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Richard Garriott

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Richard Garriott
Born
Richard Allen Garriott

(1961-07-04) July 4, 1961 (age 63)
Cambridge, England
CitizenshipAmerican, British[1]
OccupationVideo game developer
Known forUltima series
Origin Systems
Private astronaut
Spouse
​
​
(m. 2011)​
Children2
Parents
RelativesRobert Garriott (brother)
AwardsAIAS Hall of Fame Award (2006)[2]
Space career
Space Adventures private astronaut
Time in space
11d 20h 35m
MissionsSoyuz TMA-13/TMA-12
Mission insignia
File:Soyuz-TMA-13-Mission-Patch.png File:Soyuz TMA-12 Patch.png

Richard Allen Garriott de Cayeux (né Garriott; born July 4, 1961) is an American video game developer and entrepreneur. Although both his parents were American, he maintains dual British and American citizenship by birth.[1]

Garriott, who is the son of NASA astronaut Owen Garriott, was originally a game designer and programmer, and is now involved in a number of aspects of computer-game development. On October 12, 2008, Garriott flew aboard the Soyuz TMA-13 mission to the International Space Station as a private astronaut,[3][4] returning 12 days later aboard Soyuz TMA-12. He became the second astronaut, and first from the United States, to have a parent who was also a space traveler. During his ISS flight, he filmed a science fiction movie Apogee of Fear.[5]

Garriott founded the video game development company Portalarium in 2009.[6] He was CEO and creative director of Shroud of the Avatar: Forsaken Virtues.[7] until 2018 when he shed the title,[8] later relinquishing all Shroud of the Avatar assets to Catnip Games in 2019.[9]

Early life

Richard Allen Garriott was born in Cambridge, England on 4 July 1961,[10][11] to Helen Mary (née Walker) Garriott (April 18, 1930 - September 5, 2017[12]) and Owen Garriott, one of NASA's first scientist-astronauts (selected in NASA Astronaut Group 4), who flew on Skylab 3 and Space Shuttle mission STS-9.[13][14] His parents had been high school sweethearts growing up in Enid, Oklahoma.[15]: 61  Although both his parents were Americans, Garriott claims dual citizenship for both the United States and Great Britain by birth.[1]

Garriott was raised in Nassau Bay, Texas from the age of about two months.[1][13] Since his childhood, he had dreamed of becoming a NASA astronaut like his father. Eyesight problems discovered at the age of 13 blocked his ambition, however, so he instead came to focus on computer game development.[16]

What Garriott later described as "my first real exposure to computers" occurred in 1975, during his freshman year of high school at Clear Creek High School. As he wanted more experience beyond the single one-semester BASIC class the school offered, and as a fan of The Lord of the Rings and Dungeons & Dragons, Garriott convinced the school to let him create a self-directed course in programming, in which he created fantasy computer games on the school's teletype machine.[17][18] Garriott later estimated that he wrote 28 computer fantasy games during high school.[11]

A common part of his game pseudonyms is "British". Garriott uses the name to this day for his various gaming characters, including Ultima character Lord British and Tabula Rasa character General British.[19][20] The name was given to him by his first Dungeons and Dragons friends because he was born in the UK.[21]

Game design career

Garriott began writing computer games in 1974. His first games were created on and for teletype terminals. The code was stored on paper tape spools and the game was displayed as an ongoing print-out on the spools of printer paper produced by teletype machines. In summer 1979, Garriott worked at a ComputerLand store where he first encountered Apple computers. Inspired by their video monitors with color graphics, he began to add perspective view to his own games. After he created Akalabeth for fun, the owner of the store convinced Garriott it might sell. Garriott spent US$200 printing copies of a manual and cover sheet that his mother had drawn, then put copies of the game in Ziploc bags, a common way to sell software in those days. Although Garriott sold fewer than a dozen copies of Akalabeth at the store, one copy made it to California Pacific Computer Company, which signed a deal with him. The game sold over 30,000 copies, and Garriott received $5 for each copy sold;[18][22][23] the $150,000 he earned was three times his father's astronaut salary.[24] Akalabeth is considered the first published computer role playing game.

