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A.S. Roma
emblem
Full nameAssociazione Sportiva Roma SpA
Nickname(s)i Giallorossi (the Yellow-reds)
La Magica (The Magic)
i Lupi (the Wolves)
FoundedJuly 22, 1927
GroundStadio Olimpico
Rome, Italy
Capacity72,698
Head CoachItaly Luciano Spalletti
LeagueSerie A
2007–08Serie A, 2nd
Current season

Associazione Sportiva Roma, (BIT: ASR) commonly referred to as simply Roma, is an Italian professional football club from Rome. Founded by a merger in 1927, Roma have participated at the top-tier of Italian football for all of their existence apart from one season. For their 56th season in a row, Roma are competing in Serie A for 2007–08.

Roma have won Serie A three times, first in 1941–42 then again in 1982–83 and 2000–01. As well as winning nine Coppa Italia trophies; on the European stage Roma won an Inter-Cities Fairs Cup in 1960–61, but have had come close to success finishing as runners-up in the European Cup in 1983–84 and the UEFA Cup in 1990–91.

Home games are played at the Stadio Olimpico, a stadium they share with rivals SS Lazio. With a capacity of over 72,698 it is the second largest of its kind in Italy, only the San Siro is bigger. Currently A.S. Roma are the Coppa Italia and Supercoppa Italiana holders in Italian football.

History

Main article: History of A.S. Roma

For information on the current season, see A.S. Roma 2008-09

File:ASRoma1927.jpg
Historic first ever Roma club shot.

Associazione Sportiva Roma was founded in the summer of 1927 by Italo Foschi,[1] who initiated the merger of three older Italian Football Championship clubs from the city of Rome; Roman, Alba-Audace and Fortitudo.[1] The purpose of the merger was to give the Eternal City a strong club to rival that of the more dominant Northern Italian clubs of the time.[1] The only major Roman club to resist the merger was Lazio who were already a well established sporting society.[2]

The club played its earliest seasons at the Motovelodromo Appio stadium,[3] before settling in the working-class streets of Testaccio, where it built an all-wooden ground Campo Testaccio; this was opened in November 1929.[4] An early season in which Roma made a large mark was the 1930–31 championship, the club finished as runners-up behind Juventus.[5] Captain Attilio Ferraris along with Guido Masetti, Fulvio Bernardini and Rodolfo Volk were highly important players during this period.[6]

First title victory and decline

After a slump in league form and the departure of high key players, Roma eventually rebuilt their squad adding goalscorers such as the Argentine Enrique Guaita.[7] Under the management of Luigi Barbesino, the Roman club came close to their first title in 1935–36; finishing just one point behind champions Bologna.[8]

File:ASRoma1941-42.jpg
Serie A winners in 1941–42.

Roma returned to form after being inconsistent for much of the late 1930s; A.S. Roma recorded an unexpected title triumph in the 1941–42 season by winning their first ever scudetto title.[9] The eighteen goals scored by local player Amedeo Amadei were essential to the Alfréd Schaffer coached Roma side winning the title. At the time Italy was involved in World War II and Roma were playing at the Stadio del Partito Nazionale Fascista.[10]

In the years just after the war, Roma were unable to recapture their league stature from the early 1940s.[5] Roma finished in the lower half of Serie A for five seasons in a row, before eventually succumbing to their only ever relegation to Serie B at the end of the 1950–51 season;[11][5] around a decade after their championship victory. Under future national team manager Giuseppe Viani, promotion straight back up was achieved.[12]

After returning to Serie A, Roma managed to stabilise themselves as a top half club again with players such as Egisto Pandolfini, Dino Da Costa and Dane Helge Bronée.[5] Their best finish of this period was under the management of Englishman Jesse Carver, when in 1954–55 they finished as runners-up, after Udinese who originally finished second were relegated for corruption.[5]

Although Roma were unable to break into the top four during the following decade, they did achieve some measure of cup success. Their first honour outside of Italy was recorded in 1960–61 when Roma won the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup by beating Birmingham City 4–2 in the finals.[13] A few years later Roma won their first Coppa Italia trophy in 1963–64, by beating Torino 1–0.[14] Their second Coppa Italia trophy was won in 1968–69 when it was competed in a small league like system.[14] Giacomo Losi set a Roma appearance record during 1969 with 450 appearances in all competitions, the record he set would last for 38 years.[15]

Time of mixed fortunes

Roma were able to add another cup to their collection in 1972, with a 3–1 victory over Blackpool in the Anglo-Italian Cup.[16] During much of the 1970s Roma's appearance in the top half of Serie A was sporadic. The best place the club were able to achieve during the decade was third in 1974–75.[5] Notable players who turned out for the club during this period included midfielders Giancarlo De Sisti and Francesco Rocca.

