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For other uses, see Groovin' (disambiguation).

"Groovin'"
File:Groovin'Single.jpeg
US single picture sleeve
Single by the Young Rascals
from the album Groovin'
B-side"Sueño"
ReleasedApril 10, 1967
RecordedMarch 27, 1967
StudioTalentmasters, New York City
Genre
Length2:30
LabelAtlantic
Songwriter(s)
Producer(s)The Rascals
The Young Rascals singles chronology
"I've Been Lonely Too Long"
(1967) 		"Groovin'"
(1967) 		"A Girl Like You"
(1967)
Audio
"Groovin'" on YouTube

"Groovin'" is a single released in 1967 by American rock band the Young Rascals that became a number-one hit and one of the group's signature songs. It has been covered by many artists, including the Young Rascals themselves in other languages. A slightly different version was later released on their third studio album, Groovin'.

Written by group members Felix Cavaliere and Eddie Brigati and with a lead vocal from Cavaliere, it is a slow, relaxed groove, based on Cavaliere's newfound interest in Afro-Cuban music. The instrumentation of the song includes a conga, a Cuban-influenced bass guitar line from session musician Chuck Rainey, and a harmonica part, performed first for the single version by New York session musician Michael Weinstein, and later for the album version by Gene Cornish.

Background and writing

The Young Rascals in 1966.

In 1966, The Young Rascals rose to commercial prominence, reaching the number-one spot on the Billboard Hot 100 in May with their cover of "Good Lovin'".[1] Though their debut single "I Ain't Gonna Eat Out My Heart Anymore" (1965), was of a similar vein, it was "Good Lovin'" that established what would be categorized as the Young Rascals musical style; a mix of garage rock and rhythm and blues that was personalized by Felix Cavaliere's blue-eyed soul vocals.[2] The two singles following "Good Lovin'", "You Better Run" and "Come On Up" (both 1966) expanded upon this musical venture, the latter of which featured a "more aggressive sound" through Gene Cornish's fuzz guitar licks.[3] Despite this, both singles were relative chart failures, reaching number 20 and 43 on the Billboard Hot 100, respectively.[1][nb 1]

Starting with "You Better Run", the Young Rascals singer Eddie Brigati and Cavaliere formed a songwriting partnership, where Brigati provided most of the lyrics while Cavaliere composed the music.[4] Additionally, by early 1967 the Young Rascals attempted to move away from their initial rhythm and blues sound, expanding on it. Their January 1967 single "I've Been Lonely Too Long" abandoned Cavaliere's organ in favor of a more piano-based sound;[5] this move but band back into the Billboard top-20.[1] Despite this, the band found the charting to be a commercial failure, having aimed for the single to become a top-ten hit, leading to the members wanting to revamp the group's image.[6] Around the same time, Cornish would state that their follow-up single would be completely different, lacking organ, guitars or drums; instead basing their sound on conga drums, harmonica and sound effect of birds.[7]

"Groovin'" was inspired by Cavaliere's then-girlfriend, Adrienne Buccheri, whom according to him caused emotions that were "tailor-made to that style of music".[8] In a later interview, Cavaliere stated that he believed Buccheri to be "divinely sent for the purpose of inspiring my creativity."[9] The day of sunday proved to be an additional general inspiration for Cavaliere in conceiving the song, as that was the sole day that he had a chance to spend time with Buccheri.[10] Cavaliere states that "Groovin'" was a reflection of "the bliss I felt relaxing with her on Sunday afternoons, watching the world go by".[10]

The musical content of "Groovin''" was largely derived from the time Cavaliere spent working at mountain resorts in Upstate New York, where he was introduced to Latin rhythms, something that compelled him.[8] The song was composed at an upright piano in the shared apartment of Brigati and Cavaliere, before the duo collaborated on the lyrics.[10] Brigati was tasked with writing the lyrics of "Groovin''" by Cavaliere because "he [Cavaliere] felt he [Brigati] was better at expressing Cavaliere's ideas".[9] The lyrical ideas were intially conveyed by Cavaliere humming a tune, to which Brigati would attempt to write lyrics to fit them, before Cavaliere would re-arrange the lyrics to his preferred liking.[9] With "Groovin''" however, Cavaliere did not make adjustment's to Brigati's lyrics since "that was the way it was"[9]

