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{{Main|Union Minière du Haut Katanga}}
{{Main|Union Minière du Haut Katanga}}


The main thread running through much of Umicore's history is the ''[[Union Minière du Haut Katanga]]'' (UMHK), a company incorporated in 1906<ref name="history">{{cite web |url=http://www.umicore.com/en/aboutUs/history/ |access-date=2007-11-03 |title=About us: Short history |publisher=Umicore |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071130233435/http://www.umicore.com/en/aboutUs/history/ |archive-date=30 November 2007}}</ref> to exploit the vast [[natural resource]]s of the [[Congo Free State]], later the [[Belgian Congo]] and now the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. Initially the UMHK concentrated on mining the state's extensive [[copper]] deposits, before diversifying into [[cobalt]], [[tin]], [[uranium]] (in which it at one point held a near-monopoly in global supply) and other precious metals. The company also constructed [[casting]] and smelting facilities,<ref name="Gale">{{cite encyclopedia | last = Cohen | first = M.L. | title = Umicore | encyclopedia = International Directory of Company Histories | publisher = [[Gale Group|The Gale Group]] | year = 2006 | url = http://www.answers.com/topic/n-v-umicore-s-a | accessdate = 2007-11-03}}</ref> eventually growing to such an extent that it represented around half of all revenues taken in by the Congolese government. In early January 1967, the UMHK was [[nationalized]] by the regime of President [[Mobutu Sese Seko]],<ref>{{cite news |title = Crisis Over Copper |url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,843242,00.html |accessdate = 2007-11-04 |date = 13 January 1967 |work = [[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref> and over $800 million of the company's assets were seized by the state.<ref>{{cite news |last = Farnsworth |first = Clyde H. |title = Union Miniere Values Its Assets Seized by Congo at $800-Million |url = http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0C16FB3858117B93C6A9178AD85F438685F9 |accessdate = 2007-11-04 |date = 4 January 1967 |work = [[The New York Times]]}}</ref>
The main thread running through much of Umicore's history is the ''[[Union Minière du Haut Katanga]]'' (UMHK), a company incorporated in 1906<ref name="history">{{cite web |url=http://www.umicore.com/en/aboutUs/history/ |access-date=2007-11-03 |title=About us: Short history |publisher=Umicore |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071130233435/http://www.umicore.com/en/aboutUs/history/ |archive-date=30 November 2007}}</ref> to exploit the vast [[natural resource]]s of the [[Congo Free State]], later the [[Belgian Congo]] and now the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. Initially the UMHK concentrated on mining the state's extensive [[copper]] deposits, before diversifying into [[cobalt]], [[tin]], [[uranium]] (in which it at one point held a near-monopoly in global supply) and other precious metals. The company also constructed [[casting]] and smelting facilities,<ref name="Gale">{{cite encyclopedia | last = Cohen | first = M.L. | title = Umicore | encyclopedia = International Directory of Company Histories | publisher = [[Gale Group|The Gale Group]] | year = 2006 | url = http://www.answers.com/topic/n-v-umicore-s-a | access-date = 2007-11-03}}</ref> eventually growing to such an extent that it represented around half of all revenues taken in by the Congolese government. In early January 1967, the UMHK was [[nationalized]] by the regime of President [[Mobutu Sese Seko]],<ref>{{cite news |title = Crisis Over Copper |url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,843242,00.html |access-date = 2007-11-04 |date = 13 January 1967 |work = [[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref> and over $800 million of the company's assets were seized by the state.<ref>{{cite news |last = Farnsworth |first = Clyde H. |title = Union Miniere Values Its Assets Seized by Congo at $800-Million |url = http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0C16FB3858117B93C6A9178AD85F438685F9 |access-date = 2007-11-04 |date = 4 January 1967 |work = [[The New York Times]]}}</ref>