File:Pruzzo 78-79.jpg
Pruzzo with Roma and a scudetto patch.

The dawning of a newly successful era in Roma's footballing history was brought in with another Coppa Italia victory, they beat Torino on penalties to win the 1979–80 cup.[14] Roma would reach heights in the league which they had not touched since the '40s by narrowly and controversially finishing as runners-up to Juventus in 1980–81.[17] Former Milan player Nils Liedholm was the manager at the time, with prominent players such as Bruno Conti, Agostino Di Bartolomei, Roberto Pruzzo and Falcão.[18]

The second scudetto did not elude Roma for much longer; in 1982–83 the Roman club won the title for the first time in 41 years, amidst joyous celebrations in the capital.[19] The following season Roma finished as runners-up in Italy[5] and collected a Coppa Italia title,[14] they also finished as runners-up in the European Cup final of 1984.[20] The European Cup final with Liverpool ended in a 1–1 draw with a goal from Pruzzo, but Roma eventually lost the penalty shoot-out.[20] Roma's successful run in the 1980s would finish with a runners-up spot in 1985–86[5] and a Coppa Italia victory, beating out Sampdoria 3–2.[14]

After that a comparative decline began in the league, one of the few league highs from the following period was a third place in 1987–88.[5] At the start of the 1990s the club was involved in an all-Italian UEFA Cup final, where they lost 2–1 to Internazionale in 1991;[21] the same season the club won its seventh Coppa Italia trophy[14] and ended runners-up to Sampdoria in the Supercoppa Italiana. Aside from finishing runners-up to Torino in a Coppa Italia final,[14] the rest of the decade was largely sub-par in the history of Roma; especially in the league where the highest they could manage was fourth in 1997–98.[5]

In the new millennium

Roma returned to form in the 2000s, starting the decade in great style by winning their third ever Serie A title in 2000–01; the scudetto was won on the last day of the season by beating Parma 3–1, edging out Juventus by two points.[5] The club's captain, Francesco Totti was a large reason for the title victory and he would become one of the main heroes in the club's history,[18] going on to break several club records.[18] Other important players during this period included Aldair, Cafu, Gabriel Batistuta and Vincenzo Montella.[22] The club attempted to defend the title in the following season but ended as runners-up to Juventus by just one point.[5] This would be the start of Roma finishing as runners-up many times in both Serie A and Coppa Italia during the 2000s; they lost out 4–2 to AC Milan in the Coppa Italia final of 2003[14] and lost out to Milan again by finishing second in Serie A for the 2003–04 season.[5]

A Serie A scandal was revealed during 2006 and Roma were one of the teams not involved; after punishments were handed out Roma was re-classified as runners-up for 2005–06;[23] the same season in which they finished second in the Coppa Italia losing to Inter.[14] In the two following seasons Roma finished as Serie A runners-up, meaning that in the 2000s Roma have finished in the top two positions more than any other decade in their history.[24] Meanwhile in the Champions League during both of these seasons they reached the quarter-finals before going out to Manchester United.[25]