Composition and recording

Composition

Lyrically, "Groovin'" is the evocation of a person in love through a laid-back perspective of a person, who would do nothing but spend time with his partner during a Sunday afternoon.[10][11] The laid-back narrative is conveyed even though the narrator suggests to his partner that he'd like to walk through crowded avenues and meet strangers that are happy.[12] However, the narrator laments the fact the Sunday afternoon will end, in dismay over the fact that it passed by so quickly.[12] The phrase "you and me endlessly" which appears in the final verse was often misheard as the mondegreen "you and me and Leslie", which according to Caveliere was a result of his habit of slurring "uneven words to squeeze them in to fit the beats", something that was hampered by the fact that a conga fill appeared just as the word "endlessly" was sung.[10]

Musically, as performed by the Young Rascals, "Groovin'" is performed in F minor, and has a BPM of 108.[13] The song sports a clear structure, with the chorus repeated three times, supported by three verses.[10] Structurally, it is largely composed of the chords of D and E♭ that are performed by Cavaliere on his piano during the choruses in a 6/8 time signature before alternating.[13] During the verses, the chord of F♯ largely substitutes the chord of D, though also marks the appearance of the chords of G and A through a modulation that appears towards the end of the verses.[13] "Groovin'" bears a strong inspiration from Afro-Cuban music,[14] particularly concerning it's baião rhythm and instrumentation which was unconventional for the band.[15] It features the use of conga drums played by drummer Dino Danelli and tambourine by Cornish rather than a more standard drum set.[15]

Recording

"Adding the sound of birds was my idea. I had heardthe Beatles' "Yellow Submarine" and flipped. These guys had created a sound environment for their single. Ringo [Starr] sang about a sub—and there were sub sounds. Eddie and his brother David were experts at effects and they whistled the bird sounds. When we were just about finished, Arif suggested adding a harmonica—to drive home the carefree, Sunday feel. But I can't remember who played it."

The recording session of "Groovin'" was held at the Talentmasters Studios on West 42nd Street in Manhattan, New York City on March 27, 1967.[9][10][16] Though Atlantic Records had given the Young Rascals unlimited session time at their own Atlantic Studios, Cavaliere had requested that the session was held at Talentmasters, due to the fact that "many great R&B groups were making their singles" there;[10] he additionally remembered the studio to have been a small box, something which "didn't matter as James Brown had recorded there".[9] Besides the Young Rascals, present in the studio were Brigati's older brother David, producer Arif Mardin and engineer Chris Huston, who had been chosen to attend the session by David, who had known Huston while himself a member of Joey Dee and the Starliters in the early 1960s.[9]

The structure of "Groovin'" was according to Cavaliere "mapped out" together with Mardin right before right before they entered the studio, with the decision of cutting the drums from the song haven been taken during that moment.[9] Additionally, Cavaliere had opted not to play his standard instrument, the hammond organ, on the recording. Instead, he opted to play the piano on the recording; the Carmen Cavallaro-inspired lounge piano performance during the song's instrumental break was orchestraded by Mardin in order to give the recording "a little bit more texture."[9] Cavaliere states that Mardin helped with a lot of the arrangement and production of the song, even though the Young Rascals themselves were contractually credited as the producers.[10]

The basic track of "Groovin'" was recorded by Cavaliere on vocals and piano, with Cornish on tambourine and Danelli playing a conga drum and woodblock.[17] Cavaliere recalls that Danelli held the woodblock sticks under his arms while playing the conga, before using it to hit a wood block taped to the conga drum, creating a "ticking beat that sounded like a clock you ignored on a beautiful Sunday afternoon".[10] Following the basic track's completion, Cavaliere overdubbed vibes, Cornish guitar while the Brigati brothers added their backing vocals.[17] Though Cornish tried to overdub the song's bass line,[10] he couldn't get precisely what Cavaliere had envisioned so instead they called in session musician Chuck Rainey to perform the bass duties on the song.[9] With time running out in the studio, Huston used one of Talentmaster's janitors, a local musician named Michael Weinstein to overdub the harmonica performance of the song.[18] Cornish would return to the studio a few weeks later to overdub his harmonica performance; this would be used for the stereo mix of the song.[10][19]

Release and commercial performance

Cavaliere credits disc jockey Murray the K with pressuring Atlantic Records into releasing "Groovin'"[20]

