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Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution

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"EDGE" redirects here. For other uses, see Edge.

Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), Enhanced GPRS (EGPRS), or IMT Single Carrier (IMT-SC) is a backward-compatible digital mobile phone technology that allows improved data transmission rates, as an extension on top of standard GSM. EDGE can be considered a 3G radio technology and is part of ITU's 3G definition,[1] but is most frequently referred to as 2.75G. EDGE was deployed on GSM networks beginning in 2003— initially by Cingular (now AT&T) in the United States.[2]

EDGE is standardized by 3GPP as part of the GSM family, and it is an upgrade that provides a potential three-fold increase in capacity of GSM/GPRS networks. The specification achieves higher data-rates by switching to more sophisticated methods of coding, within existing GSM timeslots. Introducing 8PSK encoding, EDGE is capable of delivering higher bit-rates per radio channel in good conditions.

EDGE can be used for any packet switched application, such as an Internet connection. High-speed data applications such as video services and other multimedia benefit from EGPRS' increased data capacity. EDGE Circuit Switched is a possible future development[citation needed].

Evolved EDGE was added in Release 7 of the 3GPP standard. This is a further extension on top of EDGE, providing reduced latency and potential speeds of 1Mbit/s by using even more complex coding functions than the 8PSK originally introduced with EDGE.

Technology

EDGE/EGPRS is implemented as a bolt-on enhancement for 2G and 2.5G GSM and GPRS networks, making it easier for existing GSM carriers to upgrade to it. EDGE/EGPRS is a superset to GPRS and can function on any network with GPRS deployed on it, provided the carrier implements the necessary upgrade.

Although EDGE requires no hardware or software changes to be made in GSM core networks, base stations must be modified. EDGE compatible transceiver units must be installed and the base station subsystem needs to be upgraded to support EDGE. If the operator already has this in place, which is often the case today, the network can be upgraded to EDGE by activating an optional software feature. Today EDGE is supported by all major chip vendors for GSM. New mobile terminal hardware and software is also required to decode/encode the new modulation and coding schemes and carry the higher user data rates to implement new services.

Transmission techniques

In addition to Gaussian minimum-shift keying (GMSK), EDGE uses higher-order PSK/8 phase shift keying (8PSK) for the upper five of its nine modulation and coding schemes. EDGE produces a 3-bit word for every change in carrier phase. This effectively triples the gross data rate offered by GSM. EDGE, like GPRS, uses a rate adaptation algorithm that adapts the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) according to the quality of the radio channel, and thus the bit rate and robustness of data transmission. It introduces a new technology not found in GPRS, Incremental Redundancy, which, instead of retransmitting disturbed packets, sends more redundancy information to be combined in the receiver. This increases the probability of correct decoding.

EDGE can carry data speeds up to 236.8 kbit/s (with end-to-end latency of less than 150 ms) for 4 timeslots (theoretical maximum is 473.6 kbit/s for 8 timeslots) in packet mode. This means it can handle four times as much traffic as standard GPRS. EDGE will therefore meet the International Telecommunications Union's requirement for a 3G network, and has been accepted by the ITU as part of the IMT-2000 family of 3G standards. It also enhances the circuit data mode called HSCSD, increasing the data rate of this service.

EGPRS modulation and coding scheme (MCS)

In good radio conditions, EDGE can be four times as efficient as GPRS. GPRS use four coding schemes (CS-1 to 4) while EGPRS provides nine Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCS-1 to 9).

 Coding and modulation 
scheme (MCS) 		 Speed 
(kbit/s/slot) 		 Modulation 
MCS-1 8.80 GMSK
MCS-2 11.2 GMSK
MCS-3 14.8 GMSK
MCS-4 17.6 GMSK
MCS-5 22.4 8-PSK
MCS-6 29.6 8-PSK
MCS-7 44.8 8-PSK
MCS-8 54.4 8-PSK
MCS-9 59.2 8-PSK

Classification

EDGE is part of ITU's 3G definition and is considered a 3G radio technology.[1]

EDGE Evolution

EDGE Evolution improves on EDGE in a number of ways. Latencies are reduced by lowering the Transmission Time Interval by half (from 20 ms to 10 ms). Bit rates are increased up to 1 MBit/s peak speed and latencies down to 100 ms using dual carriers, higher symbol rate and higher-order modulation (32QAM and 16QAM instead of 8-PSK), and turbo codes to improve error correction. And finally signal quality is improved using dual antennas improving average bit-rates and spectrum efficiency. EDGE Evolution can be gradually introduced as software upgrades, taking advantage of the installed base. With EDGE Evolution, end-users will be able to experience mobile internet connections corresponding to a 500 kbit/s ADSL service.

