1936 in literature
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This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1936.
Events
- January 8 – Jewish booksellers throughout Nazi Germany are deprived of their Reich Publications Chamber membership cards, without which no one can sell books.[2]
- May – The Greek poet and Communist activist Yiannis Ritsos is inspired to write his poem Epitaphios by a photograph of a dead protester at a massive tobacco workers' demonstration in Thessaloniki. It is published soon after. In August, the right-wing dictatorship of Ioannis Metaxas comes to power in Greece and copies are burned publicly at the foot of the Acropolis in Athens.[3]
- May 16–17 – About 30 left-wing writers of the Second Polish Republic gather at the Lviv Anti-Fascist Congress of Cultural Workers.
- August 3 – George Heywood Hill establishes the Heywood Hill bookshop in London's Mayfair.
- August 18 – The 38-year-old Spanish dramatist, Federico García Lorca, is arrested by Francoist militia during the White Terror and never seen alive again. His brother-in-law, Manuel Fernández-Montesinos, the leftist mayor of Granada, is shot on the same day.[4][5] Lorca's play The House of Bernarda Alba (La casa de Bernarda Alba), completed on June 19, will not be performed until 1945.
- November 6 – After United States publication in 1934, the U.K. authorities decide they will not prosecute or seize copies of James Joyce's 1922 novel Ulysses.[6]
- November 23 – Life magazine begins to appear as a weekly news magazine in the United States, under the management of Henry Luce.
- unknown dates
- The New Theatre, Sydney, in Australia, attempts to stage Clifford Odets' anti-Nazi drama Till the Day I Die; the German Consul General in the country complains to the Commonwealth Government and the play is banned; but the theatre stages the play in private premises.[7]
- The first lighthearted crime novel by Scottish-born university teacher of English literature J. I. M. Stewart, writing as Michael Innes, is published: Death at the President's Lodging, set in Oxford. It introduces his long-running character Detective Inspector John Appleby of Scotland Yard.[8]
- The Carnegie Medal for excellence in children's literature is inaugurated by the Library Association in the United Kingdom. The first winner is Arthur Ransome for Pigeon Post.[9]
New books
Fiction
- Felipe Alfau – Locos: A Comedy of Gestures
- Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana – Layar Terkembang (With Sails Unfurled)
- Jorge Amado – Sea of Death (Mar Morto)
- Eric Ambler – The Dark Frontier[8]
- Arturo Ambrogi – El Jetón
- Nigel Balchin – Lightbody on Liberty
- Djuna Barnes – Nightwood
- Henry Bellamann – The Gray Man Walks
- Stephen Vincent Benét – "The Devil and Daniel Webster" (short story, published in The Saturday Evening Post)
- E. C. Bentley – Trent's Own Case
- Georges Bernanos – The Diary of a Country Priest
- Arna Bontemps – Black Thunder
- Mary Borden - Action for Slander
- Marjorie Bowen – The Poisoners
- Carol Ryrie Brink – Caddie Woodlawn
- John Bude – The Sussex Downs Murder
- Edgar Rice Burroughs – Tarzan's Quest
- James M. Cain – Double Indemnity
- Morley Callaghan – Now that April's Here and Other Stories
- Karel Čapek – War with the Newts (Válka s mloky)
- John Dickson Carr
- The Arabian Nights Murder
- The Punch and Judy Murders (as by Carter Dickson)
- Willa Cather – Not Under Forty
- Mihail Celarianu – Femeia sângelui meu (The Woman in My Blood)
- Louis-Ferdinand Céline – Death on the Installment Plan (Mort à crédit)
- Peter Cheyney – This Man Is Dangerous[10]
- Agatha Christie – Hercule Poirot novels
- Robert P. Tristram Coffin – John Dawn
- Freeman Wills Crofts
- Warwick Deeping – No Hero–This
- Carmen de Icaza – Cristina Guzmán
- Henry de Montherlant – Les Jeunes Filles (The Young Girls; first part of tetralogy)
- John Dos Passos – The Big Money
- William Pène du Bois – Otto at Sea
- Daphne du Maurier – Jamaica Inn
- Walter D. Edmonds – Drums Along the Mohawk
- Mircea Eliade – Miss Christina (Domnișoara Christina)
- William Faulkner – Absalom, Absalom!