After recording had been completed, head of Atlantic Records Jerry Wexler was intitially skeptical in releasing "Groovin'" as a single, due to the vastly different musical style it had compared to the Young Rascals previous singles.[18] The song was thus nearly shelved had it not been for a chance meeting with disc jockey Murray the K. According to Cavaliere, Murray the K had been present during the recording session of "Groovin'", and while listening to the playback of the song he "went nuts" and stated that it was a certain smash.[10] Wexler persisted though, insisting that the Young Rascals at least added a conventional drum part to the record, to which Cavaliere insisted that it was a homage to the "whole world of Latin people out there who love to dance.[10] The final straw in releasing "Groovin'" came from Murray the K, who spoke to Wexler only a few days after it was recorded.[8][10][18] Murray the K convinced Wexler by stating that he would play it on his radio show, ensuring it to become a number one hit.[20]

"Groovin'" would be released in the US on April 10, 1967, backed by another song written by Cavaliere and Brigati, "Sueño".[20][16][nb 2] On the Billboard Hot 100, the single entered on April 22 at a position of number 79.[21] It peaked at number one a month later on May 20, becoming the Young Rascals' second number one single and top-ten entry on the Billboard Hot 100.[21] It initially spent two consecutive weeks at number one, before being dislodged by Aretha Franklin's cover of "Respect" on June 2.[22] "Respect" spent two weeks at number one before "Groovin'" once again reached number one on June 17, staying there for two weeks.[21] "Groovin'" dropped off the Billboard Hot 100 chart completely from a position of 38 on July 17.[21] At the time, "Groovin'" beat the Billboard milestone of dropping off the charts entirely the fastest after reaching number one.[23] Elsewhere in North America, "Groovin'" also reached number three on the Billboard Hot Rhythm & Blues Singles chart,[24] along with topping the Cash Box top 100 singles and R&B chart.[25][26] In Canada, it reached number one on both the RPM Top 100 and R&B chart.[27][28]

In the United Kingdom, "Groovin'" would be released on May 5, 1967.[29] It entered the Record Retailer chart on May 31 at a position of 48, before peaking at number eight on July 4.[30] It dropped off the charts on August 22 at a position of 48, having spent 13 weeks in total.[30] "Groovin'" became the Young Rascals only top-20 single in the United Kingdom.[30][nb 3] Elsewhere in the world, "Groovin'" also became a top-twenty hit in Oceania, reaching number three in Australia and number 13 in New Zealand.[31] In Africa, "Groovin'" reached the top-ten in both South Africa and Rhodesia, peaking at number ten and three respectively.[32][33] Despite "Groovin'" finding massive commercial success around the world, the commercial performance of it was lackluster on Continental Europe, where it failed to enter the top-ten on any national chart.[34] It did reach the top-twenty in the Netherlands and West Germany, peaking at number 16 and 20 respectively.[35][36]

Due to the massive popularity of "Groovin'", the single was chosen to be the title track of the Young Rascals third studio album, which was released by Atlantic Records on July 31, 1967.[34][37] On mono copies of the album, the single version of "Groovin'" is included, while stereo copies include the alternate harmonica performance by Cornish.[10][19] Fueled primarily by the success of "Groovin'", "A Girl Like You" and "How Can I Be Sure" (both 1967), Groovin' reached number five on the Billboard 200, becoming their highest charting studio album.[38] "Groovin'" has also appeared on most of the Young Rascals' compilation albums, the first of which was Time Peace: The Rascals' Greatest Hits that was released by Atlantic a year after the single on June 24, 1968.[34][37] The album reached number one on the Billboard 200.[38]

Reception and legacy

Contemporary reviews

Upon initial release in 1967, "Groovin'" received critical acclaim by critics, many of whom noted the apparent change in genres for the Young Rascals. The review panel in Billboard magazine noted it, considering it to be a an "easy-go ballad" and "smooth summertime blockbuster" that was both aptly titled and better than their previous single.[39] Billboard additionally predicted it to become a top-20 hit in the US.[39] Cash Box magazine held a similar sentiment, the reviewer also noting the change in genres, with them stating it to be an "easy-going, smooth, rhythmic" ballad.[40] Cash Box accurately predicted it to become a chart topper.[40] The review panel for Record World magazine stated that "Groovin'" was a perfect record for teenagers to "do their dancing to".[41] They awarded it a four-star rating.[41]

