an excerpt from COVID-19 pandemic in Latvia.[edit]

Confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Latvia by municipalities.-->

The COVID-19 pandemic in Latvia was a part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was confirmed to have reached Latvia on 2 March 2020, having been brought along with people returning from abroad.

The government declared a state of emergency on 13 March 2020 with a number of epidemiological safety measures and restrictions, primarily limiting gatherings, travel, most public venues, and educational institutions. As the new confirmed cases stayed in the low two-digit range per day, the emergency was periodically extended until mid-2020, when the confirmed infection case dropped to almost 0 and the state of emergency ended on 9 June 2020. Most restrictions were lifted.

The rates spiked again by the end of September, from a few dozen per day to low hundreds by November, and many of the restrictions were restored and tightened, including a range of new ones. Eventually, a new state of emergency was reinstated on 9 November 2020 with increased rules and restrictions, while the daily cases reached close to one thousand by the end of November. The number of cases kept rising at the turn of the year and the state of emergency was extended to 6 April 2021. The vaccination programme began at the start of the year.

As of 21 January 2023, 2,974,692 COVID-19 vaccine doses had been administered in Latvia.

Liechtenstein

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Liechtenstein

The first case was reported in the country on 3 March.

Lithuania

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Lithuania

The first case was reported in the country on 28 February. By 17 March there were 21 cases, mostly in Vilnius, Kaunas and Klaipėda. The first infected Lithuanian recovered on 14 March. Cases reached 2,000 in July, 10,000 in October and 50,000 in November.

Luxembourg

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Luxembourg

The first case was reported in the country on 29 February. Positive cases exceeded 6,600 on 30 June and 8,500 on 30 September.

Malta

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Malta

On 7 March, Malta reported its first 3 cases of coronavirus: an Italian family consisting of a 12-year-old girl and her parents, who arrived in Malta on 3 March from Rome after a holiday in Trentino.

Moldova

Main articles: COVID-19 pandemic in Moldova and Transnistria

This section is an excerpt from COVID-19 pandemic in Moldova.[edit]

Map of cases of COVID-19 in Moldova
(21 December 2021)

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The COVID-19 pandemic in Moldova was a part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was confirmed to have reached the Republic of Moldova on 7 March 2020, when a Moldovan woman who returned from Italy tested positive for the novel coronavirus. As the number of infected people started to rise during the next days, the Parliament declared a state of emergency on 17 March 2020 for the entire territory of the Republic of Moldova for a period of 60 days (17 March to 15 May 2020).

On 15 May 2020, the last day of the state of emergency declared by the Parliament on 17 March 2020, the Extraordinary National Commission of Public Health declared the state of emergency in public health for the entire territory of Moldova for the period of 16 May to 30 June 2020. On 9 June 2020, the total number of confirmed cases surpassed 10,000. On 1 September 2020, the number of deaths surpassed 1,000.

The vaccination process started on 2 March 2021 with AstraZeneca vaccine units donated by Romania to Moldova.

Monaco

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Monaco

The first case was reported in the country on 29 February.

Montenegro

This section is an excerpt from COVID-19 pandemic in Montenegro.[edit]

The COVID-19 pandemic in Montenegro has resulted in 251,280 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 2,654 deaths.

The first case of the disease in Montenegro was confirmed on 17 March 2020, making it the last European country to register a case of SARS-CoV-2. On 24 May 2020, 68 days after the first case was recorded in Montenegro, it became the first COVID-19-free country in Europe. Within the first outbreak, indexed cases counted 9% of the total reported, 80% of cases were infected due to contact with primary cases, while the origin of infection of the other 11% of cases was not certain. The Government of Montenegro estimated that the country needs EUR 59.2 million private and international relief to address the health, social and economical impact of COVID-19.

Montenegro had no active cases from 24 May until 14 June 2020, when the first imported case was reported.

As of 3 December 2022, 523,735 COVID-19 vaccine doses have been administered in Montenegro.

Netherlands

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands

On 27 February, the Netherlands confirmed its first case, a man who had been in the Lombardy region of Italy.

On 6 March, RIVM announced the first death.

On 9 March, RIVM announced 56 more confirmed cases in addition to the total of the 77 infected patients declared in the previous day, bringing the total to 321 infected and 3 dead.