Networks

The Global mobile Suppliers Association (GSA) states that,[3] as of December 2008, there were 413 GSM/EDGE networks in 177 countries in operation, which represents 80% of GPRS operators.

The following companies have EDGE networks in operation:

Americas

Operator 'Country
ANCEL Uruguay (nationwide) Uruguay
AT&T Mobility United States
Brasil Telecom GSM Brazil
BTC The Bahamas
Centennial Wireless United States
Cincinnati Bell United States
Claro Guatemala
Claro Brazil
Claro Honduras
Comcel Colombia
Corr Wireless United States
Claro (almost nationwide) Argentina
Digicel Jamaica Jamaica
Digitel Venezuela
Edge Wireless United States
Entel PCS Chile
Fido Canada
i wireless United States
Mid-Tex Cellular United States
movistar Guatemala
Movistar Uruguay (almost nationwide) Uruguay
movistar Mexico
movistar Venezuela
Oi Brazil
Orange Dominican Republic
Petrocom United States
Porta Ecuador
Plateau Wireless United States
PSC Wireless United States
Rogers Canada
Suncom United States
T-Mobile United States
Telcel Mexico
Telcell Sint Maarten, Netherlands Antilles
TIM Brazil
Digicel Trinidad Trinidad and Tobago
Telecommunications Services of Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago
Tigo Colombia
Tigo El Salvador
Tigo Guatemala
Tigo Honduras
Tigo Paraguay
Unicel United States
Viaero United States
Vivo Brazil
VOX Paraguay
Westlink United States

Europe and CIS

Multi-country operators
Single country operators

Africa

Middle East

'Country 'Operator
Bahrain Batelco
Bahrain Zain
Kuwait Zain
Lebanon MTC
Lebanon Alfa
Palestinian territories Jawwal
Iran Irancell
Jordan Zain
Qatar Qtel
Saudi Arabia Mobily
Saudi Arabia Aljawal.STC
United Arab Emirates ETISALAT
Egypt Mobinil
Egypt Vodafone Egypt
Egypt Etisalat
Israel Cellcom

Asia

Operator Country
GrameenPhone Bangladesh (Covers all part of Bangladesh)
Warid Bangladesh (Covers all part of Bangladesh)
China Mobile China (In most cities)
China Unicom China (In Shanghai and selected cities)
Guamcell Guam (USA)
Globe Philippines
CSL Hong Kong
Peoples Hong Kong
Airtel All Over India
BPL Mobile Mumbai,India
BSNL India (Covers all part of India)
MTNL Mumbai,NewDelhi
!dea Selected states in india
Vodafone All over India
Telkomsel Indonesia
Excelcom Indonesia
Indosat Indonesia
Tigo Lao People's Democratic Republic
DiGi Malaysia
Celcom Malaysia
Maxis Communications Malaysia
Mero Mobile Nepal
Mobilink Pakistan
Telenor (Pakistan) Pakistan
Warid Telecom Pakistan
Zong (CM PAK) Pakistan
SMART Philippines
StarHub Singapore
SingTel Singapore
Dialog GSM Sri Lanka
DTAC Thailand
True Move Thailand
Advanced Info Service Thailand
MobiFone Vietnam
Viettel Vietnam

