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m Task 18 (cosmetic): eval 13 templates: del empty params (1×); hyphenate params (14×);
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|title= Pumpabike personal hydrofoil
|title= Pumpabike personal hydrofoil
|date=2005-12-17
|date=2005-12-17
|accessdate=2008-04-29
|access-date=2008-04-29
|work= Stuff.tv}}
|work= Stuff.tv}}
</ref><ref>{{cite web
</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url = http://lancet.mit.edu/decavitator
| url = http://lancet.mit.edu/decavitator
| title = Decavitator Human-Powered Hydrofoil
| title = Decavitator Human-Powered Hydrofoil
| accessdate = 2013-02-10}}</ref> easily exceeding the [[Rowing World Records|world records]] set by competitive [[Rowing (sport)|rowing]] which stand at about {{convert|20|km/h|mph kn|abbr=on}}. This speed advantage is achieved since hydrofoils lack a submerged body to provide [[buoyancy]], greatly reducing the [[Drag (physics)|drag]] force.<ref name=ns/>
| access-date = 2013-02-10}}</ref> easily exceeding the [[Rowing World Records|world records]] set by competitive [[Rowing (sport)|rowing]] which stand at about {{convert|20|km/h|mph kn|abbr=on}}. This speed advantage is achieved since hydrofoils lack a submerged body to provide [[buoyancy]], greatly reducing the [[Drag (physics)|drag]] force.<ref name=ns/>


==Propulsion==
==Propulsion==
Line 30: Line 30:
| date = 2015
| date = 2015
| publisher = The International Hydrofoil Society
| publisher = The International Hydrofoil Society
| accessdate = 2016-07-06}}</ref> and flapping wings, as detailed below.
| access-date = 2016-07-06}}</ref> and flapping wings, as detailed below.


===Flapping wing propulsion===
===Flapping wing propulsion===
Line 38: Line 38:
|title = Suzi goes for a bit of pumping
|title = Suzi goes for a bit of pumping
|date = 2006-10-16
|date = 2006-10-16
|accessdate = 2008-04-29
|access-date = 2008-04-29
|work = [[Five (channel)|Five]] - The Gadget Show
|work = [[Five (channel)|Five]] - The Gadget Show
|url-status = dead
|url-status = dead
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070319032433/http://gadgetshow.five.tv/jsp/5gsmain.jsp?lnk=401&featureid=219&pageid=-1&show=s5e5&section=Features
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070319032433/http://gadgetshow.five.tv/jsp/5gsmain.jsp?lnk=401&featureid=219&pageid=-1&show=s5e5&section=Features
|archivedate = 2007-03-19
|archive-date = 2007-03-19
|df =
}}
}}
</ref><ref name = "GizModo">
</ref><ref name = "GizModo">
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|title= Pumpabike: Human-Powered Hydrofoil
|title= Pumpabike: Human-Powered Hydrofoil
|date= 2005-05-24
|date= 2005-05-24
|accessdate=2008-04-29
|access-date=2008-04-29
|work= [[Gizmodo]] }}
|work= [[Gizmodo]] }}
</ref> It is started and landed from the shore, or preferably from a dock, and requires a bit of experience. When moving too slowly, it will sink, and the range of possible speeds is {{convert|9|-|30|km/h|mph kn|abbr=on}}.<ref name = "GizModo"/>
</ref> It is started and landed from the shore, or preferably from a dock, and requires a bit of experience. When moving too slowly, it will sink, and the range of possible speeds is {{convert|9|-|30|km/h|mph kn|abbr=on}}.<ref name = "GizModo"/>
Line 59: Line 58:
| title = 1953 The "Wasserläufer"
| title = 1953 The "Wasserläufer"
| publisher = Human-Powered Hydrofoils
| publisher = Human-Powered Hydrofoils
| accessdate = 2013-02-10}}</ref>
| access-date = 2013-02-10}}</ref>
*The ''Flying Fish'' was developed by Allan Abbott and Alec Brooks in 1984.<ref>{{cite web
*The ''Flying Fish'' was developed by Allan Abbott and Alec Brooks in 1984.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.flyingfishhydrofoil.com/
| url = http://www.flyingfishhydrofoil.com/
| title = 1984 The "Flying Fish"
| title = 1984 The "Flying Fish"
| publisher = Alec Brooks and Allan Abbott
| publisher = Alec Brooks and Allan Abbott
| accessdate = 2013-12-31}}</ref>
| access-date = 2013-12-31}}</ref>
*The ''Pogofoil'', with pontoons for flotation, was developed in the US in 1989.<ref>{{cite web
*The ''Pogofoil'', with pontoons for flotation, was developed in the US in 1989.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.human-powered-hydrofoils.com/hydrofoils/pogofoil-parker-mccready/
| url = http://www.human-powered-hydrofoils.com/hydrofoils/pogofoil-parker-mccready/
| title = 1989 Pogofoil Parker McCready
| title = 1989 Pogofoil Parker McCready
| publisher = Human-Powered Hydrofoils
| publisher = Human-Powered Hydrofoils
| accessdate = 2013-02-10}}</ref>
| access-date = 2013-02-10}}</ref>
*The ''Trampofoil'' was developed in Sweden in 1998.<ref>{{cite web
*The ''Trampofoil'' was developed in Sweden in 1998.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.human-powered-hydrofoils.com/hydrofoils/trampofoil/
| url = http://www.human-powered-hydrofoils.com/hydrofoils/trampofoil/
| title = 1998 Trampofoil
| title = 1998 Trampofoil
| publisher = Human-Powered Hydrofoils
| publisher = Human-Powered Hydrofoils
| accessdate = 2013-02-10}}</ref>
| access-date = 2013-02-10}}</ref>
*The ''AquaSkipper'' was developed the US in 2003.<ref>{{cite web
*The ''AquaSkipper'' was developed the US in 2003.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://uncrate.com/stuff/aquaskipper/
| url = http://uncrate.com/stuff/aquaskipper/
| title = Aquaskipper
| title = Aquaskipper
| publisher = Uncrate
| publisher = Uncrate
| accessdate = 2013-02-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| access-date = 2013-02-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.human-powered-hydrofoils.com/hydrofoils/aquaskipper/
| url = http://www.human-powered-hydrofoils.com/hydrofoils/aquaskipper/
| title = AquaSkipper
| title = AquaSkipper
| publisher = Human-Powered Hydrofoils
| publisher = Human-Powered Hydrofoils
| accessdate = 2013-02-10}}</ref>
| access-date = 2013-02-10}}</ref>
*The ''Pumpabike'' was developed in South Africa in 2004.<ref name = "GizModo"/><ref>{{cite web
*The ''Pumpabike'' was developed in South Africa in 2004.<ref name = "GizModo"/><ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.human-powered-hydrofoils.com/hydrofoils/pumpabike/
| url = http://www.human-powered-hydrofoils.com/hydrofoils/pumpabike/
| title = Pumpabike
| title = Pumpabike
| publisher = Human-Powered Hydrofoils
| publisher = Human-Powered Hydrofoils
| accessdate = 2013-02-10}}</ref>
| access-date = 2013-02-10}}</ref>