On 15 March, the Dutch government announced in a press conference that all schools, day care facilities, colleges, universities, and universities of applied sciences would close until 6 April, though children of parents in vital industries could still go to school or the day care if they could not be taken care of otherwise.

As of 16 March, the total number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 had risen to 1,413 and the total number of confirmed deaths had risen to 24. This was an increase of 278 infections and 4 deaths in comparison to 15 March.

On the same date, the Prime Minister of the Netherlands, Mark Rutte, had announced that the country would not go into complete lockdown. Instead the situation would be controlled as much as possible by delaying the spread of the virus, relying on measures taken earlier by the government, such as social distancing and prohibiting gatherings of 100 people and over. It is expected the coronavirus will keep spreading and a large part of the population will become infected. Instead of opting to lock down the Netherlands for the time required, which would have many (negative) consequences while the benefits remain uncertain and would have to stay in place, it will be attempted to build herd immunity in a controlled manner. Depending on how the virus behaves, the government will decide if additional measures are required.

Further measures were introduced on 23 March. All events will be banned until 1 September. Gatherings of more than three people, except for families, are prohibited. City mayors received greater authorization to enforce the rules. Fines will be issued to those not complying with the new rules.

Cases reached 10,000 in March, 50,000 in June, 100,000 in September and 500,000 in November.

North Macedonia

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in North Macedonia

On 26 February, North Macedonia confirmed its first case, a woman that had returned from Italy. On 10 March every school, kindergarten and university was closed. As of 10 October, the country has reported 20,163 cases, 781 deaths and a total of 16,009 recovered.

To stop the spreading of the virus, the country had a strict 61 hour curfew every weekend. For holidays, like Easter, the country had an 85-hour curfew. Furthermore, the state of emergency which had expired was extended for 14 more days until 30 May, and then again for 14 more days until 13 June.

Norway

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Norway

Separation of an area near the driver, bus in Trondheim, 15 March

On 26 February, Norway confirmed its first case, in a person who had returned from China the previous week.

On 7 March, there were 147 confirmed cases in Norway. Most of the cases could either be linked to outbreaks abroad or close encounters with these. Altogether 89 have been infected on travel in Italy.

On 12 March 2020, all kindergartens, schools, colleges and universities were closed until at least 26 March 2020.

Poland

This section is an excerpt from COVID-19 pandemic in Poland.[edit]

The COVID-19 pandemic in Poland was a part of the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 strain of coronavirus. As of 21 August 2024, Poland had 6,680,897 confirmed cases (173,553 per million), and 120,636 deaths due to COVID-19.

In February and March 2020, health authorities in Poland carried out laboratory testing of suspected cases of infection by SARS-CoV-2, as well as home quarantining and monitoring. On 4 March 2020, the first laboratory confirmed case in Poland was announced in a man hospitalised in Zielona Góra. On March 10, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the local transmission phase of SARS-CoV-2 in Poland. On March 12, 2020, the first death from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Poland was that of a 57-year-old woman.

Polish authorities did not participate in the European Union tender procedure for purchasing COVID-19 pandemic related medical equipment, until 17 March 2020.

On 10–12 March 2020 lockdown-type control measures were implemented, closing schools and university classes, offices, and cancelling mass events, and were strengthened on 25 March, limiting non-family gatherings to two people and religious gatherings to six and forbidding non-essential travel. On 20 March 2020, the Ministry of Health officially declared an epidemic and on the same day tried to prevent medical personnel from commenting on the pandemic. The Polish Ombudsman Adam Bodnar defended medical personnel's right to speak publicly about the epidemic on constitutional grounds of freedom of speech and the right of the public to information. Doctors opposed the self-censorship orders.

Lockdown restrictions were tightened on 31 March 2020 by a government regulation, requiring individuals walking in streets to be separated by two metres, closing parks, boulevards, beaches, hairdressers and beauty salons, and forbidding unaccompanied minors from exiting their homes. Restrictions were relaxed starting 20 April, allowing religious gatherings and funerals to be held for up to a maximum of 50 people.

Starting on 1 April 2020, fatalities which were clinically or epidemiologically diagnosed as COVID-19 (U07.2) were also considered as COVID-19 deaths by NIPH–NIH.

