Malietoa Tanumafili II
| Malietoa Tanumafili II | |
|---|---|
| File:MalietoaTanumafiliII.gif | |
| Malietoa of Samoa | |
| Reign | 1940 - May 11, 2007 |
| Predecessor | Malietoa Tanumafili I |
| Successor | Tupua Tamasese Tupuola Tufuga Efi (as head of state) |
| Burial | |
| Father | Malietoa Tanumafili I |
| Mother | Momoe Lupeuluiva Meleisea |
Malietoa Tanumafili II, GCMG, CBE, (January 4, 1913 – May 11, 2007) (also called Susuga) was the Malietoa, the title of one of Samoa's four paramount chiefs,[1] and the head of state, or O le Ao o le Malo, a position that he held for life, of Samoa from 1962 to 2007. He was co-chief of state in 1962 and became the sole head of state on April 15, 1963.[2] At the time of his death, he was the oldest national leader in the world.
Early and personal life
He was born in 1913 as the son and third child of his parents, Malietoa Tanumafili I and Momoe Lupeuluiva Meleisea. He became the Mālietoa in 1940 following his father's death in 1939.
Tanumafili was educated at the government run Leififi School in Samoa. He went on to enroll at St. Stephen's College and Wesley College in Pukekohe, both of which are in New Zealand. Malietoa was an active athlete during his younger years. His favorite sports included boxing, rugby and cricket.[3] Malietoa's interest in sports continued throughout his life and he was an avid golfer well into his 90s. He could often be seen driving his golf cart around Samoa.[1]
His wife, Lili Tunu, died in 1986.[4] Tanumafili had nine surviving children at the time of his death in 2007: Su'a Vainuupo, Faamausili Moli, Papali'itele Titiuatoa, Papali'itele Ioane, Papali'itele Douglas (sons) and Seiuli Tutai, Lola Tosi and Momoe (daughters). One child died in infancy, while his sons, Papaliitele Eti,died in 2005, Papali'itele Molioo Laupepa, died in 1985.[5] [6]
Malietoa Tanumafili II was a follower of the Bahá'í Faith. He was the second royal (after Queen Marie of Romania) to be a member of that religion. The Bahá'í House of Worship in Tiapapata, eight kilometers from the country's capital of Apia, was dedicated by him in 1984.
Public life
Tanumafili officially inherited the royal title of Malietoa in 1940, following the 1939 death of his father, Malietoa Tanumafili I,[7] though some media reports claim that he received the title of Malietoa in 1939. Soon after becoming Malietoa, he was appointed to serve as a special adviser, also called Fautua,[8] to the New Zealand administration and governor of Samoa, known as the New Zealand Trusteeship of Samoa, until independence in 1962. [7]
Upon Samoa's independence in 1962, Malietoa Tanumafili II became joint O le Ao o le Malo, or head of state, with Tupua Tamasese Mea'ole. Tanumafili and Mea'ole would rule jointly as head of state for just 16 months.[1] When Mea'ole died in 1963, Tanumafili became the sole Samoan head of state, a post he held for life until his death in 2007. He is often credited for providing much of the stability that Samoa has enjoyed post independence.
Malietoa traveled extensively during his reign as the Samoan head of state (O le Ao o le Malo). He traveled to the People's Republic of China for an official state visit in 1976. Additionally, during his reign he also visited Australia, Fiji, Hawai'i, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, Tonga, the United Kingdom and the former West Germany. Malietoa Tanumafili was among the foreign dignitaries who attended the funeral of Japanese Emperor Showa in 1989.[3]
Malietoa Tanumafili II was described as the last survivor of a generation of important Pacific leaders who guided their countries and peoples from colonialism to independence.[9] His death was the latest in a string of recent, high profile passings of members of this Pacific generation of leaders, which included the late Fijian president, Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, the King of Tonga, Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, and New Zealand's Maori Queen, Dame Te Atairangikaahu.[10]
Death
Malietoa Tanumafili II died at 6:45 P.M. on Friday May 11, 2007, at the Tupua Tamasese Meaole National Hospital at Moto'otua in Apia, Samoa. He was being treated as a patient for pneumonia at the hospital for approximately a week.[11] The cause of his death has not been released.