- Gilbert Frankau – Farewell Romance
- Konstantine Gamsakhurdia – Stealing the Moon (Georgian: მთვარის მოტაცება, romanized: mtvaris mot'atseba)
- Anthony Gilbert – Murder by Experts
- Jean Giono – Joy of Man's Desiring (Que ma joie demeure)
- Maxim Gorky (posthumous) – The Life of Klim Samgin (the final fourth volume, unfinishes, translated as The Specter)
- Graham Greene – A Gun for Sale
- Walter Greenwood – Standing Room Only
- Winifred Holtby – South Riding
- Aldous Huxley – Eyeless in Gaza
- Michael Innes – Death at the President's Lodging
- C. L. R. James – Minty Alley
- Mikheil Javakhishvili – A Woman's Burden (Georgian: ქალის ტვირთი, Qalis tvirti)
- Storm Jameson
- None Turn Back (The Mirror in Darkness III)
- In the Second Year
- Arthur Joseph – Dark Metropolis
- Margaret Kennedy – Together and Apart
- Leo Kiacheli – Gvadi Bigva
- Jonathan Latimer – The Lady in the Morgue
- Jean de La Varende – Leather-Nose (Nez-de-Cuir)
- Alexander Lernet-Holenia – Baron Bagge (Der Baron Bagge)
- Haniel Long – Interlinear to Cabeza de Vaca
- E. C. R. Lorac
- Andrew Lytle – The Long Night
- Compton Mackenzie – Figure of Eight
- Klaus Mann – Mephisto
- Ngaio Marsh – Death in Ecstasy
- A. E. W. Mason – Fire Over England[11]
- Alan Melville – Death of Anton
- Henry Miller – Black Spring
- Gladys Mitchell – Dead Men's Morris
- Margaret Mitchell – Gone with the Wind
- Naomi Mitchison – The Fourth Pig
- John A. Moroso – Nobody's Buddy
- Anaïs Nin – House of Incest
- George Orwell – Keep the Aspidistra Flying
- John Cowper Powys – Maiden Castle
- Premchand – Godaan (Template:Lang-hi, Gōdān, The Gift of a Cow)
- Ellery Queen – Halfway House
- Ayn Rand – We the Living
- Erich Maria Remarque – Three Comrades (Drei Kameraden)
- Kate Roberts – Traed mewn cyffion (Feet in the Stocks)
- Rafael Sabatini – The Fortunes of Captain Blood
- Sim Hun – Sangnoksu (Korean: 상록수; Hanja: 常綠樹; "Evergreen (Tree)"; serialization concludes and book publication)
- Israel Joshua Singer – The Brothers Ashkenazi (Di brider Ashkenazy, in book format)
- Eleanor Smith – Portrait of a Lady
- John Steinbeck – In Dubious Battle
- Rex Stout – The Rubber Band
- Cecil Street
- Phoebe Atwood Taylor
- Frank Thiess – Tsushima
- Aleksey Tolstoy – «Золотой ключик, или Приключения Буратино» (The Golden Key, or The Adventures of Buratino)
- S. S. Van Dine – The Kidnap Murder Case
- Vũ Trọng Phụng – Số đỏ (Dumb Luck)
- Henry Wade – Bury Him Darkly
- Sylvia Townsend Warner – Summer Will Show
- Carolyn Wells – Murder in the Bookshop
- Ethel Lina White – The Wheel Spins (later The Lady Vanishes)
- Francis Brett Young – Far Forest
Children and young people
- Edward Ardizzone – Little Tim and the Brave Sea Captain (Journal d'un curé de campagne)
- M. E. Atkinson – August Adventure
- Carol Ryrie Brink – Caddie Woodlawn
- Joanna Cannan – A Pony for Jean (first of nine Pony series books)
- Noel Langley – The Tale of the Land of Green Ginger
- Munro Leaf – The Story of Ferdinand
- John A. Moroso – Nobody's Buddy
- Carola Oman – Ferry the Fearless
- Arthur Ransome – Pigeon Post
- Ruth Sawyer – Roller Skates
- Lester Basil Sinclair (as John Mystery) – Why Cows Moo
- Noel Streatfeild – Ballet Shoes (illustrated by Ruth Gervis)
- Barbara Euphan Todd – Worzel Gummidge (first in the Worzel Gummidge series of eleven books)
- Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy – The Golden Key, or the Adventures of Buratino
Drama
- Pralhad Keshav Atre
- Lagnāchi Bedi
- Udyāchā Sansār
- W. H. Auden and Christopher Isherwood – The Ascent of F6 (published English edition)