Portugal

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal

On 2 March, the first two cases were confirmed in Portugal, both in the city of Porto. One was a doctor who had returned from holiday in northern Italy, and the other a worker from Spain.

On 18 March, the President of the Republic, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, declared the entirety of the Portuguese territory in a state of emergency for the following fifteen days, with the possibility of renewal, the first since the Carnation Revolution in 1974.

On 24 March the Portuguese Government admitted that the country could not contain anymore the COVID-19 as it is wide spreading and will enter the 'Mitigation Phase' on 26 March.

Cases reached 10,000 in April, 100,000 in October and 300,000 in December.

Romania

This section is an excerpt from COVID-19 pandemic in Romania.[edit]

The COVID-19 pandemic in Romania is part of the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was confirmed to have reached Romania on 26 February 2020, when the first case in Gorj County was confirmed.

As of 31 January 2022, the National Institute of Public Health has reported around 2,200,000 cases, 1,800,000 recoveries, and 60,000 COVID-19-related deaths. More than 11.7 million RT-PCR tests and more than 7.3 million rapid antigen tests have been processed.

An anti-COVID-19 vaccination campaign, part of a global effort to slow down the spread of the virus, started on 27 December 2020. As of 27 January 2022, over 50% of the country's eligible population received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine as part of an ongoing national vaccination campaign.

As of 21 January 2023, 16,102,916 COVID-19 vaccine doses had been administered in Romania.

Russia

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Russia

Russian President Vladimir Putin visits coronavirus patients at Moscow hospital on 24 March

Russia implemented preventive measures to curb the spread of COVID-19 in the country by imposing quarantines, carrying raids on potential virus carriers and using facial recognition to impose quarantine measures.

On 2 March, Western Russia confirmed its first case in Moscow Oblast. Previously on 31 January Russia confirmed first two cases in its Asian part, one in Tyumen Oblast and another in Zabaykalsky Krai. Both were Chinese nationals, who have since recovered.

On 7 March, four new cases were confirmed, three was in Lipetsk and one in Saint Petersburg. All people visited Italy in the previous two weeks.

On 8 March, three news cases were confirmed, in Moscow, Belgorod and Kaliningrad Oblasts. All people returned from Italy.

On 10 March, Moscow Mayor Sergey Sobyanin signed a decree for banning mass events in Moscow with more than 5000 participants from 10 March to 10 April.

By 15 April, cases were confirmed in all of Western Russia's federal subjects with the confirmation of the first case in Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

San Marino

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in San Marino

On 27 February, San Marino confirmed its first case, an 88-year-old man with pre-existing medical conditions, who came from Italy. He was hospitalised at a hospital in Rimini, Italy. As of 25 March 2020: With 700 confirmed cases out of a population of 33,344 (as of 2018), it is the country with the highest percentage of confirmed cases per capita at 2.1% – 1 confirmed case per 48 inhabitants. Also, with 42 confirmed deaths, the country has the highest rate of confirmed deaths per capita at 0.126% of the total population – 1 death per 794 inhabitants.

Serbia

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia

Disinfection of housing in Serbia during the COVID-19 pandemic

On 29 February, a massive infection occurred in the town of Valjevo after a private party involving a guest from Austria who had previously stayed in Italy. On 6 March, the first case was confirmed in Serbia by Minister of Health Zlatibor Lončar, of a man who had traveled to Budapest. President Aleksandar Vucic and the Government of the Republic of Serbia introduced a state of emergency on 15 March. Two days later, curfew and quarantine were introduced as safeguards against massive infection.

Slovakia

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Slovakia

A queue of cars and trucks waiting to cross the Slovak border on 13 March

People in Bratislava wearing masks on 16 March

On 6 March Slovakia confirmed its first case, a 52-year-old man from a small village near Bratislava. He had not travelled anywhere in recent weeks but his son, who didn't show any symptoms, had visited Venice. On 7 March, the virus was also confirmed in his wife and son.

In October 2020 Slovakia started implementation of a short-period mass-testing programme to test two-thirds of its citizens for COVID-19.

Slovenia

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Slovenia

On 4 March Slovenia confirmed its first case. A patient of about 60 years of age had returned from Morocco few days earlier (via Italy) and was admitted to a hospital in Ljubljana.