His death was announced by Samoan Secretary of State Vaasatia Poloma Komiti on SBC TV1. "It is with deepest regret that we inform you of the passing of our Head of State Malietoa Tanumafili II."[12]
Malietoa Tanumafili II was the world's third longest reigning living monarch at the time of his death in May 2007 after Thailand's King Bhumibol Adulyadej, who has reigned since 1946 and Britain's Queen Elizabeth II, who has reigned since 1952.[13]
Funeral
Samoa entered a state of official mourning from the time of the Malietoa's death until his official funeral. All Samoan flags were lowered to half mast in his honour and remembrance. According to tradition, thousands of Samoans were expected to wear white and black as a sign of respect for the Malietoa from May 15th until his state funeral on May 18. The government of Samoa encouraged traditional Samoan dress for the funeral. Samoans were requested specifically to wear "a black lavalava or sulu and a white top with traditional elei patterns." Samoans were also asked to include the teuila flower, the national flower of Samoa, with their mourning attire.[14]
Malietoa Tanumafili II's body was taken from a private funeral home (Ligaliga Funeral) to his residence at Fa'ato'ialemanu on May 16th, which marked the beginning of his funeral services. Hundreds of the Malietoa's close and extended relatives, including his children, attended a special private family service that night.
The State funeral was a rare occasion when ancient rituals and exchanges were made to the Sa Malietoa (the national political 'family' or clan from which the Malietoa title belongs). Traditional cultural presentations (or Si'i Fa'atupu) from other districts and clans from within Samoa were made and ancient funeral rites were performed. The delegation (or auala) from Lufilufi, representing the TuiAtua, circled the Maota of Malietoa at Faatoialemanu where the late Malietoa lay in state, chanting the ancient funeral chants associated with the district of Atua and its relationship with the district of Tuamasaga (where the Malietoa is the paramount title). Traditional delegations representing the Tongan Royal Family and the Fijian Great Council of Chiefs also made cultural presentations to reflect the ancient genealogical ties between Samoa and her southern neighbours Tonga and Fiji.
The major village of the Malietoa title, Malie, played a major role in funeral ceremonies and exchanges. The 'aumaga (untitled men) of Malie, called the Aumaga a Laauli, and the 'aumaga (untitled men) of Falealili, called the Manu Samoa, provided hundreds of traditional guards in and around the compounds where the Malietoa lay in state. They also patrolled the roads around Faatoialemanu and provided escorting duties whenever the body was moved. On the day of the funeral the grounds of Tiafau Malae where the funeral was held were guarded by 300 men of the Aumaga a Laauli. Presiding over the body was the Salelesi (the ancient 'dog' of the Malietoa, from the village of Salelesi (District of Atua). His role is to guard the body and escort it into the tomb. All villages in the District of Tuamasaga and other villages connected to the Malietoa title cut palm leaves and branches of hundreds of coconut trees and laid them by the side of main roads in an ancient mark of mourning for the death of a paramount chief.
His body was then moved to the Samoan Parliament to lie in state on May 17th.
His funeral was held on May 18 in Apia.[16]
International reaction
American Samoa - Governor Togiola Tulafono stated: "I offer my condolence to the people and government of Samoa on the passing of His Highness Malietoa Tanumafili. May God guide the people of Samoa as they mourn his passing."[13] Many American Samoans considered Tanumafili to be the father of both Samoa and American Samoa. Tanumafili was a frequent visitor to the American territory's Flag Day celebrations.