Players

Current squad

As of August 3 2008 [26]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
2 DF Italy ITA Christian Panucci (vice-captain)
3 DF Brazil BRA Cicinho
4 DF Brazil BRA Juan
5 DF France FRA Philippe Mexès
7 MF Chile CHI David Pizarro
8 MF Italy ITA Alberto Aquilani
9 FW Montenegro MNE Mirko Vučinić
10 FW Italy ITA Francesco Totti (captain)
11 MF Brazil BRA Rodrigo Taddei
12 GK Italy ITA Pietro Pipolo
15 DF Italy ITA Simone Loria
16 MF Italy ITA Daniele De Rossi
17 DF Norway NOR John Arne Riise
18 FW Italy ITA Mauro Esposito
No. Pos. Nation Player
19 MF Brazil BRA Júlio Baptista
20 MF Italy ITA Simone Perrotta
21 MF Honduras HON Edgar Álvarez
22 DF Italy ITA Max Tonetto
23 FW Italy ITA Vincenzo Montella
25 GK Brazil BRA Arthur Moraes
27 GK Brazil BRA Júlio Sérgio
28 DF Italy ITA Marco Andreolli
32 GK Brazil BRA Doni
33 MF Italy ITA Matteo Brighi
34 MF Italy ITA Valerio Virga
77 DF Italy ITA Marco Cassetti
89 FW Italy ITA Stefano Okaka Chuka
For all transfers events pertaining to Roma for the current season, please see: A.S. Roma 2008-09

Retired numbers

Main article: Retired numbers in football

6 – Brazil Aldair, centre back, 1990–2003[18]

Notable players

Main article: List of A.S. Roma players
For a list of all former and current Roma players with a Wikipedia article, see Category:A.S. Roma players.


Presidential history

Roma have had numerous presidents over the course of their history, some of which have been the owners of the club, others have been honorary presidents. Franco Sensi was the chairman until his demise in 2008, with his daughter Rosella Sensi in place as honorary president.[27] Here is a complete list of Roma presidents from 1927 until the present day.[27]

 
Name Years
Italo Foschi 1927–1928
Renato Sacerdoti 1928–1934
Vittorio Scialoja 1934–1936
Igino Bettini 1936–1941
Edgardo Bazzini 1941–1943
Pietro Baldassarre 1943–1949
Pier Carlo Restagno 1949–1952
Romolo Vaselli 1952
Pier Carlo Restagno
Renato Sacerdoti 		1952–1953
Renato Sacerdoti 1953–1958
Anacleto Gianni 1958–1962
 
Name Years
Francesco Marini-Dettina 1962–1965
Franco Evangelisti 1965–1968
Francesco Ranucci 1968–1969
Alvaro Marchini 1969–1971
Gaetano Anzalone 1971–1979
Dino Viola 1979–1991
Flora Viola 1991
Giuseppe Ciarrapico 1991–1993
Ciro Di Martino 1993
Franco Sensi 1993–2008

Managerial history

Main article: List of A.S. Roma managers

Roma have had many managers and trainers running the team during their history, here is a chronological list of them from 1927 onwards.[12]

 
Name Nationality Years
William Garbutt England 1927–1929
Guido Baccani Italy 1929–1930
Herbert Burgess England 1930–1932
Lászlo Barr Hungary 1932–1933
Lajos Kovács Hungary 1933–1934
Luigi Barbesino Italy 1934–1938
Guido Ara Italy 1938–1939
Alfréd Schaffer Hungary 1939–1942
Géza Kertész Hungary 1942–1943
Guido Masetti Italy 1943–1945
Giovanni Degni Italy 1945–1947
Imre Senkey Hungary 1947–1948
Luigi Brunella Italy 1948–1949
Fulvio Bernardini Italy 1949–1950
Adolfo Baloncieri Italy 1950
Pietro Serantoni Italy 1950
Guido Masetti Italy 1950–1951
Giuseppe Viani Italy 1951–1953
Mario Varglien Italy 1953–1954
Jesse Carver England 1954–1956
György Sarosi Hungary 1956
Guido Masetti Italy 1956–1957
Alec Stock England 1957–1958
Gunnar Nordahl Sweden 1958–1959
György Sarosi Italy 1959–1960
Alfredo Foni Italy 1960–1961
Luis Carniglia Argentina 1961–1963
Naim Krieziu Albania 1963
Alfredo Foni Italy 1963–1964
 
