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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Lowercase sigmabot III (talk | contribs) at 02:23, 20 April 2023 (Archiving 2 discussion(s) to Talk:Effects of climate change/Archive 9) (bot). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

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Wiki Education assignment: Principles of Ecology

This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 26 August 2022 and 22 December 2022. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Ablip, Eisha Afzal, Curioussoul25 (article contribs). Peer reviewers: Ash the dragonfly, Bellaruby12, SomeoneAverage, 4theloveofAH.

— Assignment last updated by Brooklynbiology (talk) 21:32, 24 October 2022 (UTC)[reply]


Wiki Education assignment: Research Process and Methodology - FA22 - Sect 200 - Thu

This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 22 September 2022 and 8 December 2022. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): VenusL (article contribs).

— Assignment last updated by VenusL (talk) 17:00, 27 October 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Wiki Education assignment: Research Process and Methodology - FA22 - Sect 201 - Thu

This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 21 September 2022 and 8 December 2022. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Sssara7 (article contribs).

— Assignment last updated by Sssara7 (talk) 21:00, 2 December 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Content removed that had been added by a student on 22 Nov

I am removing this content that was added by a student (User:Curioussoul25) on 22 Nov. This content is not encyclopedic (things like "are known for their great buildings"), it is using a primary source from an older ref (2016) and it is writing about content that is already covered elsewhere in the article. This is the text block that I removed:

Low Lying Coastal Regions

Increase in sea level can damage infrastructure and destroy homes in cities and low-lying coastal regions.

Sea level rise is a growing issue for coastal areas. Due to low elevation and increasing temperatures, cities are at great risk of being flooded. The population, area, and tree species will be affected and consequently city infrastructure will face severe damage as well, which will result in failures and destruction of critical infrastructure, immobilization due to transportation system breakdowns, blackouts, and salinity increasing in water supplies.[1] Cities are robust and have numerous important infrastructures and are known for their great buildings, however, due to inland flooding and high levels of precipitation can cause erosion and damage to the infrastructures. Furthermore, the continuing sea-level rise will cause the loss of soil storage capacity due to extreme flooding which can impact soil quality and tree health. "When the water level is high it allows the waves and the erosion process to act farther up on the beach profile, causing a readjustment and resulting in a net erosion of the beach."[1] EMsmile (talk) 10:42, 13 December 2022 (UTC)[reply]

References

  1. ^ a b Azevedo de Almeida, Beatriz; Mostafavi, Ali (November 2016). "Resilience of Infrastructure Systems to Sea-Level Rise in Coastal Areas: Impacts, Adaptation Measures, and Implementation Challenges". Sustainability. 8 (11): 1115. doi:10.3390/su8111115.

EMsmile (talk) 10:42, 13 December 2022 (UTC)[reply]

More content removed that had been added by a student on 22 Nov

I am also removing this content for similar reasons as above. In addition, if anything, this should go in to the sub-article: effects of climate change on health and effects of climate change on mental health. However, I see that it is not using recent references, not following WP:MEDRS, some of it is WP:SYNTH. I am sorry to disappoint this student but I think there is no other option than to remove this. Effects of Climate Change on Mental Health

According to Deutsches Arzteblatt International, many studies have highlighted the risk of mental illness being higher in cities than in rural areas.[1] The world is already facing the effects of climate change and is said to continue to experience various impacts of climate change on mental health causing mental health to be a growing concern. Physical health impacts such as air quality and respiratory illness, injury from extreme weather conditions, spread of vector borne disease s are due to the effects of climate change. These health impacts burden mostly on low-income or vulnerable populations.[2] Furthermore, extreme weather conditions cause interference in social, economic, and environmental systems and distress about the future, leading to health and mental health problems. Rising temperature can lead to an increase in sea levels and an increase in natural disasters, resulting in cities and communities being heavily impacted. These events can cause acute traumatic stress that is alleviated after conditions are stabilized, but also many residents can also face post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that can affect and trigger depression, anxiety, and fear.[2] Some studies suggest that sea level rise, heavy precipitation, and coastal flooding can cause gastrointestinal illness.[3] Research on a community impacted by Hurricane Katrina revealed high rates of depression, domestic violence, suicide attempts, and cases of PTSD.[2] Due to displacement, loss of employment, and infrastructure damage, many community members experienced stress, increasing cases of abuse and violence on both adults and children.

