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* ''[[Ground pangolin|Smutsia temminckii]]''
* ''[[Ground pangolin|Smutsia temminckii]]''
|range_map = Manis ranges.png
|range_map = Manis ranges.png
|range_map_width = 250px
|range_map_caption =
|range_map_caption =
{{leftlegend|#03C03C|''[[Giant pangolin|Smutsia gigantea]]''|outline=black}}
{{leftlegend|#03C03C|''[[Giant pangolin|Smutsia gigantea]]''|outline=black}}
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'''Smutsia''', better known as the '''African ground pangolins''', is a genus of African [[pangolin]]s from subfamily '''large African pangolins''' (Smutsiinae), within family [[Manidae]]. It is formerly considered a subgenus of ''[[Manis]]''.<ref name="Schlitter">{{MSW3 Pholidota |id=13900006 |pages=530-531}}</ref> Its members are the more [[terrestrial locomotion|terrestrial]] of the African pangolins.<ref name="du Toit2017">{{cite journal |last1=du Toit |first1=Z. |last2=du Plessis |first2=M. |last3=Dalton |first3=D. L. |last4=Jansen |first4=R. |last5=Paul Grobler |first5=J. |last6=Kotzé |first6=A. |title=Mitochondrial genomes of African pangolins and insights into evolutionary patterns and phylogeny of the family Manidae |journal=BMC Genomics |volume=18 |issue=1 |year=2017 |page=746 |doi=10.1186/s12864-017-4140-5 |pmid=28934931 |pmc=5609056 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
'''Smutsia''', better known as the '''African ground pangolins''', is a genus of African [[pangolin]]s from subfamily '''large African pangolins''' (Smutsiinae), within family [[Manidae]]. It is formerly considered a subgenus of ''[[Manis]]''.<ref name="Schlitter">{{MSW3 Pholidota |id=13900006 |pages=530-531}}</ref> Its members are the more [[terrestrial locomotion|terrestrial]] of the African pangolins.<ref name="du Toit2017">{{cite journal |last1=du Toit |first1=Z. |last2=du Plessis |first2=M. |last3=Dalton |first3=D. L. |last4=Jansen |first4=R. |last5=Paul Grobler |first5=J. |last6=Kotzé |first6=A. |title=Mitochondrial genomes of African pangolins and insights into evolutionary patterns and phylogeny of the family Manidae |journal=BMC Genomics |volume=18 |issue=1 |year=2017 |page=746 |doi=10.1186/s12864-017-4140-5 |pmid=28934931 |pmc=5609056 |doi-access=free}}</ref>


== Etymology ==
==Etymology==
The British [[naturalist]] [[John Edward Gray]] named ''Smutsia'' for the [[South Africa]]n naturalist [[Johannes Smuts]] (1808–1869),<ref>{{cite web |title=S2A3 Biographical Database of Southern African Science [Johannes Smuts] |url=http://www.s2a3.org.za/bio/Biograph_final.php?serial=2641 |access-date=May 28, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Palmer |first=T.S. |date=1904 |title=Index Generum Mammalium: a List of the Genera and Families of Mammals |journal=North American Fauna |volume=23 |pages=635 |doi=10.3996/nafa.23.0001 |doi-access=free}}</ref> the first South African to write a [[treatise]] on mammals in 1832 (in which he described the species ''Manis temminckii'').
The British [[naturalist]] [[John Edward Gray]] named ''Smutsia'' for the [[South Africa]]n naturalist [[Johannes Smuts]] (1808–1869),<ref>{{cite web |title=S2A3 Biographical Database of Southern African Science [Johannes Smuts] |url=http://www.s2a3.org.za/bio/Biograph_final.php?serial=2641 |access-date=May 28, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Palmer |first=T.S. |date=1904 |title=Index Generum Mammalium: a List of the Genera and Families of Mammals |journal=North American Fauna |volume=23 |pages=635 |doi=10.3996/nafa.23.0001 |doi-access=free}}</ref> the first South African to write a [[treatise]] on mammals in 1832 (in which he described the species ''Manis temminckii'').