Name Nationality Years
Luis Miró Spain 1964–1965
Juan Carlos Lorenzo Argentina 1965–1966
Oronzo Pugliese Italy 1966–1968
Helenio Herrera Argentina 1968–1970
Luciano Tessari Italy 1970
Helenio Herrera Argentina 1971–1972
Tonino Trebiciani Italy 1972–1973
Nils Liedholm Sweden 1974–1977
Gustavo Giagnoni Italy 1978–1979
Ferruccio Valcareggi Italy 1979–1980
Nils Liedholm Sweden 1980–1984
Sven-Göran Eriksson Sweden 1984–1986
Angelo Sormani Italy 1986–1988
Nils Liedholm Sweden 1988
Luciano Spinosi Italy 1988–1989
Gigi Radice Italy 1989–1990
Ottavio Bianchi Italy 1990–1992
Vujadin Boškov Serbia 1992–1993
Carlo Mazzone Italy 1993–1996
Carlos Bianchi Argentina 1996
Nils Liedholm Sweden 1996
Ezio Sella Italy 1996
Zdeněk Zeman Czech Republic 1997–1999
Fabio Capello Italy 1999–2004
Cesare Prandelli Italy 2004
Rudi Völler Germany 2004
Luigi Del Neri Italy 2004–2005
Bruno Conti Italy 2005
Luciano Spalletti Italy 2005–present

Club statistics and records

Main article: A.S. Roma statistics and records
Historical A.S. Roma positions in Serie A

Francesco Totti holds Roma's official appearance record, having made 496 (as of March 2008) appearances in all competitions, over the course of 15 seasons from 1992 until the present day.[28] He also holds the record for Serie A appearances with 388, as he passed Giacomo Losi on March 1, 2008, during a home match against Parma. [29]

Including all competitions, Francesco Totti is the all-time leading goalscorer for Roma, with 188 goals since joining the club, 151 of which were scored in Serie A (another Roma record).[28] Roberto Pruzzo, who was the all-time topscorer since 1988 comes in second in all competitions with 136. In the 1930–31 season, Rodolfo Volk scored 29 goals in Serie A over the course of a single season, not only was he the league's topscorer that year, but he set a Roma record for most goals scored in a season, which still lasts today.[28]

The first ever official game participated in by Roma was in the Italian Football Championship of 1928–29, the predecessor of Serie A, against Livorno; Roma won 2–0.[30] The biggest ever victory recorded by Roma was 9–0 against Cremonese during the Serie A season of 1929–30.[28] The highest defeat Roma have ever suffered is 7–1, this has happened three times; first against Juventus during 1931–32, then against Torino in 1947–48 and most recently against Manchester United in 2006–07.[28]

Colours, badge and nicknames

Roma's colours of maroon red with a golden yellow trim represents the traditional colours of the Eternal City, the official seal of the comuni features the same colours.[31] The gold symbolizes God in Roman Catholicism,[32] while the maroon represents imperial dignity.[33] White shorts and black socks are usually worn with the maroon red shirt, however in particularly high key games the shorts and socks are the same colour as the home shirt.[34]

File:ASRomaOldBadge.png
Roma's crest used since 1979 until 1997

The kit itself was originally worn by Roman Football Club; one of the three clubs who merged to form the current incarnation in 1927.[35] Because of the colours they wear, Roma are often nicknamed i giallorossi meaning the yellow-reds.[36] Roma's away kit is traditionally white, with a third kit changing colour from time to time.

A popular nickname for the club is i lupi (the wolves), the animal has always featured on the club's badge in different forms throughout their history. Currently the emblem of the team is the one which was used when the club was first founded. It portrays the female wolf with the two infant brothers Romulus and Remus, illustrating the myth of the creation of Rome,[37] superimposed on a bipartite golden yellow over maroon red shield.[38]

In the myth from which the club take their nickname and logo, the twins (sons of Mars and Rhea Silvia) are thrown into the River Tiber by their uncle Amulius, a she-wolf saved the twins and looked after them.[37] Eventually the two twins took revenge on Amulius, before falling out themselves; Romulus killed Remus and as thus was made king of a new city named in his honour, Rome.[37]

Shirt sponsors and manufacturers

Period Kit manufacturer Shirt sponsor[39]
1970–1971 Lacoste None
1972–1976 None
1977–1979 Adidas
1979–1980 Pouchain
1980–1981 Playground
1981–1982 Barilla (Pasta)
1982–1983 Patrick
1983–1986 Kappa
1986–1991 NR
1991–1994 Adidas
1994–1995 Asics Nuova Tirrena (Insurance)
1995–1997 INA Assitalia (Insurance)
1997–2000 Diadora
2000–2002 Kappa
2002–2003 Mazda (Automobile)
2003–2005 Diadora
2005–2006 Banca Italease (Banking Group)
2006–2007 None
2007– Kappa WIND (Telecommunication)

Supporters and rivalries

Roma is the fourth most supported football club in Italy with around 6% of Italian football fans supporting the club (according to the Doxa Institute-L'Expresso’s research of April 2006).[40] Historically the largest section of Roma supporters in the city of Rome have come from the inner-city and south parts, which is the working-class area of the city, especially Testaccio.[4]

Roma fans at the Stadio Olimpico.