===After Katanga===
===After Katanga===
The firm suddenly found itself without the vast majority of its business (despite later receiving financial compensation for the physical assets seized by Mobutu's regime)<ref>{{cite news |title = Congolese to Pay for Seized Assets; Kinshasa Reaches Pact With Union Miniere of Belgium |url = http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA081EFA345E1B7493C4AB1782D85F4D8685F9 |accessdate = 2007-11-04 |date = 26 September 1969 |work = [[The New York Times]]}}</ref> but managed to survive: full ownership passed to [[Conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]] ''[[Société Générale de Belgique]]'', where it was grouped with its other metals and mining interests.<ref name="Gale" /> As a reflection of its enforced departure from the [[Katanga Province]], the new, simplified name ''Union Minière'' was adopted.<ref name="Gale" /> With its more European focus, Union Minière began to grow its business again through the 1980s, initially largely [[Organic growth|organically]]. In 1989 however, Société Générale announced plans to merge Union Minière with three other Belgian metals companies in which it held a significant stake: zinc producer [[Vieille Montagne]] (with a history stretching back to 1805); {{ill|Metallurgie Hoboken-Overpelt|nl|Zinkfabriek (Overpelt)}}, which dealt in a wide range of metals including copper, cobalt, and [[lead]]; and [[Mechim]], an [[engineering]] firm.<ref name="Ferdinand">{{cite news |last = Ferdinand |first = Pamela |title = Societe Generale merges metals units |url = http://business.highbeam.com/436402/article-1G1-8258323/societe-generale-merges-metals-units |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120315121142/http://business.highbeam.com/436402/article-1G1-8258323/societe-generale-merges-metals-units |url-status = dead |archive-date = 15 March 2012 |access-date = 2007-11-08 |date = 1 January 1990 |work = American Metal Market}}{{deep link needed|date=July 2018}}</ref> The much enlarged company was initially renamed Acec-Union Minière<ref name="Ferdinand" /> (although the prefix was dropped in 1992)<ref>{{cite news |title = Union-Miniere cuts away Acec prefix |url = http://business.highbeam.com/436402/article-1G1-12265575/unionminiere-cuts-away-acec-prefix |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120315121152/http://business.highbeam.com/436402/article-1G1-12265575/unionminiere-cuts-away-acec-prefix |url-status = dead |archive-date = 15 March 2012 |access-date = 2008-01-09 |date = 20 May 1992 |work = American Metal Market |publisher=[[HighBeam Research]]}}</ref> and subsequently set about streamlining its organisational structure, but the global economic downturn of the early-to-mid-1990s hit [[profit (accounting)|profit]]s<ref name="Gale" /> and forced management to implement a major [[restructuring]] programme in 1995.<ref name="plan">{{cite press release |title=Significant improvement of the current profit |publisher=Umicore |date=21 March 1996|url=http://www.investorrelations.umicore.com/en/newsPublications/pressReleases/1996/results95210396_E.pdf |accessdate = 2007-11-08}}</ref> The three-year plan, implemented under the guidance of recently appointed [[chief executive officer|CEO]] [[Karel Vinck]],<ref>{{cite news |title = Union Miniere names Leysen |url = http://business.highbeam.com/436402/article-1G1-55853105/union-miniere-names-leysen |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120315121156/http://business.highbeam.com/436402/article-1G1-55853105/union-miniere-names-leysen |url-status = dead |archive-date = 15 March 2012 |access-date = 2008-01-09 |date = 16 September 1999 |work = American Metal Market}}</ref> involved the loss of around 25% of Union Minière's workforce<ref name="AR1998">{{cite web |url=http://www.investorrelations.umicore.com/en/newsPublications/resultsReports/1998YR/AR98_EN.pdf |accessdate=2007-11-08 |title=Annual Report 1998 |publisher=Umicore}}</ref> and the sale of a number of [[Core business|non-core]] assets, including a zinc wire operation,<ref name="AR1998" /> [[France|French]] roofing material [[retailing|retailer]] Asturienne<ref name="AR1998" /> and much of the company's exposure to the [[diamond]] products sector (including {{ill|Diamant Boart|nl}}).<ref>{{cite press release |title = Diamant Boart, a subsidiary of Union Minière, to be acquired by Candover |publisher = Umicore |date = 28 June 1999| url = http://www.investorrelations.umicore.com/en/newsPublications/pressReleases/1999/Diamantboart_E.pdf | accessdate = 2007-11-08}}</ref>
The firm suddenly found itself without the vast majority of its business (despite later receiving financial compensation for the physical assets seized by Mobutu's regime)<ref>{{cite news |title = Congolese to Pay for Seized Assets; Kinshasa Reaches Pact With Union Miniere of Belgium |url = http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA081EFA345E1B7493C4AB1782D85F4D8685F9 |access-date = 2007-11-04 |date = 26 September 1969 |work = [[The New York Times]]}}</ref> but managed to survive: full ownership passed to [[Conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]] ''[[Société Générale de Belgique]]'', where it was grouped with its other metals and mining interests.<ref name="Gale" /> As a reflection of its enforced departure from the [[Katanga Province]], the new, simplified name ''Union Minière'' was adopted.<ref name="Gale" /> With its more European focus, Union Minière began to grow its business again through the 1980s, initially largely [[Organic growth|organically]]. In 1989 however, Société Générale announced plans to merge Union Minière with three other Belgian metals companies in which it held a significant stake: zinc producer [[Vieille Montagne]] (with a history stretching back to 1805); {{ill|Metallurgie Hoboken-Overpelt|nl|Zinkfabriek (Overpelt)}}, which dealt in a wide range of metals including copper, cobalt, and [[lead]]; and [[Mechim]], an [[engineering]] firm.<ref name="Ferdinand">{{cite news |last = Ferdinand |first = Pamela |title = Societe Generale merges metals units |url = http://business.highbeam.com/436402/article-1G1-8258323/societe-generale-merges-metals-units |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120315121142/http://business.highbeam.com/436402/article-1G1-8258323/societe-generale-merges-metals-units |url-status = dead |archive-date = 15 March 2012 |access-date = 2007-11-08 |date = 1 January 1990 |work = American Metal Market}}{{deep link needed|date=July 2018}}</ref> The much enlarged company was initially renamed Acec-Union Minière<ref name="Ferdinand" /> (although the prefix was dropped in 1992)<ref>{{cite news |title = Union-Miniere cuts away Acec prefix |url = http://business.highbeam.com/436402/article-1G1-12265575/unionminiere-cuts-away-acec-prefix |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120315121152/http://business.highbeam.com/436402/article-1G1-12265575/unionminiere-cuts-away-acec-prefix |url-status = dead |archive-date = 15 March 2012 |access-date = 2008-01-09 |date = 20 May 1992 |work = American Metal Market |publisher=[[HighBeam Research]]}}</ref> and subsequently set about streamlining its organisational structure, but the global economic downturn of the early-to-mid-1990s hit [[profit (accounting)|profit]]s<ref name="Gale" /> and forced management to implement a major [[restructuring]] programme in 1995.<ref name="plan">{{cite press release |title=Significant improvement of the current profit |publisher=Umicore |date=21 March 1996|url=http://www.investorrelations.umicore.com/en/newsPublications/pressReleases/1996/results95210396_E.pdf |access-date = 2007-11-08}}</ref> The three-year plan, implemented under the guidance of recently appointed [[chief executive officer|CEO]] [[Karel Vinck]],<ref>{{cite news |title = Union Miniere names Leysen |url = http://business.highbeam.com/436402/article-1G1-55853105/union-miniere-names-leysen |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120315121156/http://business.highbeam.com/436402/article-1G1-55853105/union-miniere-names-leysen |url-status = dead |archive-date = 15 March 2012 |access-date = 2008-01-09 |date = 16 September 1999 |work = American Metal Market}}</ref> involved the loss of around 25% of Union Minière's workforce<ref name="AR1998">{{cite web |url=http://www.investorrelations.umicore.com/en/newsPublications/resultsReports/1998YR/AR98_EN.pdf |access-date=2007-11-08 |title=Annual Report 1998 |publisher=Umicore}}</ref> and the sale of a number of [[Core business|non-core]] assets, including a zinc wire operation,<ref name="AR1998" /> [[France|French]] roofing material [[retailing|retailer]] Asturienne<ref name="AR1998" /> and much of the company's exposure to the [[diamond]] products sector (including {{ill|Diamant Boart|nl}}).<ref>{{cite press release |title = Diamant Boart, a subsidiary of Union Minière, to be acquired by Candover |publisher = Umicore |date = 28 June 1999| url = http://www.investorrelations.umicore.com/en/newsPublications/pressReleases/1999/Diamantboart_E.pdf | access-date = 2007-11-08}}</ref>