Later that year, Garriott entered the University of Texas at Austin (UT), joined the school's fencing team and later joined the Society for Creative Anachronism. He created Ultima I while at the university, and published it through California Pacific. Its cover, and those of several subsequently Garriott games, was painted by Denis Loubet, whose art Garriott discovered during a visit to Steve Jackson Games.[25]

Garriott continued to develop the Ultima series of computer games in the early 1980s, eventually leaving UT to work on them full time.[18] Originally programmed for the Apple II, the Ultima series later became available on several platforms. Ultima II was published by Sierra On-Line, as they were the only company that would agree to publish it in a box together with a printed cloth map. By the time he developed Ultima III, Garriott, together with his brother Robert, their father Owen and Chuck Bueche established their own video game publisher, Origin Systems, to handle publishing and distribution, in part due to controversy with Sierra over royalties for the PC port of Ultima II.[26][27][10]

Garriott, dressed as his "Lord British" persona, at the 2018 Game Developers Conference

Garriott sold Origin Systems to Electronic Arts (EA) in September 1992 for $30 million.[28] In 1997, he coined the term massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG), giving a new identity to the nascent genre previously known as graphical MUDs.[29] In 1999 and 2000, EA canceled all of Origin's new development projects, including Privateer Online, and Harry Potter Online.[30][31] Garriott resigned from the company and formed Destination Games in April 2000 with his brother and Starr Long (the producer of Ultima Online). Once Garriott's non-compete agreement with EA expired a year later, Destination partnered with NCsoft where Garriott acted as a producer and designer of MMORPGs. After that, he became the CEO of NCsoft Austin, also known as NC Interactive.[citation needed]

Tabula Rasa failed to generate much money during its initial release, despite its seven-year development period. On November 11, 2008, in an open letter on the Tabula Rasa website, Garriott announced his plans to leave NCsoft to pursue new interests sparked by his spaceflight experiences. Later, however, Garriott claimed that the letter was forged as a means of forcing him out of his position and that he had had no intention of leaving.[32][failed verification – see discussion] Garriott reviewed and signed this announcement, but did not sign a resignation letter that had been drafted for him by NCSoft.[33] On November 24, 2008, NCsoft announced that it planned to end the live service of Tabula Rasa. The servers shut down on February 28, 2009, after a period of free play from January 10 onward for existing account holders.[34]

In July 2010, an Austin District Court awarded Garriott US$28 million in his lawsuit against NCsoft, finding that the company did not appropriately handle his departure in 2008. In October 2011, the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit affirmed the judgment.[35]

Garriott founded the company Portalarium in 2009, which developed Shroud of the Avatar: Forsaken Virtues, a spiritual successor to the Ultima series. Garriott remarked that had they been able to secure the intellectual property rights to Ultima from EA, the game could have become Ultima Online 2.[36][37][38][39] On March 8, 2013, Portalarium launched a Kickstarter campaign[40] for Shroud of the Avatar: Forsaken Virtues.[41] An early access version of the game was released on Steam in 2014, and the game was fully released in March 2018.[42][43]

Spaceflight

In 1983, Softline reported that "Garriott wants to go into space but doesn't see it happening in the predictable future ... He has frequently joked with his father about stowing away on a spaceship, and recently his speculations have been sounding uncomfortably realistic".[10] The income from the success of Garriott's video game career allowed him to pursue his interest in spaceflight, and the sale of Origin Systems allowed him to invest in Space Adventures and purchase the ticket to become the first private citizen to fly into space. However, Garriott suffered financial setbacks in 2001 after the dot-com bubble burst, and he was forced to sell his seat to Dennis Tito.[44]

Garriott says he then returned to making games in order to make more money, and once he had enough, he put down another non-refundable deposit to go into space. During the mandatory medical examination, they found he had a hemangioma on his liver, which could cause potentially fatal internal bleeding if there was a rapid depressurization of a spacecraft. Told he had to either give up his large deposit, or undergo life-threatening surgery, he decided to have the operation, and now has a 16-inch (41 cm) scar from it. He spent a year in Russia training before he launched into space.[44]

Richard Garriott (far right) aboard the ISS on October 23, 2008, with the MIT SPHERES Satellites.