On 6 March, a total of eight cases were reported, three of them medical professionals, who contracted the virus on holiday in Italy. By 9 March 16 people were confirmed to be infected.

Spain

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Spain

Television cameras covering the first coronavirus cases in a hospital in Valencia

On 31 January, Spain confirmed its first case, in the Canary Island of La Gomera. A tourist from Germany tested positive and was admitted to University Hospital of the Nuestra Señora de Candelaria. On 19 February, 2,500 football fans from Valencia attended a Champions League game in Bergamo, the hot spot of the outbreak in Italy.

On 24 February, a medical doctor from Lombardy, Italy who was vacationing in Tenerife, tested positive at the University Hospital of the Nuestra Señora de Candelaria in Spain. Afterwards, multiple cases were detected in Tenerife involving people who had come in contact with the doctor. Other cases involving individuals who visited Italy were also discovered on Spanish mainland.

On Saturday 14 March, the Spanish government imposed a nationwide quarantine, banned all trips that are not necessary and announced that companies may be intervened to guarantee supplies. However, with universities and schools closed earlier that week, bars and parks were full, and due to slow enactment "part of the population of Madrid and other cities had dispersed across the country". As of 17 March 2020, there had been 11,826 confirmed cases with 1,028 recoveries and 533 deaths in Spain.

On 28 March, the Spanish government tightened up its national lockdown, ordering all non-essential workers to stay at home for the next two weeks. Nearly 900,000 workers lost their jobs in Spain since it went into lockdown in mid-March 2020.

Sweden

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden

On 31 January, Sweden confirmed its first case. A woman in her 20s, who had visited Wuhan, tested positive and was admitted at Ryhov County Hospital in Jönköping.

On 26 February, following the outbreak in Italy and in Iran, infection clusters originating from these two countries appeared in Sweden. A number of individuals in Västra Götaland, Jönköping, Stockholm and Uppsala tested positive and were admitted to the infectious disease units in the respective counties.

The country's first fatality came on 11 March, that of a man in Stockholm over 60 who had other illnesses prior to infection.

As of 12 March, national testing strategy shifted to only the elderly, the severely ill, and healthcare personnel. The official recommendation for symptoms that were not serious, as of 13 March, was to stay at home and not visit healthcare. This has led to statistics becoming less useful.

As of 14 March 924 people were reported as having become infected. The Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Sweden made the recommendation to refrain from unnecessary travel to all countries.

Switzerland

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland

Supermarket with some empty shelves and restricted access to non-vital items

On 25 February, following the outbreak in Italy, Switzerland confirmed its first case, a 70-year-old man in the Italian-speaking canton of Ticino, who had previously visited Milan. Afterwards, multiple cases related to the Italy clusters were discovered in multiple cantons including Basel-City, Zürich and Graubünden. Multiple isolated cases not related to the Italian clusters were also confirmed.

On 28 February, the Federal Council announced an immediate ban on all events with more than 1,000 participants.

As of 10 March, there were 500 confirmed cases in Switzerland. On 16 March 2020, the Federal Council announced further measures, and a revised ordinance. Measures include the closure of bars, shops and other gathering places until 19 April, but leaves open certain essentials, such as grocery stores, pharmacies, (a reduced) public transport and the postal service. Those measures were prolonged until 26 April 2020.

On 23 December, following an unexpectedly quick authorization by Swissmedic of the Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, the vaccination campaign was launched in several cantons. A 90-year-old woman from the Lucerne region became the first vaccinated patient in continental Europe outside Russia. All cantons are expected to start vaccinating by 11 January 2021.

Turkey

This section is an excerpt from COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey.[edit]

7-day incidence rate per 100,000 residents by province, 12–18 June 2021

  <10

  10–30

  30–50

  50–70

  70–100

  ≥ 100

The COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey is part of the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

The first case in Turkey was recorded on 11 March, when a local returned home from a trip to Europe. The first death due to COVID-19 in the country occurred on 15 March. Turkey stood out from the rest of Europe by not ordering a legal lockdown until April 2021, when the country enacted its first nationwide restrictions. The government kept many businesses open, and allowed companies to set their own guidelines for workers.