==Operations==
==Operations==
Umicore now "generates the majority of its revenues from [[clean technologies]], such as [[recycling]], [[Vehicle emissions control|emission control]] [[Catalytic converter|catalysts]], materials for [[rechargeable batteries]], and [[photovoltaics]]". It is ranked as one of [[The Global 100]]'s "Most Sustainable Companies in the World"; in 2013 it was the top-ranked company and in 2014 it was in ninth place.<ref>{{cite news|author1=Jacquelyn Smith|title=The World's Most Sustainable Companies Of 2014|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jacquelynsmith/2014/01/22/the-worlds-most-sustainable-companies-of-2014/|work=Forbes|date=22 January 2014}}</ref><ref name=About>{{cite web|title=About us|url=http://www.umicore.com/en/vision/about-us/|website=Umicore|accessdate=11 December 2014}}</ref> In 2011, the company was awarded with the Fray International Sustainability Award for developing breakthrough technologies for recycling lithium-ion batteries, and establishing significant environmental protection initiatives.<ref>{{cite web|title=Umicore is awarded the Fray International Sustainability Award in Mexico|url=http://www.flogen.org/awards.php?spage=2&sp=2&sp2=Umicore_Belgium_USA_SIPS2011|website=www.flogen.org|publisher=FLOGEN Star OUTREACH|language=en}}</ref>
Umicore now "generates the majority of its revenues from [[clean technologies]], such as [[recycling]], [[Vehicle emissions control|emission control]] [[Catalytic converter|catalysts]], materials for [[rechargeable batteries]], and [[photovoltaics]]". It is ranked as one of [[The Global 100]]'s "Most Sustainable Companies in the World"; in 2013 it was the top-ranked company and in 2014 it was in ninth place.<ref>{{cite news|author1=Jacquelyn Smith|title=The World's Most Sustainable Companies Of 2014|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jacquelynsmith/2014/01/22/the-worlds-most-sustainable-companies-of-2014/|work=Forbes|date=22 January 2014}}</ref><ref name=About>{{cite web|title=About us|url=http://www.umicore.com/en/vision/about-us/|website=Umicore|access-date=11 December 2014}}</ref> In 2011, the company was awarded with the Fray International Sustainability Award for developing breakthrough technologies for recycling lithium-ion batteries, and establishing significant environmental protection initiatives.<ref>{{cite web|title=Umicore is awarded the Fray International Sustainability Award in Mexico|url=http://www.flogen.org/awards.php?spage=2&sp=2&sp2=Umicore_Belgium_USA_SIPS2011|website=www.flogen.org|publisher=FLOGEN Star OUTREACH|language=en}}</ref>


Mining, originally the lifeblood of the company, no longer plays a direct part in the business: a minority stake in [[zinc]] producer [[Padaeng Industry]], which operates a mine in the north of [[Thailand]], was Umicore's last remaining presence in the sector<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.communityrelations.umicore.com/en/group/show_HumanRightsMiningOperations.pdf |accessdate=2007-11-09 |title=Umicore human rights guidelines for mining operations |publisher=Umicore |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071025053135/http://www.communityrelations.umicore.com/en/group/show_HumanRightsMiningOperations.pdf <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2007-10-25}}</ref> and was sold in April 2008.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKL0446126420080404|title=Umicore sells shareholding in Padaeng|last=Lawsky|first=David|date=4 April 2008|work=[[Reuters]]|accessdate=28 March 2010}}</ref> Umicore's [[copper]] extraction and refining operations were [[divestment|divested]] in 2005, with its zinc refining operations following in 2007; these now form part of [[Aurubis]] and [[Nyrstar]] respectively.
Mining, originally the lifeblood of the company, no longer plays a direct part in the business: a minority stake in [[zinc]] producer [[Padaeng Industry]], which operates a mine in the north of [[Thailand]], was Umicore's last remaining presence in the sector<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.communityrelations.umicore.com/en/group/show_HumanRightsMiningOperations.pdf |access-date=2007-11-09 |title=Umicore human rights guidelines for mining operations |publisher=Umicore |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071025053135/http://www.communityrelations.umicore.com/en/group/show_HumanRightsMiningOperations.pdf <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 2007-10-25}}</ref> and was sold in April 2008.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKL0446126420080404|title=Umicore sells shareholding in Padaeng|last=Lawsky|first=David|date=4 April 2008|work=[[Reuters]]|access-date=28 March 2010}}</ref> Umicore's [[copper]] extraction and refining operations were [[divestment|divested]] in 2005, with its zinc refining operations following in 2007; these now form part of [[Aurubis]] and [[Nyrstar]] respectively.