On September 28, 2007, Space Adventures announced that Garriott would fly to the International Space Station in October 2008 as a self-funded private astronaut, reportedly paying US$30 million.[3][45] On October 12, 2008, Garriott became the second second-generation space traveler (after Sergei Volkov)[46][47] and the first offspring of an American astronaut to go into space,[3][46][48] and the second person to wear the British Union flag in space.[49] The Soyuz docked with the station on October 14. His father, Owen K. Garriott, was at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan for the launch of his son and was in attendance when a Soyuz capsule returned with his son twelve days later.[50]

Screen capture from Windows on Earth, used by Garriott on ISS to identify targets for Earth photography (Coast of Peru).

During his spaceflight, Garriott took part in several education outreach efforts. As a part of that outreach program he worked with the free Metro newspaper in London, which provided him with a special edition containing details of British primary school student's space experiment concepts which Garriott took to the ISS. The Metro has claimed as a result that it was the first newspaper in space.[51][52] He was an Amateur Radio Operator (call sign W5KWQ, now expired), and during his stay on the International Space Station (ISS), communicated with students and other Amateur Radio operators using Amateur Radio.[53] Garriott also transmitted photographs using the Amateur Radio on the International Space Station (ARISS) slow-scan television system. Garriott also placed a geocache while aboard the ISS.[54]

Garriott also worked with the Windows on Earth project, which provides an interactive, virtual view of Earth as seen from the ISS.[55] Garriott used Windows on Earth software to assist in the selection of locations on Earth to photograph, and the public were able to use the same online tool to track the ISS and see the view Garriott was experiencing out an ISS window. Garriott's photographs, along with images taken by his astronaut father Owen Garriott in 1973, will be available to the public through Windows on Earth, adding a personal element to studies of Earth and how Earth has changed over time.[55]

Garriott covertly smuggled a portion of the ashes of Star Trek actor James Doohan onto the ISS. The ashes were contained within a laminated card that Garriott placed under the floor cladding of the Columbus module. This action was kept secret until Christmas Day 2020 when Doohan's son made the fact public on his Twitter account. At the time of the reveal, Doohan's ashes had orbited the Earth more than 70,000 times and traveled more than 1.7 billion miles.

Tracy Hickman wrote a screenplay for Garriott, for the film Apogee of Fear.[56]

Garriott's film Apogee of Fear was the first fictional film ever created in space.[57]

On October 24, Russian cosmonauts of ISS Expedition 17, Sergei Volkov and Oleg Kononenko, along with private astronaut Richard Garriott, aboard Soyuz TMA-12 capsule, landed safely (ideal) at 09:36 (03:36GMT, 07:36 Moscow time), 55 miles north of Arkalyk, Kazakhstan. They were lifted to the Kazakhstan Baikonur space center by helicopter, and then flew to Zvezdny Gorodok (Star City), Moscow Region.[58][59][60][61]

On June 3, 2009, the New York Daily News announced that Garriott would officiate at the first wedding to be held in zero gravity.[62] The wedding took place in a specially modified Boeing 727-200 aircraft, G-Force One, operated by Zero Gravity Corporation, or ZERO-G, a company offering weightless flight experiences, of which he is the co-founder.[63]

In 2010 he was featured in a documentary, Man on a Mission: Richard Garriott's Road to the Stars, which covered his spaceflight training and mission into orbit.[64]

Other Exploration

In January 2021, Garriott was elected president of the Explorer's Club.[65]

In February 2021, Garriott traveled to the bottom of the Mariana Trench, the deepest oceanic trench on the planet, which made him the only person in the world to have visited space, both poles, and the lowest physical point on the planet. While there, as well as performing scientific duties, he placed a geocache, and recorded another short sci-fi film. This made him the holder of both altitude and depth records for these activities.