==Electric assist hydrofoils==
==Electric assist hydrofoils==

Revision as of 06:59, 2 January 2021

Starting an AquaSkipper on the river Spree in Berlin
The Decavitator
An AquaSkipper underway

A human-powered hydrofoil is a small hydrofoil watercraft propelled entirely by the muscle power of its operator(s).[1] Hydrofoils are the fastest water-based vehicles propelled solely by human power. They can reach speeds of up to 34 km/h (21 mph; 18 kn),[1][2][3] easily exceeding the world records set by competitive rowing which stand at about 20 km/h (12 mph; 11 kn). This speed advantage is achieved since hydrofoils lack a submerged body to provide buoyancy, greatly reducing the drag force.[1]

Propulsion

Means of propulsion include screw propellers, as in hydrocycles; aircraft propellers, as in the Decavitator; paddles, as in a Flyak; oars, as in the Yale hydrofoil sculling project;[4] and flapping wings, as detailed below.

Flapping wing propulsion

Flapping wing propulsion devices are hydrofoils that produce propulsion by forcing a foil to move up and down in the water. The forward motion of the foil then generates lift as in other hydrofoils. A common design consists of a large foil at the stern that is used both for propulsion and keeping the passenger above the water, connected to a smaller foil at the bow used for steering and longitudinal stability. Riders operate the vehicle by bouncing up and down on a small platform at the stern, whilst holding onto a steering column.[5][6] It is started and landed from the shore, or preferably from a dock, and requires a bit of experience. When moving too slowly, it will sink, and the range of possible speeds is 9–30 km/h (5.6–18.6 mph; 4.9–16.2 kn).[6]

Several variations on the design have been developed:

  • The Wasserläufer was a forerunner of the design developed in Germany during the 1950s.[7]
  • The Flying Fish was developed by Allan Abbott and Alec Brooks in 1984.[8]
  • The Pogofoil, with pontoons for flotation, was developed in the US in 1989.[9]
  • The Trampofoil was developed in Sweden in 1998.[10]
  • The AquaSkipper was developed the US in 2003.[11][12]
  • The Pumpabike was developed in South Africa in 2004.[6][13]

Electric assist hydrofoils

References

  1. ^ a b c Graham-Rowe, Duncan (2005-05-23). "Human-powered hydrofoil seeks jumpy riders". New Scientist.
  2. ^ "Pumpabike personal hydrofoil". Stuff.tv. 2005-12-17. Retrieved 2008-04-29.
  3. ^ "Decavitator Human-Powered Hydrofoil". Retrieved 2013-02-10.
  4. ^ Lily Van Steenberg, Ensign, United States Navy (2015). "Design, Construction, and Testing of a Hydrofoil Rowing Shell" (PDF). The International Hydrofoil Society. Retrieved 2016-07-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ "Suzi goes for a bit of pumping". Five - The Gadget Show. 2006-10-16. Archived from the original on 2007-03-19. Retrieved 2008-04-29.
  6. ^ a b c "Pumpabike: Human-Powered Hydrofoil". Gizmodo. 2005-05-24. Retrieved 2008-04-29.
  7. ^ "1953 The "Wasserläufer"". Human-Powered Hydrofoils. Retrieved 2013-02-10.
  8. ^ "1984 The "Flying Fish"". Alec Brooks and Allan Abbott. Retrieved 2013-12-31.
  9. ^ "1989 Pogofoil Parker McCready". Human-Powered Hydrofoils. Retrieved 2013-02-10.
  10. ^ "1998 Trampofoil". Human-Powered Hydrofoils. Retrieved 2013-02-10.
  11. ^ "Aquaskipper". Uncrate. Retrieved 2013-02-10.
  12. ^ "AquaSkipper". Human-Powered Hydrofoils. Retrieved 2013-02-10.
  13. ^ "Pumpabike". Human-Powered Hydrofoils. Retrieved 2013-02-10.
  14. ^ https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/innovation/90820686/Hydrofoil-water-bike-to-launch-before-Christmas
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Human-powered_hydrofoil&oldid=997790299"