===Business divisions===
===Business divisions===
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====Recycling====
====Recycling====
[[Image:Umicore Hoboken 2.jpg|thumb|right|Umicore's precious metals facility in [[Hoboken, Antwerp|Hoboken]], [[Belgium]].]]
[[Image:Umicore Hoboken 2.jpg|thumb|right|Umicore's precious metals facility in [[Hoboken, Antwerp|Hoboken]], [[Belgium]].]]
The Recycling business segment covers four main activities: its core business is the [[recycling]] and [[Refining (metallurgy)|refining]] of various [[precious metals|precious]] and other [[Ferrous and non-ferrous metals|non-ferrous metals]], as well as certain [[nonmetal]]s such as [[selenium]].<ref name="PMS">{{cite web |url=http://www.preciousmetals.umicore.com/home/ |accessdate=2007-12-31 |title=Precious Metals Refining |publisher=Umicore |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071203003503/http://www.preciousmetals.umicore.com/home/ |archivedate = 2007-12-03}}</ref> Umicore is the world's largest recycler of precious metals.<ref>{{cite news |last = Morarjee |first = Rachel |title = Rising wood prices hit Europe's papermakers |url = http://us.ft.com/ftgateway/superpage.ft?news_id=fto101520071502308489&page=2 |accessdate = 2007-12-31 |date = 15 October 2007 |work = [[Financial Times]] }}{{Dead link|date=May 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Most of the materials (around two-thirds in terms of refining charges)<ref name="AR2006">{{cite web |url=http://www.easybcom.com/ex/Umicore/RA/ra2006uk/pdf/ra2006uk.pdf |accessdate=2007-11-01 |title=Annual Report 2006 |publisher=Umicore }}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}</ref> put through the refining process are [[by-product]]s from the production of non-ferrous metals, such as [[dross]], [[Matte (metallurgy)|matte]], and [[speiss]] from the [[zinc smelting]] industry and [[anode]] sludge built up during [[electrolysis]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rawmaterials.umicore.com/industrialByProducts/industrial_byproducts.html |accessdate=2007-12-31 |title=Raw Materials Refining: Industrial By-Products |publisher=Umicore |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071009092822/http://www.rawmaterials.umicore.com/industrialByProducts/industrial_byproducts.html |archivedate = 2007-10-09}}</ref> Other sources of materials used for recycling include [[slag]], spent [[fuel cell]]s, [[Catalytic converter|automotive]] and industrial [[catalysis|catalysts]] and [[scrap]] electronic equipment.<ref name="PMS" /> Production is headquartered at Umicore's precious metals facility in [[Hoboken, Antwerp|Hoboken]] near [[Antwerp]], with other [[physical plant|plants]] in [[Germany]] and the [[United States]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.umicore.com/en/addressbook/?porganisationid=6 |access-date=2007-12-31 |title=Umicore Address Book: Precious Metals Refining |publisher=Umicore |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071105014345/http://www.umicore.com/en/addressbook/?porganisationid=6 |archive-date=5 November 2007}}</ref>
The Recycling business segment covers four main activities: its core business is the [[recycling]] and [[Refining (metallurgy)|refining]] of various [[precious metals|precious]] and other [[Ferrous and non-ferrous metals|non-ferrous metals]], as well as certain [[nonmetal]]s such as [[selenium]].<ref name="PMS">{{cite web |url=http://www.preciousmetals.umicore.com/home/ |access-date=2007-12-31 |title=Precious Metals Refining |publisher=Umicore |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071203003503/http://www.preciousmetals.umicore.com/home/ |archive-date = 2007-12-03}}</ref> Umicore is the world's largest recycler of precious metals.<ref>{{cite news |last = Morarjee |first = Rachel |title = Rising wood prices hit Europe's papermakers |url = http://us.ft.com/ftgateway/superpage.ft?news_id=fto101520071502308489&page=2 |access-date = 2007-12-31 |date = 15 October 2007 |work = [[Financial Times]] }}{{Dead link|date=May 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Most of the materials (around two-thirds in terms of refining charges)<ref name="AR2006">{{cite web |url=http://www.easybcom.com/ex/Umicore/RA/ra2006uk/pdf/ra2006uk.pdf |access-date=2007-11-01 |title=Annual Report 2006 |publisher=Umicore }}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}</ref> put through the refining process are [[by-product]]s from the production of non-ferrous metals, such as [[dross]], [[Matte (metallurgy)|matte]], and [[speiss]] from the [[zinc smelting]] industry and [[anode]] sludge built up during [[electrolysis]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rawmaterials.umicore.com/industrialByProducts/industrial_byproducts.html |access-date=2007-12-31 |title=Raw Materials Refining: Industrial By-Products |publisher=Umicore |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071009092822/http://www.rawmaterials.umicore.com/industrialByProducts/industrial_byproducts.html |archive-date = 2007-10-09}}</ref> Other sources of materials used for recycling include [[slag]], spent [[fuel cell]]s, [[Catalytic converter|automotive]] and industrial [[catalysis|catalysts]] and [[scrap]] electronic equipment.<ref name="PMS" /> Production is headquartered at Umicore's precious metals facility in [[Hoboken, Antwerp|Hoboken]] near [[Antwerp]], with other [[physical plant|plants]] in [[Germany]] and the [[United States]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.umicore.com/en/addressbook/?porganisationid=6 |access-date=2007-12-31 |title=Umicore Address Book: Precious Metals Refining |publisher=Umicore |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071105014345/http://www.umicore.com/en/addressbook/?porganisationid=6 |archive-date=5 November 2007}}</ref>


[[Battery recycling|Battery Recycling]] is a second business unit, focused on the recycling of spent rechargeable batteries from laptops, [[mobile phone]]s, and [[hybrid electric vehicle]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://pmr.umicore.com/en/batteries/our-recycling-process/ |title= Our recycling process |work= pmr.umicore.com |access-date= 2017-05-15 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170515043650/http://pmr.umicore.com/en/batteries/our-recycling-process |archive-date= 15 May 2017 |url-status= dead}}</ref>
[[Battery recycling|Battery Recycling]] is a second business unit, focused on the recycling of spent rechargeable batteries from laptops, [[mobile phone]]s, and [[hybrid electric vehicle]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://pmr.umicore.com/en/batteries/our-recycling-process/ |title= Our recycling process |work= pmr.umicore.com |access-date= 2017-05-15 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170515043650/http://pmr.umicore.com/en/batteries/our-recycling-process |archive-date= 15 May 2017 |url-status= dead}}</ref>
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Jewellery and Industrial Metals produces [[Semi-finished casting products|semi-finished]] precious metals-based products, for [[jewellery]] and industrial applications and is a major recycler of [[scrap]] and residues from the jewellery industry.
Jewellery and Industrial Metals produces [[Semi-finished casting products|semi-finished]] precious metals-based products, for [[jewellery]] and industrial applications and is a major recycler of [[scrap]] and residues from the jewellery industry.