Among British critics, Dave Munde of British group The Tremeloes found "Groovin'" to be a great song by a "tremendously underrated group" while reviewing for New Musical Express.[42] Munden found the track great enough that he hoped the Tremeloes could record a cover of it.[42] In a blind review for Melody Maker, disc jockey Pete Murray found "Groovin'" to be "the best record the Young Rascals have ever done", noting that it was "a great number" and that he otherwise didn't like the group's music.[43] Some British critics additionally commented on the lyrical and musical tone of the song, including Richard Williams of The Guardian, who wrote that Cavaliere's "husky voice" gave "the tune a very sunny feeling", writing that the song was "beautiful".[44] The lyrics were also noted as being good by the reviewer in Whitstable Times, who additionally called the song "slow" but predicted it to become the Young Rascals first British hit.[45]

Retrospective assessment and legacy

The Rascals performing "Groovin'" during their 2013 Once Upon a Dream show.

Retrospectively, "Groovin'" has also received praise from critics, with many noting the song to be an experimental endevour for the Young Rascals who would continue releasing increasingly psychedelic and experimental music.[20] AllMusic's Lindsay Planer stated that though the song retained the "same passion that drove" their previous singles, "Groovin'" was an "easy going ballad" that evoked a "pastoral setting with the novel inclusion of bird call sound effects".[46] According to reporter Parke Puterbaugh, "Groovin'" marked the gap between the Young Rascals earlier, rhythm & blues based music to more "mellower, sunnier and romantic" music.[8] Journalist Marc Myers considers "Groovin'" to be a nod to the Young Rascals Latin American fans, owing to the strong influence from baião music the single has.[18] Music critic Richie Unterberger states that the band's fans most likely were unprepared for how the Rascals changed up their music, with the song's "breezy feel" that he called as "carefree as a summer walk".[47]

Despite being released during the spring of 1967, "Groovin'" peaked on the Billboard charts in May and June which Planer considered to be a "perfect promotion to the upcoming Summer of Love" phenomenon that would sweep across America during that summer.[46] Puterbaugh states that it was a perfect record for "reflecting off of fire escapes and terraces" as "it was #1 as the day dawned upon the new rock era".[48] Cornish states that the song gave the Young Rascals some slight newfound respect amongst underground hippie movements due to the more experimental, laxed nature of it.[20] "Groovin'" also prompted the Young Rascals to change up their appearance, switching up their clothing for "Nehru shirts, beards and beads", along with prompting them to dropp the 'Young'-prefix from their named.[49][nb 4]

The Young Rascals themselves were scheduled to appear on The Ed Sullivan Show twice owing to the success of "Groovin'", performing it live on June 4 and September 10, 1967 respectively.[50][51] The song was an RIAA-certified gold record on June 13, 1967 for 500,000 copies sold.[52] "Groovin'" is one of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll,[53] and is also the recipient of a Grammy Hall of Fame Award.[54]

Personnel

Personnel according to the liner notes of The Rascals: Anthology 1965-1972, unless otherwise noted.[19]

Charts


Cover versions

"Groovin'"
Single by Booker T & the M.G.s
from the album Hip Hug-Her
Released1967
GenreR&B, soul
Length2:40
LabelStax Records 224
Songwriter(s)Felix Cavaliere
Eddie Brigati
  • Within weeks of the Young Rascals release, Booker T. and the M.G.'s recorded an instrumental cover of "Groovin'". Issued as a single, the track reached No. 21 on the pop charts, No. 10 on the US R&B charts, and No. 4 on the Canadian R&B chart[68] in the summer of 1967.
  • The Young Rascals themselves recorded "Groovin'" in Spanish,[69] French,[70] and Italian[71] in 1968.
  • A Spanish cover version was released by the group Los Freddy's in 1970 on their album Sin Tu Amor [72]
  • A cover by War reached No. 30 on the U.S. Billboard Adult Contemporary chart in the spring of 1985[73] and No. 79 on the Billboard Hot Black Singles chart.
  • In 1996, Pato Banton recorded a version with the Reggae Revolution that reached number 14 on the UK Singles Chart in July.[74] The next month, the cover became a major hit in New Zealand, reaching number four on the RIANZ Singles Chart and staying in the top 20 for nine weeks.[75] It was the country's 47th best-selling single of the year[76] and received a Gold sales certification for selling over 5,000 copies.[77]
  • It was used as the title track of Bill Wyman's Rhythm Kings 2000 album Groovin'.