Asia and Far East

  • Bangladesh: Grameenphone is the largest mobile operator in the country and today provides for more than 20 million subscribers an opportunity to communicate using EDGE. And Warid are proividing EDGE services in major cities.
  • China: China Mobile launched EDGE services in Guangdong province in 2005 and deployed the technolegy at a later time to nationwide. China Unicom also has launched EDGE service in Shanghai and selected cities since 2006.
  • Hong Kong: Peoples; also CSL, under the brands 1O1O and One2Free
  • India: MTNL, Bharti Airtel, !deaVodafone and Reliance-Smart-GSM have launched EDGE services. As of July 2007, BSNL's plans for introducing the service are pending since year 2003.district headquarters are currently under the reach of EDGE of BSNL[22][23][24][25]
  • Indonesia: Telkomsel, Excelcom, and Indosat provide EDGE network
  • Malaysia: DiGi has reasonable EDGE coverage, particularly in West Malaysia. Coverage in East Malaysia is currently limited to Kuching, Kota Kinabalu and several main town centres. DiGi streams its MobileTV service over its EDGE network; also Maxis Mobile provides an EDGE network. Celcom looks like to provide EDGE network expansion but still in development stage.
  • Nepal: Spice Nepal "Mero Mobile" has EDGE coverage in major cities
  • Pakistan: Mobilink, Warid and Ufone are proividing EDGE services in major cities. Telenor (Pakistan) provides EDGE coverage throughout Pakistan.
  • Philippines: SMART has a wide EDGE coverage over the Philippine archipelago. PLDT, the parent company of SMART, also offers the PLDT WeRoam GPRS/EDGE wireless internet service
  • Sri Lanka: Dialog GSM offers EDGE Coverage in Colombo. Tigo has islandwide EDGE coverage.
  • Thailand: DTAC provides nationwide EDGE coverage.[26] Advanced Info Service (AIS) also has a nationwide EDGE coverage. The third largest mobile operator, True Move, has deployed EDGE in the Bangkok Metropolitan Area.
  • Vietnam: two GSM operators MobiFone and Viettel, who have nation-wide GPRS coverage, have both initiated EDGE field trials on their network since Q4 2007.

Australasia

  • Australia: Telstra has nationwide EDGE coverage (approximately 96% of population).
  • Samoa: Digicel Pacific (previously Telecom NZ) is still under initiation.
  • Fiji : Digicel Fiji brought EDGE network to Fiji

See also

References

  1. ^ a b http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/imt-2000/DocumentsIMT2000/IMT-2000.pdf
  2. ^ http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/imt-2000/MiscDocuments/IMT-Deployments-Rev3.pdf[dead link‍]
  3. ^ "GSA - The Global mobile Suppliers Association EDGE Databank". Gsacom.com. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
  4. ^ "New surprises and services in anniversary". 9 March 2009. Retrieved 9 March 2009.
  5. ^ http://www.eaglemobile.al/en/newsitem.aspx?id=10. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  6. ^ "BeeLine". Beeline.am. Retrieved 2008-05-11.
  7. ^ "VivaCell". Vivacell.am. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
  8. ^ "Nokia - Mobilkom austria signs deal with Nokia for EDGE expansion - Press Releases - Press - About Nokia". Press.nokia.com. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
  9. ^ "Azerfon". Afon.az. Retrieved 2008-12-11.
  10. ^ "E-Belarus.ORG | Velcom puts EDGE into commercial operation in Belarus". E-belarus.org. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
  11. ^ "VIPonline". Vmc.vipnet.hr. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
  12. ^ http://option.com/news/detail.cfm?newsitemgroup_id=239
  13. ^ "ბილაინი". Beeline.ge. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
  14. ^ "მთავარი გვერდი". Geocell.com.ge. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
  15. ^ "GO Mobile :: Tariffs :: MMS". Go.com.mt. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
  16. ^ "Nortel Powers go Mobiles New Broadband Wireless Services in Malta, Nortel Networks". News.thomasnet.com. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
  17. ^ "Infotag news agency - Press release". Infotag.md. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
  18. ^ "Si.mobil Coverage Map". simobil.net. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
  19. ^ O2 confesses to EDGE support - The Inquirer (Sept 18, 2007).
  20. ^ O2 wins iPhone contract in the UK - BBC News Online (Sept 18, 2007).
  21. ^ O2 takes it to the EDGE - The Register (Sept 14, 2007).
  22. ^ BSNL Expansion Delayed Yet Again - Light Reading (July 11, 2007).
  23. ^ "Siemens to EDGE Wireless to India's Bharti". 3g.co.uk. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
  24. ^ "Nokia to Pilot Launch EDGE wireless services in Delhi". 3g.co.uk. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
  25. ^ "EDGE Wireless Rolls In To India". 3g.co.uk. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
  26. ^ http://www.dtac.co.th/en/network/gprs_edge.aspx[dead link‍]

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