The Recycling segment, based in [[Hanau]], Germany, also encompasses a management unit, which sells precious metals in [[ingot]] form to industrial clients and offers access to related financial instruments for [[Hedge (finance)|hedging]] purposes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.metalsmanagement.umicore.com/en/ |accessdate=2007-12-31 |title=Precious Metals Management |publisher=Umicore}}</ref>
The Recycling segment, based in [[Hanau]], Germany, also encompasses a management unit, which sells precious metals in [[ingot]] form to industrial clients and offers access to related financial instruments for [[Hedge (finance)|hedging]] purposes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.metalsmanagement.umicore.com/en/ |access-date=2007-12-31 |title=Precious Metals Management |publisher=Umicore}}</ref>


====Catalysis====
====Catalysis====
Umicore's third business segment, its largest in terms of revenue,<ref name=AR2010 /> is composed of two subdivisions, Automotive Catalysts and Precious Metals Chemistry. In [[catalytic converter|automotive catalysts]], a field in which the company had begun research in 1968,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.automotivecatalysts.com/ |accessdate=2008-01-08 |title=Automotive Catalysts |publisher=Umicore}}</ref> the company ranks third in global market share<ref>{{cite news |last = Marsh |first=Peter |title=Umicore discovers the catalyst for growth |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/10f8188e-3335-11dc-a9e8-0000779fd2ac.html?nclick_check=1 |accessdate = 2008-06-27 |date = 16 July 2007 |work = [[Financial Times]]}}</ref> behind [[BASF|BASF Catalysts]] (formerly [[Engelhard]]) and [[Johnson Matthey]]. Umicore increased its presence in the sector with the June 2007 purchase of the catalyst division of troubled American [[List of auto parts|auto parts]] manufacturer [[Delphi (auto parts)|Delphi]] for $55.6 million.<ref>{{cite news |title = Umicore acquires Delphi's automotive catalyst business for 55.6 mln usd |url = https://www.forbes.com/markets/feeds/afx/2007/06/06/afx3792810.html |accessdate = 2008-04-10 |date = 6 June 2007 |publisher = [[Forbes]] |work = [[AFX News]] }} {{Dead link|date=September 2013|bot=RjwilmsiBot}}</ref>
Umicore's third business segment, its largest in terms of revenue,<ref name=AR2010 /> is composed of two subdivisions, Automotive Catalysts and Precious Metals Chemistry. In [[catalytic converter|automotive catalysts]], a field in which the company had begun research in 1968,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.automotivecatalysts.com/ |access-date=2008-01-08 |title=Automotive Catalysts |publisher=Umicore}}</ref> the company ranks third in global market share<ref>{{cite news |last = Marsh |first=Peter |title=Umicore discovers the catalyst for growth |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/10f8188e-3335-11dc-a9e8-0000779fd2ac.html?nclick_check=1 |access-date = 2008-06-27 |date = 16 July 2007 |work = [[Financial Times]]}}</ref> behind [[BASF|BASF Catalysts]] (formerly [[Engelhard]]) and [[Johnson Matthey]]. Umicore increased its presence in the sector with the June 2007 purchase of the catalyst division of troubled American [[List of auto parts|auto parts]] manufacturer [[Delphi (auto parts)|Delphi]] for $55.6 million.<ref>{{cite news |title = Umicore acquires Delphi's automotive catalyst business for 55.6 mln usd |url = https://www.forbes.com/markets/feeds/afx/2007/06/06/afx3792810.html |access-date = 2008-04-10 |date = 6 June 2007 |publisher = [[Forbes]] |work = [[AFX News]] }} {{Dead link|date=September 2013|bot=RjwilmsiBot}}</ref>


====Performance Materials====
====Performance Materials====
Line 74: Line 74:


{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;" align="center"
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;" align="center"
|+Umicore N.V. financial results.<ref name=AR2010 /><ref name="AR2009">{{cite web |url=http://www.investorrelations.umicore.com/en/newsPublications/pressReleases/2010/2009FY_Pressrelease_EN.pdf |accessdate=2010-03-28 |title=Annual Results 2009 |publisher=Umicore}}</ref><ref name="AR2007">{{cite web |url=http://www.investorrelations.umicore.com/en/newsPublications/resultsReports/2007YR/Umi_AR2007_EN.pdf |accessdate=2008-05-01 |title=Annual Report 2007 |publisher=Umicore}}</ref><ref name="AR2008">{{cite web |url=http://www.investorrelations.umicore.com/en/newsPublications/resultsReports/2008YR/AR2008_EN.pdf |accessdate=2008-05-25 |title=Annual Report 2008 |publisher=Umicore}}</ref>
|+Umicore N.V. financial results.<ref name=AR2010 /><ref name="AR2009">{{cite web |url=http://www.investorrelations.umicore.com/en/newsPublications/pressReleases/2010/2009FY_Pressrelease_EN.pdf |access-date=2010-03-28 |title=Annual Results 2009 |publisher=Umicore}}</ref><ref name="AR2007">{{cite web |url=http://www.investorrelations.umicore.com/en/newsPublications/resultsReports/2007YR/Umi_AR2007_EN.pdf |access-date=2008-05-01 |title=Annual Report 2007 |publisher=Umicore}}</ref><ref name="AR2008">{{cite web |url=http://www.investorrelations.umicore.com/en/newsPublications/resultsReports/2008YR/AR2008_EN.pdf |access-date=2008-05-25 |title=Annual Report 2008 |publisher=Umicore}}</ref>
! Year ended
! Year ended
! [[Revenue]] (€&nbsp;million)
! [[Revenue]] (€&nbsp;million)
Line 131: Line 131:


===Shareholder structure===
===Shareholder structure===
At 9 February 2011, five institutions had declared holdings of 3% or greater in Umicore: the company itself in [[treasury stock]] (6.19%), [[Fidelity International]] (6.75%), [[BlackRock]] (8.33%), [[Ameriprise Financial]] (3.00%) and [[Fidelity Management and Research]] (3.22%). The implied [[float (finance)|free float]] of the company is 100%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.investorrelations.umicore.com/en/shareInformation/shareholderStructure/ |accessdate=22 April 2011 |title=Shareholder structure |publisher=Umicore}}</ref>
At 9 February 2011, five institutions had declared holdings of 3% or greater in Umicore: the company itself in [[treasury stock]] (6.19%), [[Fidelity International]] (6.75%), [[BlackRock]] (8.33%), [[Ameriprise Financial]] (3.00%) and [[Fidelity Management and Research]] (3.22%). The implied [[float (finance)|free float]] of the company is 100%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.investorrelations.umicore.com/en/shareInformation/shareholderStructure/ |access-date=22 April 2011 |title=Shareholder structure |publisher=Umicore}}</ref>


==Sponsorship==
==Sponsorship==
[[Image:Umicar Infinity.jpg|thumb|right|The Umicore-sponsored Umicar Infinity, participating in the 2007 [[World Solar Challenge]].]]
[[Image:Umicar Infinity.jpg|thumb|right|The Umicore-sponsored Umicar Infinity, participating in the 2007 [[World Solar Challenge]].]]


The company serves as title sponsor of the {{ill|Agoria Solar Team|nl}}, the [[Leuven]]-based entrant in the 2005, 2007 and 2009 editions of the [[World Solar Challenge]], a [[Solar car|solar-powered car]] race through the [[Outback|Australian Outback]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.solarteam.be/en/ |accessdate=2009-05-23 |title=Umicore Solar Team Blog |publisher=Umicore Solar Team}}</ref> The germanium [[Wafer (electronics)|substrates]] in the car's [[solar cell]]s were also provided by Umicore. The team finished in second in the 2007 race.<ref>{{cite news |title = Dutch solar-powered car, Nuna4, shines in Outback race |url = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article2748912.ece |accessdate = 2008-03-12 |date = 27 October 2007 |work = [[The Times]] | location=London}}</ref>
The company serves as title sponsor of the {{ill|Agoria Solar Team|nl}}, the [[Leuven]]-based entrant in the 2005, 2007 and 2009 editions of the [[World Solar Challenge]], a [[Solar car|solar-powered car]] race through the [[Outback|Australian Outback]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.solarteam.be/en/ |access-date=2009-05-23 |title=Umicore Solar Team Blog |publisher=Umicore Solar Team}}</ref> The germanium [[Wafer (electronics)|substrates]] in the car's [[solar cell]]s were also provided by Umicore. The team finished in second in the 2007 race.<ref>{{cite news |title = Dutch solar-powered car, Nuna4, shines in Outback race |url = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article2748912.ece |access-date = 2008-03-12 |date = 27 October 2007 |work = [[The Times]] | location=London}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 15:53, 3 January 2021

Umicore N.V.
Company typeNaamloze vennootschap
Euronext: UMI
BEL 20 component
ISINBE0974320526 Edit this on Wikidata
IndustryMetals and Mining
Founded1989
HeadquartersBrussels, Belgium
Key people
Marc Grynberg (CEO)
Thomas Leysen (Chairman)
ProductsRefining and management of precious metals, catalysts and other precious metal products, zinc chemicals and specialty materials, electro-optic and electronic materials
Revenue€11.9 billion (2017)[1]
€524.1 million (2012)[2]
€372.1 million (2012)[2]
Total assets€3.512 billion (end 2010)[2]
Total equity€1.575 billion (end 2010)[2]
Number of employees
10,224 (2018)[3]
Websitewww.umicore.com

Umicore N.V.. formerly Union Minière, is a multinational materials technology company headquartered in Brussels, Belgium.

Formed in 1989 by the merger of four companies in the mining and smelting industries, Umicore has since reshaped itself into a more technology-focused business encompassing such areas as the refining and recycling of precious metals and the manufacture of specialised products from precious metals, cobalt, germanium, zinc, and other metals. The company has been a component of Belgium's benchmark BEL20 stock market index since its 1991 inception.[4]

To symbolise this trend of moving away from mining and the production of commodities and base metals, the group Union Minière changed its name to Umicore in 2001.[5]

History

Colonial origins

Factories operated by the Union Minière du Haut Katanga in Lubumbashi, Congo Free State, 1917.
Main article: Union Minière du Haut Katanga

The main thread running through much of Umicore's history is the Union Minière du Haut Katanga (UMHK), a company incorporated in 1906[6] to exploit the vast natural resources of the Congo Free State, later the Belgian Congo and now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Initially the UMHK concentrated on mining the state's extensive copper deposits, before diversifying into cobalt, tin, uranium (in which it at one point held a near-monopoly in global supply) and other precious metals. The company also constructed casting and smelting facilities,[7] eventually growing to such an extent that it represented around half of all revenues taken in by the Congolese government. In early January 1967, the UMHK was nationalized by the regime of President Mobutu Sese Seko,[8] and over $800 million of the company's assets were seized by the state.[9]