Notes and references

Notes

  1. ^ "Come on Up" became the Young Rascals worst performing single chart-wise during the 1960s, aside from "I Ain't Gonna Eat Out My Heart Anymore".[3]
  2. ^ Catalogue number Atlantic 45-2401.[16]
  3. ^ The Young Rascals only other charting single in the United Kingdom was "A Girl Like You", which reached number 37.[30]
  4. ^ The final release on which the band was labelled 'the Young Rascals' was "It's Wonderful", released in November 1967.[13]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Whitburn 1990, p. 523.
  2. ^ Puterbaugh 1992, pp. 16–18.
  3. ^ a b Unterberger 2007a, p. 2.
  4. ^ Cornish & Miller 2019, p. 98.
  5. ^ Unterberger 2007a, p. 1.
  6. ^ Cornish & Miller 2019, p. 113.
  7. ^ Puterbaugh 1992, pp. 19–20.
  8. ^ a b c d Puterbaugh 1992, p. 37.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Flans 2015.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Myers 2013.
  11. ^ Gilliland, John (1969). "Show 52 - The Soul Reformation: Phase three, soul music at the summit. [Part 8]" (audio). Pop Chronicles. University of North Texas Libraries. Track 5.
  12. ^ a b Cornish & Miller 2019, p. 152.
  13. ^ a b c d Cornish & Miller 2019, p. 153.
  14. ^ Rhino 2021.
  15. ^ a b Myers 2016, p. 88.
  16. ^ a b c Puterbaugh 1992, p. 3.
  17. ^ a b c d e f Myers 2016, p. 89.
  18. ^ a b c d Myers 2016, p. 90.
  19. ^ a b c Puterbaugh 1992, pp. 3, 6.
  20. ^ a b c d e Cornish & Miller 2019, p. 154.
  21. ^ a b c d Whitburn 1990, pp. 523–524.
  22. ^ Whitburn 1990, p. 201.
  23. ^ Whitburn 1990, p. 14.
  24. ^ a b Whitburn 2017, p. 482.
  25. ^ a b "Cash Box TOP 100" (PDF). Cash Box: 4. May 20, 1967 – via WorldRadioHistory.
  26. ^ a b "TOP 50 IN R&B LOCATIONS" (PDF). Cash Box: 40. May 13, 1967 – via WorldRadioHistory.
  27. ^ a b "RPM 100" (PDF). RPM: 5. June 3, 1967 – via WorldRadioHistory.
  28. ^ a b "RPM 25 R&B List" (PDF). RPM: 4. June 3, 1967 – via WorldRadioHistory.
  29. ^ "Double A side release for Elvis Presley" (PDF). Record Mirror: 4. April 29, 1967 – via WorldRadioHistory.
  30. ^ a b c d e Brown 2000, p. 231.
  31. ^ a b "Listener". New Zealand Listener. Archived from the original on September 22, 2022. Retrieved August 30, 2022.
  32. ^ "SA Charts 1965 – March 1989". Rock.co.za. Archived from the original on March 25, 2019. Retrieved August 20, 2022.
  33. ^ a b Kimberley 2000, p. 50.
  34. ^ a b c Cornish & Miller 2019, p. 165.
  35. ^ "The Young Rascals - Groovin". Dutch Top 40. Archived from the original on June 3, 2023. Retrieved August 20, 2023.
  36. ^ "The Young Rascals - Groovin'". GfK Entertainment charts. Archived from the original on December 1, 2016. Retrieved August 20, 2023.
  37. ^ a b Puterbaugh 1992, p. 5.
  38. ^ a b Whitburn 2007, p. 484.
  39. ^ a b "Pop Spotlights" (PDF). Billboard: 18. April 15, 1967 – via WorldRadioHistory.
  40. ^ a b "Pick of The Week" (PDF). Cash Box: 24. April 15, 1967 – via WorldRadioHistory.
  41. ^ a b "Four Star Pick" (PDF). Record World: 6. April 15, 1967 – via WorldRadioHistory.
  42. ^ a b Munden, Dave (June 3, 1967). "Top Ten of the top group The Tremeloes" (PDF). New Musical Express: 3 – via WorldRadioHistory.
  43. ^ Murray, Peter (May 20, 1967). "Blind Date" (PDF). Melody Maker: 10 – via WorldRadioHistory.
  44. ^ Williams, Richard (June 3, 1967). "New Releases". The Guardian. p. 4. Retrieved August 21, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  45. ^ "Chart Contenders". Whitstable Times. May 12, 1967. p. 3. Retrieved August 21, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  46. ^ a b Planer, Lindsay. "Groovin - Song review by Lindsay Planer". AllMusic. Archived from the original on August 21, 2023. Retrieved August 21, 2023.