- S. N. Behrman – End of Summer
- Charles Bennett – Page From a Diary
- Bertolt Brecht – Round Heads and Pointed Heads (Die Rundköpfe und die Spitzköpfe)
- Noël Coward
- Mazo de la Roche and Nancy Price – Whiteoaks
- Henry de Montherlant – Pasiphaé
- Harley Granville-Barker – Waste (first public performance, 1927 version; originally written 1906)
- Ian Hay – The Frog
- George S. Kaufman and Moss Hart – You Can't Take It with You
- Sinclair Lewis and John C. Moffitt – It Can't Happen Here (dramatisation)
- Federico García Lorca – The House of Bernarda Alba (La casa de Bernarda Alba; written)
- Clare Boothe Luce – The Women
- Barré Lyndon – The Amazing Dr. Clitterhouse
- J. B. Priestley – Bees on the Boat Deck
- Terence Rattigan – French Without Tears
- Dorothy L. Sayers and Muriel St. Clare Byrne – Busman's Honeymoon: A Detective Comedy in Three Acts
- Irwin Shaw – Bury the Dead
- George Shiels
- The Jailbird
- The Passing Day
- Ödön von Horváth
- Don Juan kommt aus dem Krieg (Don Juan Comes Back From the War)
- Figaro läßt sich scheiden (Figaro Gets a Divorce)
Poetry
- W. H. Auden – Look, Stranger![12]
- Gottfried Benn – Ausgewählte Gedichte (Selected Poems)
- T. S. Eliot – Collected Poems 1909–35[12] including "Burnt Norton", first of the Four Quartets
- Patrick Kavanagh – Ploughman, and Other Poems
- Michael Roberts (ed.) – The Faber Book of Modern Verse
- Dylan Thomas – Twenty-five Poems[12]
- W. B. Yeats (ed.) – The Oxford Book of Modern Verse 1892–1935
Non-fiction
- A. J. Ayer – Language, Truth, and Logic
- John Dickson Carr – The Murder of Sir Edmund Godfrey
- Victor Hugo Green – The Negro Motorist Green Book (1st edn)
- Graham Greene – Journey Without Maps
- Richard Foster Jones – Ancients and Moderns: A Study of the Background of The Battle of the Books
- Carl Gustav Jung – The Idea of Redemption in Alchemy (Die Erlösungsvorstellungen in der Alchemie)
- John Maynard Keynes – The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money
- Osbert Lancaster – Progress at Pelvis Bay
- F. R. Leavis – Revaluation: Tradition and Development in English Poetry
- C. S. Lewis – The Allegory of Love
- Karl Mannheim – Ideology and Utopia
- Edwin Muir – Scott and Scotland
- George Orwell – "Bookshop Memories"
- Olavi Paavolainen – Kolmannen valtakunnan vieraana (Guest of the Third Reich)
- J. R. R. Tolkien – "Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics" (version of a lecture)
Births
- January 5 – Florence King, American writer (died 2016)
- January 10 – Stephen E. Ambrose, American historian (died 2002)
- January 28 – Ismail Kadare, Albanian novelist and poet
- February 12 – Shawkat Ali, Bangladeshi writer (died 2018)
- February 18 – Jean M. Auel, American historical novelist
- March 1 – Jean-René Huguenin, French novelist and literary critic (died in 1962)
- March 7 – Georges Perec, French novelist, filmmaker and essayist (died 1982)
- March 28 – Peter Mayer, English-born publisher (died 2018)
- March 31 – Marge Piercy, American poet and activist
- April 30 – Viktor Likhonosov, Soviet Russian writer and editor
- May 10 – Anthea Bell, English translator (died 2018)
- May 23 – Ian Kennedy Martin, English scriptwriter and novelist
- May 27 – Ivo Brešan, Croatian playwright, novelist, screenwriter and satirist (died 2016)
- June 3
- Duff Hart-Davis, English biographer and journalist
- Larry McMurtry, American novelist, essayist and screenwriter (died 2021)
- June 9 – Nell Dunn, English playwright and author