Other accomplishments and interests

In 1986, Garriott helped start the Challenger Center for Space Science Education with his high school science teacher, June Scobee Rodgers, widow of Challenger Shuttle Commander Dick Scobee, who piloted the ill-fated STS-51-L mission. Scobee Rodgers drew on Garriott's early leadership in gaming to help design what have become approximately 50 global interactive networked facilities, where students perform simulated space missions.[66]

Garriott bought the Luna 21 lander and the Lunokhod 2 rover (both currently on the lunar surface) from the Lavochkin Association for $68,500 in December 1993 at a Sotheby's auction in New York.[67] (The catalog incorrectly lists lot 68A as Luna 17/Lunokhod 1.[68]) Garriott notes that while UN treaties ban governmental ownership of property on other celestial bodies, corporations and private citizens retain such rights. Lunokhod 2 is still in use, with mirrors aligned to reflect lasers such that precise Earth-Moon distances can be measured. With his vehicle still in use, Garriott claims property rights to the territory surveyed by Lunokhod 2. This may be the first valid claim for private ownership of extraterrestrial territory.[69] Lunokhod 2 held the record for distance traveled on the surface of another planetary body until it was surpassed by NASA's Opportunity Rover in 2014.[70]

From 1988 through 1994 Garriott built a haunted house/museum each year at Britannia Manor, his residence in Austin, Texas. Garriott's haunted houses cost tens of thousands of dollars to create each year and took many months with a sizable team to construct, yet were free to the public.[71]

Garriott promotes private space flight and served as vice-chairman of the board of directors for Space Adventures. He is also a trustee of the X PRIZE Foundation.[72]

Garriott is a member of The James Caird Society "that exists to preserve the memory, honour the remarkable feats of discovery in the Antarctic and commend the outstanding qualities of leadership associated with the name of Sir Ernest Shackleton, KCVO (1874-1922), especially during the ill-fated but glorious Endurance Expedition."[citation needed]

Garriott participated in the first zero-G wedding on June 20, 2009, with his wife Laetitia Garriott de Cayeux.[73] They have two children.[citation needed]

Garriott wrote a memoir (with David Fisher) covering his accomplishments in games publishing and his spaceflight; entitled Explore/Create: My Life in Pursuit of New Frontiers, Hidden Worlds, and the Creative Spark, it was published on January 10, 2017.[citation needed]

Garriott was the inspiration for the character James Halliday in Ernest Cline's Ready Player One.[74]

Awards

Games

Game name First released Garriott's role(s)
Akalabeth: World of Doom 1979 Game designer & programmer
Ultima I: The First Age of Darkness 1981 Original conceptor, programmer & graphic artist
Ultima II: The Revenge of the Enchantress 1982 Game designer
Ultima III: Exodus 1983 Project director
Ultima IV: Quest of the Avatar 1985 Project director
Autoduel 1985 Programmer & designer
Ultima V: Warriors of Destiny 1988 Designer, writer & programmer
Omega 1989 Designer
Ultima VI: The False Prophet 1990 Designer, producer, sound effect worker, writer & voice actor
Worlds of Ultima: The Savage Empire 1990 Executive producer
Ultima: Worlds of Adventure 2: Martian Dreams 1991 Creative director
Ultima: Runes of Virtue 1991 Creative director
Ultima Underworld: The Stygian Abyss 1992 Director & voice actor
Ultima VII: The Black Gate 1992 Director & producer
Ultima VII: Forge of Virtue 1993 Creative assistance & producer
Ultima VII Part Two: Serpent Isle 1993 Creative director & audio team member
Ultima VII Part Two: The Silver Seed 1993 Director & voice actor
Ultima VIII: Pagan 1994 Producer
Ultima: Runes of Virtue II 1994 Creative director & additional design
Ultima VIII: The Lost Vale Cancelled Producer
BioForge 1995 Executive producer
Ultima Online 1997 Producer
Ultima Online: The Second Age 1998 Executive designer
Lineage 1998 Executive producer
Ultima IX: Ascension 1999 Director
Lineage II 2003 Executive producer
City of Heroes 2004 Executive producer
City of Villains 2005 Executive management
Tabula Rasa 2007 Creative director & executive producer
Shroud of the Avatar: Forsaken Virtues 2018 Creative director