Increase in seasonal allergies due to Climate change

The genus Ambrosia that consists of A artemisiifolia and A trifida which causes allergic rhinitis.


Urban areas are also a hotspot for the impacts of climate change has caused temperatures and CO2 levels to increase. A highly controlled experiment by Zika and Caulfield illustrated the increase of CO2 causing an increase in photosynthesis, vegetative growth, and pollen production.[4] The genus Ambrosia that consists of A artemisiifolia and A trifida which causes allergic rhinitis increasing seasonal allergies. During various experiments done to find the correlation between climate change in urban areas, the growth response of ragweed occurred 3–4 days earlier in urban sites and above ground biomass increased by 8%-10% at semi-rural sites, 61%-66% in the suburban sites in 2000-2001 and by 189% at the urban site in 2001.[4] Subsequently, earlier pollen shed at urbanized sites. Climate change caused varying production rates of pollen in different areas. In cities rising temperatures and CO2 levels caused to show a relation between climate change and exposure to pollen due to increased biomass of ragweed plants that cause allergies.

References

  1. ^ Gruebner, Oliver; A. Rapp, Michael; Adli, Mazda; Kluge, Ulrike; Galea, Sandro; Heinz, Andreas (February 2017). "Cities and Mental Health". Deutsches Ärzteblatt International. 114 (8): 121–127. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2017.0121. PMC 5374256. PMID 28302261.
  2. ^ a b c Fritze, Jessica G.; Blashki, Grant A.; Burke, Susie; Wiseman, John (2008-09-17). "Hope, despair and transformation: Climate change and the promotion of mental health and wellbeing". International Journal of Mental Health Systems. 2 (1): 13. doi:10.1186/1752-4458-2-13. PMC 2556310. PMID 18799005.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  3. ^ US EPA, OAR (2016-07-27). "Understanding the Connections Between Climate Change and Human Health". www.epa.gov. Retrieved 2022-11-15.
  4. ^ a b Ziska, Lewis H.; Gebhard, Dennis E.; Frenz, David A.; Faulkner, Shaun; Singer, Benjamin D.; Straka, James G. (February 2003). "Cities as harbingers of climate change: common ragweed, urbanization, and public health". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 111 (2): 290–295. doi:10.1067/mai.2003.53. PMID 12589347.

EMsmile (talk) 10:51, 13 December 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Content removed about lightning

I am removing this content about lightning which was added by a student User:Eisha Afzal on 22 Nov. It is going into too much detail and thus not following WP:DUE, also difficult to understand, using outdated sources. We could say something about lightning but then it should come from the latest IPCC AR 6 WG I report. I had a quick look and the situation is quite complex, as far as I can see. So we would have to get it right and accurate. I see lightning, an in particular NOx lightning is mentioned in the WG I report but it's not mentioned in the summary for policy makers nor the technical summary. The main climate change article says nothing about lightning.

Lightning

Lightning in the Oradea,Romania (August 17, 2005)[1]


Lightning strikes occur more frequently in hot weather. According to a study published in 2014, the number of lightning strikes will increase by about 12% for every degree of rise in global average air temperature.[2] However, the impact of global warming on lightning rates is poorly constrained.[2] The well developed cities exert its consequences or influences upon the climate and the pollution of the city which in return affects the frequency and the effects of the thunderstorms and the lightning. The mid developed cities were found to have less impact on the thunderstorm while the large cities had warmer temperatures which lead to increased severity of the thunderstorms.[3] The studies show that the urban areas modify their climate in terms of temperature and the rainfall it receives. Convection is one of the ways that the urban areas are able to change their climate. Two cities larger in size had dramatic differences in terms of the thunderstorm and the lightning they received, the differences were due to the population that each city held. The city with the most population produced more convection and the results related to the formation of the thunderstorms. The cities which are mid sized produced almost the same amount of the influences to modify their climate but the results do not explicitly show the effects on the convection.[3] In Atlanta, the thunderstorms were happening at much more higher frequency on the weekdays than on the weekends.[4] The effects of the lightining are also crucial to the trees and the ecosystem. The study done in 2016, by Abatzpglou and Williams, the percentage of the fires caused by the lightning was 40% from 1992 to 2013 in the Western areas of the United States. The lightning affects the trees which are planted in the certain areas which receives the most lightning and affecting the carbon cycle of the trees.[5] The study done in 2009 by Bell el al, shows that the level of the aerosol have increased by the middle of the week by the amount of the people travelling through transportation. The increase in transportation and the aerosol gives rise to the thunderstorms especially in the cities where the humidity level are high or the temperature which is higher due to infrastructure such as; buildings which capture the heat.[5]