  47. ^ Unterberger 2007b, p. 1.
  48. ^ Puterbaugh 1992, p. 20.
  49. ^ Puterbaugh 1992, pp. 20–21.
  50. ^ Sexton, Paul (August 8, 2022). "Chill Out With The Young Rascals, 'Groovin On 'The Ed Sullivan Show'". uDiscoverMusic. Archived from the original on January 29, 2023. Retrieved August 21, 2023.
  51. ^ Sexton, Paul (July 17, 2023). "'Ed Sullivan Show' Archive Shares Young Rascals' Summer Of Love Gem". uDiscoverMusic. Archived from the original on July 19, 2023. Retrieved August 21, 2023.
  52. ^ "Gold & Platinum". Recording Industry Association of America. Archived from the original on August 21, 2023. Retrieved August 22, 2023.
  53. ^ "FAQ". The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum. Archived from the original on March 22, 2015. Retrieved March 24, 2015.
  54. ^ "Grammy Hall Of Fame". The Recording Academy. Archived from the original on June 26, 2015. Retrieved August 22, 2023.
  55. ^ "Go-Set Australian charts". Go-Set. May 19, 1967.
  56. ^ Kent 2005, p. 201.
  57. ^ "InfoDisc : Les Tubes de chaque Artiste commençant par Y". infodisc.fr. Archived from the original on October 16, 2022. Retrieved August 20, 2023.
  58. ^ "Nederlandse Top 40 – week 27, 1967" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40.
  59. ^ "The Young Rascals – Groovin'" (in Dutch). Single Top 100.
  60. ^ "SA Charts 1965 – March 1989". Rock.co.za. Archived from the original on March 25, 2019. Retrieved August 20, 2022.
  61. ^ "100 Top Pops" (PDF). Cash Box: 29. May 20, 1967 – via WorldRadioHistory.
  62. ^ "Offiziellecharts.de – The Young Rascals – Groovin'" (in German). GfK Entertainment charts.
  63. ^ "The Top Ten Of 1967" (PDF). RPM: 1. December 30, 1967 – via WorldRadioHistory.
  64. ^ "The 100 best-selling singles of 1967 [in the U.K.]". sixtiescity.net. Archived from the original on May 11, 2023. Retrieved August 22, 2023.
  65. ^ "Top 100 Chart Hits of 1967" (PDF). Billboard: 42. December 23, 1967 – via WorldRadioHistory.
  66. ^ "Top 100 Chart Hits of 1967" (PDF). Cash Box: 16. December 23, 1967 – via WorldRadioHistory.
  67. ^ "Top Singles Of Past Years". Record World (July 5, 1980): 58.
  68. ^ "Item Display – RPM – Library and Archives Canada". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. September 23, 1967. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
  69. ^ "Groovin' (Spanish Version) - The Young Rascals". January 3, 2010. Archived from the original on December 15, 2021. Retrieved September 30, 2016 – via YouTube.
  70. ^ "Young Rascals Groovin' French Version (Rare)". May 8, 2014. Archived from the original on December 15, 2021. Retrieved September 30, 2016 – via YouTube.
  71. ^ "Groovin' (Italian Version) The Young Rascals". November 27, 2009. Archived from the original on December 15, 2021. Retrieved September 30, 2016 – via YouTube.
  72. ^ "Los Freddy's – Sin Tu Amor". Discogs.com. 1970. Retrieved June 7, 2023.
  73. ^ Whitburn, Joel (1993). Top Adult Contemporary: 1961-1993. Record Research. p. 250.
  74. ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100 21 July 1996 – 27 July 1996". Official Charts Company. Retrieved October 27, 2018.
  75. ^ "Pato Banton & The Reggae Revolution – Groovin' (song)". charts.nz. Retrieved October 27, 2018.
  76. ^ "End of Year Charts 1996". Recorded Music NZ. Retrieved October 27, 2018.
  77. ^ "Official Top 40 Singles – 6 October 1996". Recorded Music NZ. Retrieved November 19, 2019.

References

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