- June 18 – Dick Wimmer, American novelist (died 2011)
- June 23 – Richard Bach, American novelist and non-fiction writer
- June 24 – J. H. Prynne, English poet
- June 29 – David Rudkin, English playwright
- July 5 – Valerie Flint, English medieval historian (died 2009)
- July 6 – Abidullah Ghazi, Indian-American author, educator and poet
- July 22 – Tom Robbins, American novelist
- August 8 – Jan Pieńkowski, Polish-born British children's writer and illustrator (died 2022)
- August 24 – A. S. Byatt, English novelist (died 2023)
- September 1 – Roderick Thorp, American novelist (died 1999)
- September 2 – Károly Krajczár, Hungarian Slovene teacher, writer and collector (died 2018)
- September 20 – Andrew Davies, Welsh novelist and screenwriter
- September 26 – Victor Watson, English children's writer and academic
- October 1 – Kailayar Sellanainar Sivakumaran, Sri Lankan writer, art and literary critic, journalist and radio and TV personality
- October 5 – Václav Havel, Czech dramatist and first president of Czech Republic (died 2011)
- November 4 – C. K. Williams, American poet (died 2015)
- November 17 – John Wells, English satirical writer and actor (died 1998)
- November 18 – Suzette Haden Elgin, American science fiction writer (died 2015)[13]
- November 20 – Don DeLillo, American novelist
- November 25 – William McIlvanney, Scottish novelist, short story writer and poet (died 2015)
- November 27 – Dahlia Ravikovitch, Israeli poet (died 2005)
- December 1 – Ma Văn Kháng, Vietnamese writer
- December 2 – Hebe Uhart, Argentine writer (died 2018)
- December 5
- James Lee Burke, American writer
- Lewis Nkosi, Zulu writer (died 2010)
- December 11 – Ingvar Moe, Norwegian poet, novelist and children's writer (died 1993)
- December 17 – Frank Martinus Arion, Curaçaoan novelist and poet (died 2015)
Deaths
- January 4 – James Churchward, British writer (born 1851)
- January 5 – Ramón del Valle-Inclán, Spanish dramatist and novelist (born 1866)
- January 17 – Mateiu Caragiale, Romanian novelist and poet (stroke, born 1885)
- January 18 – Rudyard Kipling, English writer and Nobel laureate (born 1865)
- February 7 – Elizabeth Robins Pennell, American biographer and critic based in London (born 1855)
- February 8 – Rahel Sanzara, German dancer, actress and novelist (cancer, born 1894)
- February 23 – Lidia Veselitskaya (V. Mikulich), Russian novelist, memoirist and translator (born 1857)
- March 1 – Mikhail Kuzmin, Russian poet, musician and novelist (born 1872)
- March 9 – A. de Herz, Romanian playwright and journalist (hemoptysis, born 1887)
- March 16 – Marguerite Durand, French actress and journalist (born 1864)
- April 30 – A. E. Housman, English poet (born 1859)
- June 11 – Robert E. Howard, American fantasy writer (suicide, born 1906)
- June 12:
- M. R. James, English ghost story writer and scholar (born 1862)
- Karl Kraus, Austrian writer and journalist (born 1874)
- June 14 – G. K. Chesterton, English novelist, poet and Catholic apologist (born 1874)
- June 18 – Maxim Gorky, Russian dramatist (born 1868)
- July 25 – Donald Maxwell, English travel writer and illustrator (born 1877)
- July 26 – F. J. Harvey Darton English children's literature historian and publisher (born 1878)
- August 8 – Mourning Dove, Native American writer (born 1884)
- August 15 – Grazia Deledda, Sardinian-born novelist and Nobel laureate (born 1871)
- August 19 – Federico García Lorca, Spanish dramatist and poet (shot, born 1898)
- August 26 – Juliette Adam, French author (born 1836)[14]