References

  1. ^ "Lightning over Oradea Romania | Oradea, Lightning, Romania". Pinterest. Retrieved 2022-11-22.
  2. ^ a b Romps, David M.; Seeley, Jacob T.; Vollaro, David; Molinari, John (14 November 2014). "Projected increase in lightning strikes in the United States due to global warming" (PDF). Science. 346 (6211): 851–854. Bibcode:2014Sci...346..851R. doi:10.1126/science.1259100. OSTI 1577330. PMID 25395536. S2CID 206561099.
  3. ^ a b Ashley, Walker S.; Bentley, Mace L.; Stallins, J. Anthony (2012-07-01). "Urban-induced thunderstorm modification in the Southeast United States". Climatic Change. 113 (2): 481–498. Bibcode:2012ClCh..113..481A. doi:10.1007/s10584-011-0324-1. S2CID 28768267.
  4. ^ Haberlie, Alex M.; Ashley, Walker S.; Pingel, Thomas J. (April 2015). "The effect of urbanisation on the climatology of thunderstorm initiation". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 141 (688): 663–675. Bibcode:2015QJRMS.141..663H. doi:10.1002/qj.2499. S2CID 27486056.
  5. ^ a b Yair, Yoav (2018-11-29). "Lightning hazards to human societies in a changing climate". Environmental Research Letters. 13 (12): 123002. Bibcode:2018ERL....13l3002Y. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aaea86.

EMsmile (talk) 11:09, 13 December 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Content removed about urban floods

I'm sorry but I need to remove more of the student-added content. This was also added by User:Eisha Afzal on 22 November. It makes sweeping statements (a sentence such as "The urban areas are prone to receiving more rainfall"), is poorly sourced, deviating from main topic and giving overly specific examples from the United States. Note we have a separate article on urban flooding. Using the IPCC AR 6 report as a reference would be so much better.

This is the removed text: "The urban areas are prone to receiving more rainfall. The enormous amount of rainfall produces the pluvial flooding. The rural areas do not receive such type of flooding due to their infrastructure and the amount of the roads which cover the areas. The urban areas have concrete roads and the amount of the surface which has the ability to absorb the water is less than the rural or non-urban areas. Due to the surface differences, the water builds up in the cities and causing floods which also damage the infrastructure and the mass density of the people residing in the cities.[1] Salt Creek, Illinois face both the small and large floods, and there has been increase in the small floods by 200 percent and due to the frequency that the small floods occur in, the consequence can be same as the large floods. The data showed direct correlation between the increase in floods and increase in urbanization. In Maryland, the frequency of the moderate floods had increased from 1940 in which the state experienced the floods once or twice a year to 1990 in which the flood was experienced up to six times.[2]"

References

  1. ^ "Urban flooding". Imperial College London. Retrieved 2022-11-22.
  2. ^ "Effects of Urban Development on Floods". pubs.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2022-11-22.