The traditional ultras group of the club was the politically left-leaning Commando Ultrà Curva Sud[41] commonly abbreviated as CUCS; this group was founded by the merger of many smallers groups and was considered one of the most historic in the history of European football.[41] However, by the mid-1990s CUCS had been usurped by rival factions and ultimately broke up. Since that time, the Curva Sud of the Stadio Olimpico has been controlled by more right-wing groups;[41] A.S. Roma Ultras, Boys, Giovinezza and others. The oldest group Fedayn is apolitical however and politics is not the raison d'être of Roma, just a part of their overall identity.

The club anthem and motto is La Roma non si discute, si ama[42] by local singer Antonello Venditti. The title roughly means "Roma is not discussed, it is loved" and is sung before each match, the song Grazie Roma, by the same singer, is played at the end of victorious home games. Recently, the main riff of The White Stripes song Seven Nation Army has also become widely popular at games.[43]

Stadio Olimpico during a Roma match

In Italian football Roma are a club with many rivalries; first and foremost is their rivalry with Lazio, the club who they share the Stadio Olimpico stadium with. The derby between the two is called the Derby della Capitale, it is amongst the most heated and emotional footballing rivalries in the world. A Lazio fan, Vincenzo Paparelli was killed at one of the derby games during the 1979–80 season after being hit in the eye by a flare thrown by a Roma fan.[44]

A second extreme incident happened during the Rome derby in 2003, when it was called off after Roma ultras spread untrue rumours that a child had been killed by police during the game.[45] The game was called off but there was trouble on the streets outside of the stadium, with battles between police and ultras in which 150 police officers were injured, as well as a number of tifosi; nobody was killed.[45] With Napoli, Roma also compete in the Derby del Sole rivalry meaning the "Derby of the Sun"; the two cities are within close proximity to each other and the two clubs are the most successful in Central and Southern Italy.[46] The fans also consider Juventus, AC Milan and Inter amongst their rivals.[41]

Honours

National titles

Serie A:

A mural of Francesco Totti painted after Roma's 2000–01 Serie A title victory, their third in total

Coppa Italia:

Supercoppa Italiana:

Serie B:

  • Winners (1): 1951–52

European titles

European Cup / UEFA Champions League:

Inter-Cities Fairs Cup:

UEFA Cup:

Anglo-Italian Cup:

  • Winners (1): 1971–72

Anglo-Italian League Cup:

  • Runners-up (1): 1969

Youth titles

Campionato Nazionale Primavera:

  • Winner (6): 1972–73; 1973–74; 1977–78; 1983–84; 1989–90; 2004–05

Coppa Italia Primavera:

  • Winner (3): 1973–74; 1974–75; 1993–94

Torneo di Viareggio:

  • Winner (3): 1981; 1983; 1991
  • Runners-up (7): 1950; 1957; 1978; 1985; 1989; 1992; 2007

Associazione Sportiva Roma as a company

Since 1999, during Franco Sensi's period in charge, Associazione Sportiva Roma has been a joint stock company. Currently Roma's shares are distributed between; 64.3% to Compagnia Italpetroli SpA (the Sensi family holding), 2.7% to ABN AMRO Holding NV, 2.5% to Danilo Coppola and 30.4% to other shareholders.[47]

Along with Lazio and Juventus, i Lupi is one of only three Italian clubs quotated in Borsa Italiana (Italian stock exchange). According to The Football Money League published by consultants Deloitte, in the season 2005–06, Roma was the twelfth highest earning football club in the world with an estimated revenue of €127 million.[48]

In April 2008, after months of speculation, George Soros was confirmed by Rosella Sensi, CEO of Italian Serie A association football club A.S. Roma, to be bidding for a takeover.[49]

References

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