- October 5 – J. Slauerhoff, Dutch poet and novelist (born 1898)
- October 9 – Harriette A. Keyser, American industrial reformer (born 1841)
- November 12 – Stefan Grabiński, Polish horror writer (born 1887)
- December – Emma Sheridan Fry, American actor, playwright, and drama teacher (born 1864)
- December 10 – Luigi Pirandello, Italian dramatist and novelist (born 1867)
- December 24 – Frances Garnet Wolseley, 2nd Viscountess Wolseley, English horticulturist and garden writer (born 1872)
- December 27 – Kristína Royová, Slovak novelist, religious writer and poet (born 1860)
- December 28 – John Cornford, English poet (killed in action, born 1915)[15]
- December 31 – Miguel de Unamuno, Spanish novelist, poet and scholar (born 1864)
- date unknown – Bertha M. Wilson, American playwright, critic and actress (born 1874)
Awards
- Carnegie Medal for children's literature: Arthur Ransome, Pigeon Post
- James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction: Winifred Holtby, South Riding
- James Tait Black Memorial Prize for biography: Edward Sackville West, A Flame in Sunlight: The Life and Work of Thomas de Quincey
- Newbery Medal for children's literature: Carol Ryrie Brink, Caddie Woodlawn
- Nobel Prize in literature: Eugene Gladstone O'Neill
- Prix Goncourt: Maxence Van Der Meersch, L'Empreinte de Dieu[16]
- Pulitzer Prize for Drama: Robert E. Sherwood, Idiot's Delight
- Pulitzer Prize for Poetry: Robert P. Tristram Coffin, Strange Holiness
- Pulitzer Prize for the Novel: Harold L. Davis, Honey in the Horn
References
- ^ Gibson, Ian (1992). Lorca's Granada. Faber & Faber. ISBN 0-571-16489-7.
- ^ Schultz, Sigrid (1936-01-09). "Beef Shortage Drives Germany to Frozen Meat". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 13.
- ^ Baker, Kenneth (2016). On the Burning of Books. London: Unicorn. pp. 66–68. ISBN 978-1-910787-11-3.
- ^ Gibson, Ian (1983). The Assassination of Federico García Lorca. London: Penguin Books. p. 164.
- ^ Gibson, Ian (1996). El assasinato de García Lorca (in Spanish). Barcelona: Plaza and Janes. p. 255. ISBN 978-84-663-1314-8.
- ^ Birmingham, Kevin (2014). The most dangerous book: the battle for James Joyce's Ulysses. London: Head of Zeus. ISBN 9781784080723.
- ^ "New Theatre proves that art IS a weapon". Tribune. No. 746. New South Wales, Australia. 25 June 1952. p. 5. Retrieved 2023-05-15 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ a b Keating, H. R. F. (1982). Whodunit? – a guide to crime, suspense and spy fiction. London: Windward. ISBN 0-7112-0249-4.
- ^ The Bookseller. J. Whitaker. 1957. p. 1964.
- ^ Sutherland, John (2007). Bestsellers: a very short introduction. Oxford University Press. p. 94. ISBN 978-0-19-921489-1.
- ^ Library of Congress. Copyright Office (1936). Catalog of Copyright Entries. Part 1. [A] Group 1. Books. New Series. p. 1171.
- ^ a b c Cox, Michael, ed. (2004). The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-860634-6.
- ^ "Authors : Elgin, Suzette Haden : SFE : Science Fiction Encyclopedia". www.sf-encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 9 April 2019.
- ^ Crecelius, Kathryn J.; Offen, Karen (1991). "Juliette Adam". In Wilson, Katharina M. (ed.). An Encyclopedia of Continental Women Writers Volume 1. New York: Garland. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-82408-547-6.
- ^ Haycock, David Boyd (2012). I Am Spain. Brecon. pp. 143–44.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ The Year's Work in Modern Language Studies by a Number of Scholars. CUP Archive. p. 119.