User:Lichomsm/Early onset dementia
 | This is the sandbox page where you will draft your initial Wikipedia contribution.
If you're starting a new article, you can develop it here until it's ready to go live. If you're working on improvements to an existing article, copy only one section at a time of the article to this sandbox to work on, and be sure to use an edit summary linking to the article you copied from. Do not copy over the entire article. You can find additional instructions here. Remember to save your work regularly using the "Publish page" button. (It just means 'save'; it will still be in the sandbox.) You can add bold formatting to your additions to differentiate them from existing content. |
Article Draft
Lead
Early onset dementia or young onset dementia refers to dementia with symptom onset prior to age 65. This condition is a significant public health concern as the number of individuals with early onset dementia is increasing worldwide, highlighting the importance of accurate diagnosis, management, and treatment for this disease.
Article body
Overview
Early onset dementia (EOD) is a general term that describes progressive cognitive decline, particularly deficits in behavior, executive function, or language. This condition may occur due to various different causes, including degenerative, inflammatory, or infectious processes. Early-onset Alzheimer's disease, Frontotemporal dementia, and Vascular dementia are the most common forms of early onset dementia, with Alzheimer's disease accounting for between 30 and 40% of cases[1]. Early onset dementia may also occur in the Lewy body dementias (dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease dementia), multiple sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and other conditions.
Epidemiology
Recent studies estimate the prevalence of early onset dementia to be approximately 3.9 million people aged 30-64 worldwide, with an incidence of 119 per 100,000 individuals[2]. Although early onset is less common than late onset dementia (LOD), it does follow the pattern of doubling in prevalence every five years[3].
Terminology
Early v. late-onset dementia
Compared to late onset dementia, patients with early onset dementia are more likely to have dementias other than Alzheimer's disease, though Alzheimer's is the most common etiology in either case[3]. In general, early onset dementia has a faster progression and features more extensive neurological damage when compared to late onset dementia. It is hypothesized that this may be due to decreased cognitive reserve seen in late onset dementias, causing greater complication relative to pathological damage[3]. Furthermore, studies have shown differences in the areas of cognition that are likely to be affected when comparing early onset to late onset dementia. In terms of behavioral symptoms, more likely to affect attention, but less likely to cause confusion, delusions, hallucinations, agitation, or disinhibition. In terms of motor symptoms, EOD is less likely to affect verbal fluency and motor executive function compared to late onset dementia[3].
Specific Types of EOD
Though not a major cause of early onset dementia, TBIs are an important cause of EOD. Young individuals, especially males, are more likely to be part of this population group.
References
- ^ Quach, C.; Hommet, C.; Mondon, K.; Lauvin, M. A.; Cazals, X.; Cottier, J. P. (2014-04-01). "Early-onset dementias: Specific etiologies and contribution of MRI". Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging. 95 (4): 377–398. doi:10.1016/j.diii.2013.07.009. ISSN 2211-5684.
- ^ Hendriks, Stevie; Peetoom, Kirsten; Bakker, Christian; van der Flier, Wiesje M.; Papma, Janne M.; Koopmans, Raymond; Verhey, Frans R. J.; de Vugt, Marjolein; Köhler, Sebastian; Withall, Adrienne; Parlevliet, Juliette L.; Uysal-Bozkir, Özgül; Gibson, Roger C.; Neita, Susanne M.; Nielsen, Thomas Rune (2021-09). "Global Prevalence of Young-Onset Dementia". JAMA Neurology. 78 (9): 1–11. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.2161. ISSN 2168-6149. PMC 8290331. PMID 34279544.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ a b c d Vieira, Renata Teles; Caixeta, Leonardo; Machado, Sergio; Silva, Adriana Cardoso; Nardi, Antonio Egidio; Arias-Carrión, Oscar; Carta, Mauro Giovanni (2013-06-14). "Epidemiology of early-onset dementia: a review of the literature". Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health : CP & EMH. 9: 88–95. doi:10.2174/1745017901309010088. ISSN 1745-0179. PMC 3715758. PMID 23878613.