The Turkish health system has the highest number of intensive care units in the world at 46.5 beds per 100,000 people (compared to 9.6 in Greece, 11.6 in France, and 12.6 in Italy). As of 3 May 2021, Turkey's observed case-fatality rate stood at 0.84%, the 148th highest rate globally. This low case-fatality rate has generated various explanations, including the relative rarity of nursing homes, favorable demographics, a long legacy of contact tracing, the high number of intensive care units, universal health care, and a lockdown regime that led to a higher proportion of positive cases among working-age adults. But according to an August 2020 academic study by The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, the government of Turkey has been underreporting COVID-19 statistics.

On 30 September 2020, Turkish Minister of Health Fahrettin Koca acknowledged that since 29 July, the reported number of cases was limited to symptomatic cases that required monitoring, which was met with rebuke by the Turkish Medical Association. This practice ended on 25 November, when the ministry started to report asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic cases alongside symptomatic ones.

Ukraine

This section is an excerpt from COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine.[edit]

Number of confirmed cases by oblast-->

The COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine has resulted in 5,541,377 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 109,925 deaths.

The virus was confirmed to have spread to Ukraine when the country's first case was confirmed to be hospitalized in Chernivtsi Oblast on 3 March 2020, a man who had travelled from Italy to Romania by plane and then arrived in Ukraine by car. An emergency was declared on 20 March 2020 in Kyiv Oblast, Chernivtsi Oblast, Zhytomyr Oblast, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, and the city of Kyiv. New infections and deaths started to break records by late October 2021. By then, a total of 2.8 million coronavirus cases and 64,936 COVID-19 related deaths had occurred in Ukraine.

Ukraine's ongoing vaccination program started on 24 February 2021 and from that day to 12 September 2021, 10,710,944 vaccinations were given in Ukraine (meaning 18% of the adult population of Ukraine had been vaccinated against COVID-19). About 44% of those vaccinated had been fully vaccinated. In an August 2021 poll 56% of Ukrainians did not plan to be vaccinated. Demand for vaccinations multiplied sharply by late October 2021. On 7 January 2022 the Ministry of Health announced that 44.9% of the adult population had undergone a full course of vaccination.

Statistics for the Russian-held Autonomous Republic of Crimea and city of Sevastopol, and for the unrecognized Donetsk People's Republic and Luhansk People's Republic in eastern Ukraine, are not reported by Ukraine's state agencies, and are not included in the country's totals.

Since the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Ukrainian Ministry of Healthcare has made no further press releases related to COVID-19, and the latest counts were for 23 February 2022. As a result, daily counts are displayed in various diagrams as zero. In late May 2022, Chief State Sanitary Doctor Ihor Kuzin stated that since the beginning of the invasion, more than 750 studies had been conducted and that COVID-19 outbreaks were not expected in Ukraine in the near future. On 1 July 2023, the Ministry downgraded the disease's alert levels to that of regular respiratory diseases and lifted all emergency measures relating to it.

United Kingdom

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom

Mark Drakeford, First Minister at the Welsh Government in one of his daily briefings.

Man in London wearing a face mask on 19 March

On 31 January, England confirmed the first two cases, both members of a family of Chinese nationals staying in a hotel in York who were taken to specialist facilities in Newcastle upon Tyne. Afterwards, several confirmed cases were detected across the UK. The UK government implemented preventive measures to curb the spread of infections which included contact tracing, isolation and testing, some of which were related to the Italy clusters. The NHS set up drive-through screening centres at several hospitals to test members of the public showing symptoms. This effort was later replaced with screening focused on diagnosing patients in secondary care.

On 2 March, Ministers approved the Department of Health and Social Care COVID-19 action plan, which sets out actions to date, future measures, cooperation between devolved political and health authorities, and the level of preparedness of the country's four National Health Services. It outlined the government's objectives to deploy phased actions to Contain, Delay, and Mitigate any outbreak, using Research to inform policy development.

On the 23 March, it was announced that the UK would be entering a nationwide lockdown. The public were advised to stay at home except for essential shopping and one hour of exercise a day. These measures came into effect on 26 March and lasted until 1 June when measures were eased allowing early years pupils and exams students to return to school in limited capacity. These measures are further eased on 15 June when retail and attractions were able to open for the first time since March.