References

  1. ^ a b c d "One on One With Richard 'Lord British' Garriott". PC Gamer. UK. August 2007. p. 11. Retrieved April 1, 2016. PCG: 'How did you come by the alias of Lord British? You're obviously not English. Richard Garriott: 'Actually, that's not true ... I am a British citizen. That said, I only lived there for about two months prior to moving to the States.'
  2. ^ "D.I.C.E Special Awards". Retrieved 22 January 2017.
  3. ^ a b c Mark Carreau (2008). "$30 million buys Austin resident a ride on Soyuz mission". The Houston Chronicle. Retrieved October 12, 2008.
  4. ^ Tariq Malik. "Former Astronaut's Son Signs on as Next Space Tourist". SPACE.com. Retrieved 2007-10-09.
  5. ^ Richard Garriott's "Apogee Of Fear," First Sci Fi Movie Ever Shot In Space, Fails To Launch, Huffington Post, January 14, 2012
  6. ^ About – Portalarium from official company website
  7. ^ Garriott de Cayeux, Richard. "By the way..." Google+. Archived from the original on 2017-04-14. Retrieved August 1, 2011.
  8. ^ Garriott de Cayeux, Richard. "Shroud of the Avatar's Richard Garriott sheds CEO title for Creative Director role". Massively Overpowered. Retrieved September 30, 2020.
  9. ^ "Catnip Games Acquires Shroud of the Avatar". Portalarium. Retrieved September 30, 2020.
  10. ^ a b c Durkee, David (Nov–Dec 1983). "Profiles in Programming / Lord British". Softline. p. 26. Retrieved 29 July 2014.
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  12. ^ Garriott Family (2017-09-05). Helen Mary Walker Garriott. Enid News, 5 September 2017. Retrieved on 2020-07-04 from https://obituaries.enidnews.com/obituary/helen-mary-garriott-972976051.
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  19. ^ King, Brad; John Borland (2003). Dungeons and Dreamers: The Rise of Computer Game Culture from Geek to Chic. McGraw-Hill. pp. 11–12. ISBN 0-07-222888-1.
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  22. ^ The Official Book of Ultima, page 8
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  24. ^ Bebergal, Peter. "The Computer Game That Led to Enlightenment". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2020-10-24.
  25. ^ Shannon Appelcline (2011). Designers & Dragons. Mongoose Publishing. p. 104. ISBN 978-1-907702-58-7.
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  29. ^ Safko, Ron; Brake, David (2009). The Social Media Bible: Tactics, Tools, and Strategies for Business Success. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-470-41155-1. Richard Garriott first coined the term MMORPG in 1997.
  30. ^ Linder, Brian (2001-05-10). "IGN: Harry Potter LEGO Redux". Retrieved 2007-04-28.
  31. ^ Matonis, Misty (2002-01-05). "When Kings Fall: Part II of II". Archived from the original on 2007-12-17. Retrieved 2007-04-28.
  32. ^ . 2009-05-20 https://web.archive.org/web/20090520224515/http://cdn2.libsyn.com/gamepolitics/Garriott-NCsoft-complaint.pdf?nvb=20090520223514&nva=20090521224514&t=0ffe5601febd3658ccd56. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-05-20. Retrieved 2019-07-23. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  33. ^ "Richard Garriott v. NCsoft Corporation | FindLaw". 21 October 2011. Later that day, NCsoft sent Garriott a press release announcing his departure to Tabula Rasa fans. Garriott reviewed and signed the announcement, which stated that 'I am leaving NCsoft to pursue [other] interests.'
  34. ^ Garriott, Richard (2008-11-11). "Richard Garriott's Tabula Rasa – An Open Letter from General British". Archived from the original on 2008-12-27. Retrieved 2008-11-11.
  35. ^ Gaar, Brian (2011-10-25). "Appeals court upholds Garriott's $28 million verdict against NCsoft". Austin American-Statesman. Archived from the original on 2012-08-22. Retrieved 2011-10-31.
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  38. ^ LOGIN 2011 Keynote: Richard Garriott - The Next Big Games. YouTube. 25 June 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
  39. ^ Lord British shall walk the streets of Britannia again!. YouTube. 2 June 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
  40. ^ "Shroud of the Avatar Kickstarter Campaign". Portalarium. 2013-04-08. Retrieved 2013-04-08.