After Katanga

The firm suddenly found itself without the vast majority of its business (despite later receiving financial compensation for the physical assets seized by Mobutu's regime)[10] but managed to survive: full ownership passed to conglomerate Société Générale de Belgique, where it was grouped with its other metals and mining interests.[7] As a reflection of its enforced departure from the Katanga Province, the new, simplified name Union Minière was adopted.[7] With its more European focus, Union Minière began to grow its business again through the 1980s, initially largely organically. In 1989 however, Société Générale announced plans to merge Union Minière with three other Belgian metals companies in which it held a significant stake: zinc producer Vieille Montagne (with a history stretching back to 1805); Metallurgie Hoboken-Overpelt [nl], which dealt in a wide range of metals including copper, cobalt, and lead; and Mechim, an engineering firm.[11] The much enlarged company was initially renamed Acec-Union Minière[11] (although the prefix was dropped in 1992)[12] and subsequently set about streamlining its organisational structure, but the global economic downturn of the early-to-mid-1990s hit profits[7] and forced management to implement a major restructuring programme in 1995.[13] The three-year plan, implemented under the guidance of recently appointed CEO Karel Vinck,[14] involved the loss of around 25% of Union Minière's workforce[15] and the sale of a number of non-core assets, including a zinc wire operation,[15] French roofing material retailer Asturienne[15] and much of the company's exposure to the diamond products sector (including Diamant Boart [nl]).[16]

Operations

Umicore now "generates the majority of its revenues from clean technologies, such as recycling, emission control catalysts, materials for rechargeable batteries, and photovoltaics". It is ranked as one of The Global 100's "Most Sustainable Companies in the World"; in 2013 it was the top-ranked company and in 2014 it was in ninth place.[17][18] In 2011, the company was awarded with the Fray International Sustainability Award for developing breakthrough technologies for recycling lithium-ion batteries, and establishing significant environmental protection initiatives.[19]

Mining, originally the lifeblood of the company, no longer plays a direct part in the business: a minority stake in zinc producer Padaeng Industry, which operates a mine in the north of Thailand, was Umicore's last remaining presence in the sector[20] and was sold in April 2008.[21] Umicore's copper extraction and refining operations were divested in 2005, with its zinc refining operations following in 2007; these now form part of Aurubis and Nyrstar respectively.

Business divisions

The company divides its operations into four divisions: Energy Materials, Recycling, Catalysis, and Performance Materials.

Energy Materials

The Energy Materials division manufactures a range of specialised metal and metalloid products for industrial use, including fine metal powders for diamond and hard metal tools, as well as oxides and salts of cobalt, lithium and nickel for use in batteries, glass and ceramics.[22] The division also produces and markets products of germanium, both in compounds for doping optical fibres, semiconductor wafers and infrared optics.[22] The unit is headquartered at the company's plant in Olen near Antwerp, with production and commercial facilities in a number of countries worldwide.[23]

Recycling

Umicore's precious metals facility in Hoboken, Belgium.

The Recycling business segment covers four main activities: its core business is the recycling and refining of various precious and other non-ferrous metals, as well as certain nonmetals such as selenium.[24] Umicore is the world's largest recycler of precious metals.[25] Most of the materials (around two-thirds in terms of refining charges)[26] put through the refining process are by-products from the production of non-ferrous metals, such as dross, matte, and speiss from the zinc smelting industry and anode sludge built up during electrolysis.[27] Other sources of materials used for recycling include slag, spent fuel cells, automotive and industrial catalysts and scrap electronic equipment.[24] Production is headquartered at Umicore's precious metals facility in Hoboken near Antwerp, with other plants in Germany and the United States.[28]

Battery Recycling is a second business unit, focused on the recycling of spent rechargeable batteries from laptops, mobile phones, and hybrid electric vehicles.[29]

Jewellery and Industrial Metals produces semi-finished precious metals-based products, for jewellery and industrial applications and is a major recycler of scrap and residues from the jewellery industry.

The Recycling segment, based in Hanau, Germany, also encompasses a management unit, which sells precious metals in ingot form to industrial clients and offers access to related financial instruments for hedging purposes.[30]

Catalysis

Umicore's third business segment, its largest in terms of revenue,[2] is composed of two subdivisions, Automotive Catalysts and Precious Metals Chemistry. In automotive catalysts, a field in which the company had begun research in 1968,[31] the company ranks third in global market share[32] behind BASF Catalysts (formerly Engelhard) and Johnson Matthey. Umicore increased its presence in the sector with the June 2007 purchase of the catalyst division of troubled American auto parts manufacturer Delphi for $55.6 million.[33]

Performance Materials

Performance Materials concentrates on the production of specialised items, chiefly from precious metals and zinc. There are five business units:

It also comprises a 40% shareholding in Element Six Abrasives, a joint venture with De Beers.

Financial information

Breakdown of Umicore's 2010 revenues by division.
Umicore N.V. financial results.[2][34][35][36]
Year ended Revenue (€ million) Earnings before interest and taxes (€m) Net profit (€m) Earnings per share (€)
2010 2,000 324.0 248.7 2.20
2009 1,723 141.2 73.8 0.66
2008 2,124 247.7 222.5 1.06
2007 1,910 334.4 225.7 1.78
2006 1,685 313.6 218.3 1.70
2005 1,725 183.7 151.5 1.19
2004 1,693 269.5 174.3 1.36
2003 1,358 106.5 89.6 0.79

Shareholder structure

At 9 February 2011, five institutions had declared holdings of 3% or greater in Umicore: the company itself in treasury stock (6.19%), Fidelity International (6.75%), BlackRock (8.33%), Ameriprise Financial (3.00%) and Fidelity Management and Research (3.22%). The implied free float of the company is 100%.[37]

Sponsorship

The Umicore-sponsored Umicar Infinity, participating in the 2007 World Solar Challenge.