On 25 March, the UK Parliament legislated to provide the government and authorities with emergency powers to handle the COVID-19 pandemic, such as the power to restrict public gatherings, order businesses to close, and the ability to detain those suspected of having the virus. The Coronavirus Act 2020 received Royal Assent on 25 March and came into force on the same day.

On 5 April, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Boris Johnson was admitted to hospital after testing positive to COVID-19 10 days earlier. He was admitted into intensive care the following night, when his symptoms further worsened. He left hospital on 12 April.

The NHS was given access to emergency supplies of PPE and patients that did not need to remain in hospital were moved to residential care homes if needed. However, there was no need for a negative COVID-19 test before patients were transferred to these settings, this was only required from 15 April. On 15 May, the government approved the first social care specific legislation that helped to ensure that staff had access to adequate PPE and protect both those working and living in care homes.

As of 6 May, the total of confirmed cases was 201,101; the total of recorded deaths in all settings was 30,076, the highest in Europe and second highest in all the countries after United States. It is estimated that care home residents accounted for 30-40% of these deaths, with social care workers being twice as likely to die from COVID-19 as the general population. However, the death toll did not continue to increase throughout the summer, and Brazil and Mexico now have more deaths as of 1 August 2020. During August and September the number of infections per day began to increase significantly although the death rate remained fairly low. Boris Johnson announced changes to restrictions on 22 September which included forcing pubs, bars and restaurants to close by 10pm in England and the so-called rule of six saying no more than six people should meet. In October, Scotland's first minister declared new restrictions it meant that some areas of the country those like Edinburgh had to close bars, pubs and go back to doing self-service. Northern Ireland's executive that also have control over health policy tightened restrictions to make them close to a lockdown as did Wales announced by Welsh first minister. It also emerged that Boris Johnson had been advised by SAGE committee of scientists to have a short lockdown back on 21 September. Boris subsequently introduced a three tier system of restrictions Liverpool was put under the top tier meaning tougher restrictions but falling short of a full lockdown. The UK has since recorded over 40,000 deaths. Three-tier coronavirus alert levels: Tier 1, 2 and 3 rules explained

On 5 November, the UK had to enter a second national lockdown due to the rising number of cases and hospitalisations. Following the end of this lockdown on 2 December case numbers began to rise again and over 70,000 deaths have been recorded in relation to COVID-19 as of 11 December 2020.

Vatican City

This section is an excerpt from COVID-19 pandemic in Vatican City.[edit]

The COVID-19 pandemic in Vatican City was a part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The Holy See reported the first case of infection in Vatican City on 7 March 2020. Unlike other jurisdictions that report cases within a given territory or cases of residents or citizens of a territory, the Holy See reports on cases "in Vatican City State and among the employees of the Holy See" regardless of location of testing, treatment, or residence. There were 29 confirmed cases of COVID-19 among the Vatican's residents and employees; there were no associated deaths. The 29 cases included 10 employees, 1 new hire, and 1 resident of Vatican City. All those infected tested negative by 6 June 2020. An outbreak among members of the Holy See's Swiss Guard was reported in mid-October, totaling 11 as of October 15.

In late February 2020, Pope Francis became ill with symptoms of a cold, but tested negative for COVID-19. It was announced on January 14, 2021, that both he and Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI had received the first dose of a vaccine. They received their second dose in February.

Pandemic development graphs

Confirmed cases and deaths by date

Confirmed cases by date

Deaths by date

Growth rates comparison since outbreak

Syncing the start date to the 10th case, comparing the daily growth in cases

Syncing the start date to the 10th case, comparing the daily deaths

Daily new cases; syncing the start date to the 100th case:

Daily new cases; syncing the start date to the 500th case:

Response and criticism

Timeline of interventions

Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/201903 timeline large European state interventions

Immigrants and refugees

The European Union closed borders to non-nationals on 17 March. The next day, Greece imposed restrictions on refugees’ movement within camps. Thousands of asylum seekers are living in crowded camps, and there are fears that pandemic could not be controlled under such conditions. The Greek prime minister K. Mitsotakis said that Europe should do more to help because Greece "cannot resolve this crisis instantly and alone". Unnamed Greek officials have stated concerns that Turkey may send infected refugees and migrants towards the islands. Early in April Malta and Italy closed their ports to vessels carrying asylum seekers from North Africa.