EMsmile (talk) 11:16, 13 December 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Lost good content about floods? And multiple images

Hi USer:RCraig09 I think you have by mistake removed a whole paragraph on good content about floods when you made this change here. Could you please review that? It took me a while to find the occasion where the good content about floods that we had in this article got lost. I think it was in your edit and I assume it was by accident? EMsmile (talk) 11:25, 13 December 2022 (UTC)[reply]

The edit you mention adds an image. It doesn't delete a paragraph. You can add back the paragraph based on older versions of the article. —RCraig09 (talk) 17:05, 13 December 2022 (UTC)[reply]
That edit of yours on 8 November didn't just add an image, it also overwrote a paragraph of text. The one starting with "A warming climate will intensify rainfall events." I have re-instated the text now but I had just wanted to check if you had intentionally removed that paragraph or if it happened by mistake. EMsmile (talk) 08:25, 14 December 2022 (UTC)[reply]
Now I see. That paragraph had been embedded after an earlier image without a line break. Changing to multiple image made the paragraph disappear! —RCraig09 (talk) 16:40, 14 December 2022 (UTC)[reply]
Ah, good to know. Myself, I haven't worked much with multiple images before, except for those image collages (2x2) in the lead. What is your philosophy with multiple images, i.e. when would you say they are good to have, and how wide can they get, and do they display well on mobile phones? Just curious. EMsmile (talk) 10:31, 15 December 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Removed sentences that had been added to the lead

The students will hate me but I am sorry I need to removed this content that was added to the lead by User:Ablip on 14 November. The statements are too sweeping, poorly sourced and e.g. the content about sea level rise is repetitive. Why did the students add such old publications in their edits, why not use the latest IPCC AR 6 WG I report for new content? I don't understand that. Here is the removed text: "Species biodiversity in urban areas is at risk due to the effects of climate change. Urbanization and industrialization have been linked to various factors of climate change such as pollution and temperature changes.[1] Sea level rise remains a major concern for cities are along coastlines, affecting human settlements and infrastructure. The cities with warmer temperatures tend to have more frequent and severe thunderstorms and lightning."

References

  1. ^ Wilby, Robert L.; Perry, George L.W. (January 2006). "Climate change, biodiversity and the urban environment: a critical review based on London, UK". Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment. 30 (1): 73–98. doi:10.1191/0309133306pp470ra. S2CID 140671354. ProQuest 231202951.

EMsmile (talk) 11:30, 13 December 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Removed content about urban development

I also removed this text block that was added by User:Ablip on 14 November. It's a wild mixture of topics and jumps around a lot. Also it uses a reference from 2006. Why are you adding content in 2022 by using references from 16 years ago. I really don't get it. This is the text block: "Urban development and population contributes to climate change through factors such as pollution, deforestation, habitat destruction, and spread of disease. Scientists have linked these changes to a decrease in biodiversity in urban regions as a result of human interference. Ecologists Limburg and Schmidt found that there is a higher water temperature and temperature change in urban environments compared to non urban environments.[1] Moreover, most major cities are found along coastal zones and are home to a number of diverse species. Urbanization through building structures and city design like flood defenses in turn impact biodiversity. Storm flooding and coastal erosion in these regions can lead to more water pollution, such as finding metals and ammonia in stream water, can lead to a decline in aquatic biota. Climate change also affects the amount of precipitation annually and seasonally; a reduction in the amount of snowfall in the winter months affects the spring vegetation and overall health of plants.[1]"

References

  1. ^ a b Wilby, Robert L.; Perry, George L.W. (January 2006). "Climate change, biodiversity and the urban environment: a critical review based on London, UK". Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment. 30 (1): 73–98. doi:10.1191/0309133306pp470ra. S2CID 140671354. ProQuest 231202951.

EMsmile (talk) 11:34, 13 December 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Comments about the student-added content that I removed

I just wanted to give a wrap-up about all the student-added content that I had removed earlier in the week (see above on this talk page and in the revision history page). I am actually a bit sad about it because I am sure the students meant well and now their content had to be removed. I feel that they should have been guided better. Some thoughts:

  • In particular, they should have been guided to not use old publications when writing about the effects of climate change (from 2006!?) but to mainly refer to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report for newer content and publications.
  • Their content was technically not wrong but too low-quality for an article such as this one which is high level and which were are trying to eventually bring to WP:GA. Many of the statements were "sweeping", in effect blaming climate change for a range of other things like the effects of urbanisation, pollution etc.
  • I also wrote on the instructor's talk page about it (here). The course description was here.
  • Perhaps it would have been better to let the students work on the smaller sub-articles like effects of climate change on terrestrial animals, effects of climate change in New Zealand. Some of their content I moved to those sub-articles and their talk pages.
  • I am also a bit disappointed that it took me (and other Wikipedians) so long to spot this quality problem, even though I and many others have this page on our watchlist (those student edits started about six weeks ago). It's hard to find the time to keep up with everything though. Also, given that this was not spam-type content, it was harder to spot that it wasn't high enough quality, I would say. EMsmile (talk) 10:40, 15 December 2022 (UTC)[reply]
If I understood the course page right it seems that the instructor was hoping the students would be able to start new articles. If the students had seen the list of requested articles from redirects at Wikipedia:WikiProject Climate change#Writing and improving articles they could perhaps have attempted Earth System Model. Chidgk1 (talk) 18:34, 15 December 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Article Strengths and overall status