  41. ^ "Shroud of the Avatar Home Page". Portalarium. 2013-04-08. Retrieved 2013-04-08.
  42. ^ O'Connor, Alice (2014-11-25). "Steaming: Shroud Of The Avatar Arrives On Early Access". Rock, Paper, Shotgun. Retrieved 2016-01-24.
  43. ^ Starr Long (March 26, 2018). "Launch is Here!". Kickstarter. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
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  45. ^ Space Adventures, Ltd. (2008). "Space Adventures Announces 1st Second Generation Astronaut". Space Adventures, Ltd. Retrieved October 12, 2008.
  46. ^ a b Peter Leonard for The Associated Press (October 12, 2008). "US game designer blasts into space with DNA cargo". USA Today. Retrieved June 2, 2011.
  47. ^ Marcia Dunn for The Associated Press (2008). "Space tourist will pay high price for adventure". NBC News. Retrieved October 12, 2008.
  48. ^ Chris Bergin (2008). "Soyuz TMA-13 launches trio on journey to the ISS". NASA Spaceflight.com. Retrieved October 12, 2008.
  49. ^ "Login". Retrieved 20 June 2015.
  50. ^ "Successful Lift Off For US Space Tourist – Space News – redOrbit". redorbit.com. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
  51. ^ "Metro is the first paper in space". Metro.
  52. ^ Greenslade, Roy. "Metro is 'first newspaper in space'". Guardian. Guardian, London.
  53. ^ Frank H. Bauer (2008-09-19). "Richard Garriott on ISS". Southgate Amateur Radio Club. Archived from the original on 2008-10-08. Retrieved 2008-10-07.
  54. ^ "International Space Station Traditional Geocache".
  55. ^ a b TERC (2008). "Richard Garriott's Mission in October, 2008". Technical Education Research Centers. Archived from the original on December 27, 2008. Retrieved October 12, 2008.
  56. ^ "LTUE, Day 2". Tachyon City (Nathan Shumate). Archived from the original on 2011-07-14. Retrieved 2009-02-20.
  57. ^ "The Hill".
  58. ^ "Soyuz space capsule lands safely". BBC. October 24, 2008.
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  60. ^ Sputnik (24 October 2008). "Soyuz capsule safely lands in Kazakhstan - 2". Retrieved 20 June 2015.
  61. ^ "ITAR-TASS". Archived from the original on 27 December 2008. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
  62. ^ Boyle, Christina (3 June 2009). "So in love they could float away: Brooklyn couple to wed in zero gravity". New York Daily News.
  63. ^ "Couple floats into zero gravity nuptials". Reuters. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
  64. ^ Heath Newburn (14 March 2010). "Man on a Mission: Richard Garriott's Road to the Stars (2010)". IMDb. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
  65. ^ "Richard Garriott Elected 45th President of The Explorers Club". Retrieved 3 Mar 2021.
  66. ^ Challenger Center / Space Adventures Announcement Archived 2014-08-12 at the Wayback Machine
  67. ^ "The Bloc on the Block". Discover Magazine. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
  68. ^ Sotheby's Catalogue – Russian Space History, Addendum, Lot 68A, December 11, 1993
  69. ^ "Privately Owned Soviet Moon Rover Sparks Space Law Talks". Space.com. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
  70. ^ "Mars rover Opportunity breaks longest off-Earth driving record, finally beating the speed freak Russians - ExtremeTech". ExtremeTech. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
  71. ^ "Garriott's House of Horror". The One. No. 31. emap Images. April 1991. p. 38.
  72. ^ "Board Of Trustees". XPRIZE. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
  73. ^ "NY Couple Gets Hitched in Zero Gravity". Space.com. Retrieved 2018-01-08.
  74. ^ "Ultima Codex 'In case you didn't know...'".
  75. ^ "Regional Entrepreneurs of the Year". Inc.com. 1992-12-01. Retrieved 2018-01-08.
  76. ^ Sciences, Academy of Interactive Arts &. "Special Awards Details Page". www.interactive.org. Retrieved 2018-01-08.
  77. ^ "Game Developers Choice Awards". www.gamechoiceawards.com. Retrieved 2018-01-08.
  78. ^ a b "Honours and Awards". www.bis-space.com. Retrieved 2018-01-08.
  79. ^ Richard Garriott, Environmentalist from Environmental Hall of Fame

Bibliography

Wikiquote has quotations related to Richard Garriott.
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