Criticism

Travel bans and border closures

Full closure of a bridge over the Rhine, on the border between Austria and Switzerland

Although by 7 March some European politicians such as France's Marine Le Pen had called for Europe's internal borders to be temporarily closed, the European Union by 13 March continued to reject the idea of suspending the Schengen free travel area and introducing border controls with Italy. The deputy leader of the Swiss Ticino League, Lorenzo Quadri, by 29 February had criticised the decision: "It is alarming that the dogma of wide-open borders is considered a priority." United States President Donald Trump said by 12 March the European Union had "failed to take the same precautions and restrict travel from China and other hot spots" as the US had implemented. Trump also said that "As a result a large number of new clusters in the United States were seeded by travellers from Europe." Research on coronavirus genomes indicates the majority of COVID-19 cases in New York came from European travelers, rather than directly from China or any other Asian country.

By 9 March Czech Prime Minister Andrej Babiš stated that "European countries cannot ban the entry of Italian citizens within the Schengen area. The only possible way is to have the Italian prime minister call on his fellow citizens to refrain from traveling to other countries of the European Union."

After Slovakia, Denmark, the Czech Republic and Poland announced complete closure of their national borders, the European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said by 12 March that "Certain controls may be justified, but general travel bans are not seen as being the most effective by the World Health Organization. Moreover, they have a strong social and economic impact, they disrupt people’s lives and business across the borders." European Union leaders condemned the US decision to restrict travel from Europe to the United States. European Council President Charles Michel and Ursula von der Leyen said in a joint statement: "The European Union disapproves of the fact that the US decision to impose a travel ban was taken unilaterally and without consultation." Ursula von der Leyen admitted by 17 March that "all of us who are not experts initially underestimated the coronavirus."

EU solidarity

Main article: European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic

The Italian government has criticised EU's lack of solidarity with Italy. Politico reported on 7 March that "EU countries have so far refused Italy's plea for help fighting coronavirus, as national capitals worry that they may need to stockpile face masks and other medical gear to help their own citizens, officials and diplomats said." Maurizio Massari, Italy's ambassador to the EU, said that "Only China responded bilaterally. Certainly, this is not a good sign of European solidarity." Serbian President Aleksandar Vučić said that "European solidarity does not exist. That was a fairy tale."

Eventually, in July 2020 the European Council agreed to a massive recovery fund of 750 billion € branded Next Generation EU (NGEU) to support member states hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. The NGEU fund goes over the years 2021 – 2023 and will be tied to the 2021-2027 budget of the EU (MFF). The comprehensive packages of NGEU and MFF will reach the size of 1824.3 Billion €.

Reaction time of Spain

International Women's Day march in Mérida, Spain, 8 March

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Spain

According to The Guardian, Spain's initially slow response to the coronavirus caused the epidemic to become severe even though it did not share a land border with Italy or other severely affected countries. An analysis in Vox hypothesised that the minority government did not want to risk its hold on power by banning large gatherings early; Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez initially defended his decision to allow large gatherings to continue.

Military exercises during pandemic

The planned NATO "Defender 2020" military exercise in Germany, Poland, and the Baltic states, the largest NATO war manoeuvres since the end of the Cold War, was to be held on a reduced scale because of the coronavirus pandemic. The Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament's general secretary Kate Hudson criticised the Defender 2020 exercise: "In the current public-health crisis, it jeopardises the lives not only of the troops from the US and the many European countries participating but the inhabitants of the countries in which they are operating."

Restrictions on civil liberties

There was concern that measures taken by some national governments on occasion of the COVID-19 pandemic would have the aim or effect of restricting democracy and civil liberties and rights. In Hungary, prime minister Viktor Orban acquired near absolute powers through such legislation on 3 April.

Use of scientific advice

The European Union's Chief Scientific Advisors issued a statement on 24 June 2020, providing guidance for how scientific advice should be given and interpreted during the pandemic. One key point made by the Advisors was that scientists must be clearer about the degree of uncertainty that characterises the evolving evidence on which their advice is based, for instance around the use of face-masks. They also emphasised that scientific advice must be separated from decision-making, and this separation must be made clear by politicians.

External links

• WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)
• Worldwide Coronavirus Map, confirmed Cases – Map the route paths of coronavirus confirmed cases.
• ncov – CSSE – Map of the expansion of the virus in Europe and in the world