This article is great following the wikipedia guidelines. In addition the images provide a great enhanced understanding of the topic. And they are laid out in a very appealing way. Also, the article provides a neutral and lengthy value in of information, giving a enough representation over each subtopic. ~~~ Delbel4567 (talk) 21:28, 1 February 2023 (UTC) Delbel4567 (talk) 02:29, 2 February 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Wiki Education assignment: Plant Ecology Winter 2023

This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 16 January 2023 and 10 April 2023. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Dracaena trifasciata (article contribs).

— Assignment last updated by Dracaena trifasciata (talk) 01:30, 25 February 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Worked on heatwave section, needs more work

I've done a bit of work on the heatwave section. I've moved content from heat wave to here, then transcribed the section to heat wave by using the excerpt function. I still need to tidy up the refs (short ref style not so suitable for excerpts). I think we should also replace the IPCC AR5 (2013) report with the newer IPCC AR6 report (2022). If anyone has time to do this, feel free. You might get there before I do. I mean these three sentences which all come from the 2013 report: "Climate change will lead to more very hot days and fewer very cold days. The frequency, length and intensity of heat waves will very likely increase over most land areas. Higher growth in greenhouse gas emissions would cause more frequent and severe temperature extremes. " EMsmile (talk) 21:02, 15 March 2023 (UTC)[reply]

The sentence from the lead about regional changes

I am removing this for now as I couldn't find it in those (or similar) words in Kevin Trenberth's book. I have the book in front of me and can see info on high latitudes etc but not the exact same statement. Have also messaged him to ask if maybe a different ref would be better. Perhaps the sentence is not overly clear either: "The regional changes vary: at high latitudes it is the average temperature that is increasing, while for the oceans and tropics it is in particular the rainfall and the water cycle where changes are observed.[1][page needed]" EMsmile (talk) 16:21, 28 March 2023 (UTC) EMsmile (talk) 16:21, 28 March 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Here is the answer I received from Kevin Trenberth. How can we utilise it? I am unsure: "That is a sound statement but not sure where if it is stated anywhere in my papers. It is effectively stated in [2] and in [3] Similarly it is implicit in my book but not stated quite that way so succinctly. At high latitudes there is next to no moisture in the air: it is freeze dried whether over land or ocean or ice. Land vs ocean matters little as both are covered in ice. Land in lower latitudes is an exception because it depends on water availability: e.g. deserts. It never rains! So available excess energy goes into evaporation where moisture is available but increases with Clausius Clapeyron at rate of 7% per deg C temperature, which is what rules out the high latitudes."

References

  1. ^ Trenberth, Kevin E. (2022). The Changing Flow of Energy Through the Climate System (1 ed.). Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108979030. ISBN 978-1-108-97903-0. S2CID 247134757.
  2. ^ Trenberth, Kevin E.; Shea, Dennis J. (2005-07-28). "Relationships between precipitation and surface temperature: PRECIPITATION AND TEMPERATURE RELATIONS". Geophysical Research Letters. 32 (14): n/a–n/a. doi:10.1029/2005GL022760.
  3. ^ Trenberth, Ke (2011-03-31). "Changes in precipitation with climate change". Climate Research. 47 (1): 123–138. doi:10.3354/cr00953. ISSN 0936-577X.

Wiki Education assignment: WR120

This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 20 January 2023 and 3 May 2023. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): WilsonSaintusJr (article contribs).

— Assignment last updated by WilsonSaintusJr (talk) 05:14, 19 April 2023 (UTC)[reply]

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