Revision as of 22:34, 31 December 2020

African ground pangolin
Temporal range: 9.8–0 Ma Late Miocene - Present[1]
Pangolins from genus Smutsia
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Pholidota
Family: Manidae
Subfamily: Smutsiinae
Gray, 1873
Genus: Smutsia
Gray, 1865
Type species
Smutsia gigantea
Illiger, 1815
Species
  Smutsia gigantea
  Smutsia temminckii
Synonyms
synonyms of subfamily:
  • Smutsiana (Gray, 1873)
  • Smutsiini (Gray, 1873)

Smutsia, better known as the African ground pangolins, is a genus of African pangolins from subfamily large African pangolins (Smutsiinae), within family Manidae. It is formerly considered a subgenus of Manis.[2] Its members are the more terrestrial of the African pangolins.[3]

Etymology

The British naturalist John Edward Gray named Smutsia for the South African naturalist Johannes Smuts (1808–1869),[4][5] the first South African to write a treatise on mammals in 1832 (in which he described the species Manis temminckii).

Taxonomy

Phylogeny

Phylogenetic position of genus Smutsia within family Manidae.[6][7][1]

 Pholidotamorpha 

†Palaeanodonta

 Pholidota 

†Euromanis

†Eurotamanduidae

 Eupholidota 

†Eomanoidea

 Manoidea 

†Patriomanidae

 ? 

†Necromanis

 Manidae 

Maninae

 ? 

†manidае sp. (DPC 3972 & DPC 4364)

 Smutsiinae 

Phatagininae

 Smutsiinae 
 Smutsia 

Smutsia gigantea

†Smutsia sp. (Olteţ River Valley, Romania)

Smutsia temminckii

 sensu stricto 
 sensu lato 
 sensu stricto 
 (Pholidota sensu lato) 

References

  1. ^ a b Philippe Gaubert, Agostinho Antunes, Hao Meng, Lin Miao, Stéphane Peigné, Fabienne Justy, Flobert Njiokou, Sylvain Dufour, Emmanuel Danquah, Jayanthi Alahakoon, Erik Verheyen, William T Stanley, Stephen J O’Brien, Warren E Johnson, Shu-Jin Luo (2018) "The Complete Phylogeny of Pangolins: Scaling Up Resources for the Molecular Tracing of the Most Trafficked Mammals on Earth" Journal of Heredity, Volume 109, Issue 4, Pages 347–359
  2. ^ Schlitter, D.A. (2005). "Order Pholidota". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 530–531. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  3. ^ du Toit, Z.; du Plessis, M.; Dalton, D. L.; Jansen, R.; Paul Grobler, J.; Kotzé, A. (2017). "Mitochondrial genomes of African pangolins and insights into evolutionary patterns and phylogeny of the family Manidae". BMC Genomics. 18 (1): 746. doi:10.1186/s12864-017-4140-5. PMC 5609056. PMID 28934931.
  4. ^ "S2A3 Biographical Database of Southern African Science [Johannes Smuts]". Retrieved May 28, 2018.
  5. ^ Palmer, T.S. (1904). "Index Generum Mammalium: a List of the Genera and Families of Mammals". North American Fauna. 23: 635. doi:10.3996/nafa.23.0001.
  6. ^ Gaudin, Timothy (2009). "The Phylogeny of Living and Extinct Pangolins (Mammalia, Pholidota) and Associated Taxa: A Morphology Based Analysis" (PDF). Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 16 (4). Heidelberg, Germany: Springer Science+Business Media: 235–305. doi:10.1007/s10914-009-9119-9.
  7. ^ Kondrashov, Peter; Agadjanian, Alexandre K. (2012). "A nearly complete skeleton of Ernanodon (Mammalia, Palaeanodonta) from Mongolia: morphofunctional analysis". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 32 (5): 983–1001. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.694319. ISSN 0272-4634.
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