The company serves as title sponsor of the Agoria Solar Team [nl], the Leuven-based entrant in the 2005, 2007 and 2009 editions of the World Solar Challenge, a solar-powered car race through the Australian Outback.[38] The germanium substrates in the car's solar cells were also provided by Umicore. The team finished in second in the 2007 race.[39]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Umicore (UMI.BR) stock price, revenue, and financials".
  2. ^ a b c d e f "KeyFacts Figures". Umicore. Archived from the original on 16 April 2013.
  3. ^ "Umicore Company Profile".
  4. ^ "Euronext Brussels BEL 20 - Historical composition". Euronext. Archived from the original on 7 January 2008. Retrieved 31 December 2007.
  5. ^ "The Name is New but the Commitment Remains", Materials - The Umicore customer magazine (PDF), December 2002. Accessed 1 March 2016.
  6. ^ "About us: Short history". Umicore. Archived from the original on 30 November 2007. Retrieved 3 November 2007.
  7. ^ a b c d Cohen, M.L. (2006). "Umicore". International Directory of Company Histories. The Gale Group. Retrieved 3 November 2007.
  8. ^ "Crisis Over Copper". Time. 13 January 1967. Retrieved 4 November 2007.
  9. ^ Farnsworth, Clyde H. (4 January 1967). "Union Miniere Values Its Assets Seized by Congo at $800-Million". The New York Times. Retrieved 4 November 2007.
  10. ^ "Congolese to Pay for Seized Assets; Kinshasa Reaches Pact With Union Miniere of Belgium". The New York Times. 26 September 1969. Retrieved 4 November 2007.
  11. ^ a b Ferdinand, Pamela (1 January 1990). "Societe Generale merges metals units". American Metal Market. Archived from the original on 15 March 2012. Retrieved 8 November 2007.[Link to precise page]
  12. ^ "Union-Miniere cuts away Acec prefix". American Metal Market. HighBeam Research. 20 May 1992. Archived from the original on 15 March 2012. Retrieved 9 January 2008.
  13. ^ "Significant improvement of the current profit" (PDF) (Press release). Umicore. 21 March 1996. Retrieved 8 November 2007.
  14. ^ "Union Miniere names Leysen". American Metal Market. 16 September 1999. Archived from the original on 15 March 2012. Retrieved 9 January 2008.
  15. ^ a b c "Annual Report 1998" (PDF). Umicore. Retrieved 8 November 2007.
  16. ^ "Diamant Boart, a subsidiary of Union Minière, to be acquired by Candover" (PDF) (Press release). Umicore. 28 June 1999. Retrieved 8 November 2007.
  17. ^ Jacquelyn Smith (22 January 2014). "The World's Most Sustainable Companies Of 2014". Forbes.
  18. ^ "About us". Umicore. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
  19. ^ "Umicore is awarded the Fray International Sustainability Award in Mexico". www.flogen.org. FLOGEN Star OUTREACH.
  20. ^ "Umicore human rights guidelines for mining operations" (PDF). Umicore. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 October 2007. Retrieved 9 November 2007.
  21. ^ Lawsky, David (4 April 2008). "Umicore sells shareholding in Padaeng". Reuters. Retrieved 28 March 2010.
  22. ^ a b "About us: Advanced Materials". Umicore. Archived from the original on 2 March 2008. Retrieved 9 November 2007.
  23. ^ "Advanced Materials Worldwide". Umicore. Archived from the original on 2 September 2007. Retrieved 9 November 2007.
  24. ^ a b "Precious Metals Refining". Umicore. Archived from the original on 3 December 2007. Retrieved 31 December 2007.
  25. ^ Morarjee, Rachel (15 October 2007). "Rising wood prices hit Europe's papermakers". Financial Times. Retrieved 31 December 2007.[permanent dead link‍]
  26. ^ "Annual Report 2006" (PDF). Umicore. Retrieved 1 November 2007.[permanent dead link‍]
  27. ^ "Raw Materials Refining: Industrial By-Products". Umicore. Archived from the original on 9 October 2007. Retrieved 31 December 2007.
  28. ^ "Umicore Address Book: Precious Metals Refining". Umicore. Archived from the original on 5 November 2007. Retrieved 31 December 2007.
  29. ^ "Our recycling process". pmr.umicore.com. Archived from the original on 15 May 2017. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  30. ^ "Precious Metals Management". Umicore. Retrieved 31 December 2007.
  31. ^ "Automotive Catalysts". Umicore. Retrieved 8 January 2008.
  32. ^ Marsh, Peter (16 July 2007). "Umicore discovers the catalyst for growth". Financial Times. Retrieved 27 June 2008.
  33. ^ "Umicore acquires Delphi's automotive catalyst business for 55.6 mln usd". AFX News. Forbes. 6 June 2007. Retrieved 10 April 2008. [dead link‍]
  34. ^ "Annual Results 2009" (PDF). Umicore. Retrieved 28 March 2010.
  35. ^ "Annual Report 2007" (PDF). Umicore. Retrieved 1 May 2008.
  36. ^ "Annual Report 2008" (PDF). Umicore. Retrieved 25 May 2008.
  37. ^ "Shareholder structure". Umicore. Retrieved 22 April 2011.
  38. ^ "Umicore Solar Team Blog". Umicore Solar Team. Retrieved 23 May 2009.
  39. ^ "Dutch solar-powered car, Nuna4, shines in Outback race". The Times. London. 27 October 2007. Retrieved 12 March 2008.

Further reading

  • Brion, René; Moreau, Jean-Louis (2006). De la mine à Mars: la genèse d'Umicore. Tielt: Lannoo. ISBN 90-209-6656-1.
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