Micronesia - Newly elected Micronesian President Manny Mori sent a letter to Samoan Prime Minister Tuila'epa Sailele Malielegaoi stating that Malietoa Tanumafili II was a "great leader and pioneer of Samoa...As a great leader of the Independent State of Samoa, His Highness Malietoa Tanumafili II was one of the prominent Samoan leaders leading up to its Independence in 1962...His wisdom, leadership and dedication contributed to the forgoing and eventual inception of the Samoan Nation...Our thoughts and prayers are with you during this time of national mourning."[17]
New Zealand - Prime Minister Helen Clark reacted to the news of Tanumafili's death: "Through his long reign as Head of State, Malietoa represented Samoa with wisdom, humour and insight...Malietoa was educated at St. Stephens School near Auckland. He was a great friend of New Zealand as Head of State, and was well known to successive New Zealand governments and diplomats...It is significant that New Zealand has a Treaty of Friendship with only one country- Samoa- and our shared unique relationship was due in no small part to Malietoa's influence as a father of modern Samoa. New Zealanders of Samoan descent, together with their palagi counterparts, will be thinking of Samoa, at this sad time."[12]
South Africa - President Thabo Mbeki issued a statement of support to Samoan government: "It is with a sense of great sadness and shock that we have learnt of the passing away of His Highness, King Malietoa Tanumafili II on Friday, 11 May 2007. Despite this sad loss to the Samoan nation and people, the King will be long remembered for his passionate and committed service to Samoa and the broader Pacific Islands region...It was a testimony to his astute leadership that for the past 15 years Samoa had stood as a beacon of hope, stability and progress in the Pacific. South Africa therefore applauded the achievements of the King for having been a powerful and resonating voice for democracy and good governance as well as in articulating the development challenges unique to small developing island states."[18]
Bahá'í International Community - The governing body of the Bahá'ís, the Universal House of Justice wrote: "His service to the people of Samoa as Head of State was distinguished by the high principles, genuine compassion and personal humility that characterized the constancy of his concern for the welfare of all. As the first reigning sovereign to accept the Message of Bahá'u'lláh, he set a record that will forever illumine the annals of our Faith, one that future generations will increasingly extol. His great interest for well-nigh four decades in the Faith's progress was reflected in the enthusiastic affirmation of his belief whenever the opportunity presented itself and in the abiding joy with which he regarded the construction in 1984 of the Mother Temple of the Pacific Islands in Samoa...."[19]
Honours
Queen Elizabeth II visited Samoa for a single day in 1977 as part of her visit to the South Pacific on board the Royal Yacht Britannia. While in Samoa, Elizabeth presented Malietoa with the Collar Badge and Star of a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George.[20]
Also bestowed on Malietoa was the title of Honorary Commander of the Order of the British Empire during his life.
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See also
External links
- Obituary from the New Zealand Herald
- Uncertain times ahead as Samoa deals with new order
- New Zealand Order of Merit Roll
- Photograph Taken in 2006
- His Highness Malietoa Tanumafili II's Obituary
- His Highness Malietoa Tanumafili II's Condolence Book
References
- ^ a b c "Malietoa Tanumafili II (Obituary)". The Economist. The Economist print edition. 2007-05-24. Retrieved 2007-06-12.
- ^ Western Samoa Products and English, Samoan Languages
- ^ a b "Samoa's King Malietoa Tanumafili II, 94". Associated Press. The Honolulu Advertiser. 2007-05-13. Retrieved 2007-05-24.
- ^ King Malietoa Tanumafili II of Samoa dead at 94 - The Honolulu Advertiser - Hawaii's Newspaper
- ^ [1]Profile
- ^ "Samoan king dies at the age of 94". The Sydney Morning Herald. 2007-05-13. Retrieved 2007-05-13.
- ^ a b "Photos: Samoans farewell their king and 'father'". The New Zealand Herald. The New Zealand Herald. 2007-05-20. Retrieved 2007-06-05.
- ^ Otto, Michael (2007-05-22). "Samoa's solemn farewell". Manukau Courier. Stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 2007-06-13.
- ^ "Dignitaries bid farewell to `father of Samoa' Malietoa". Associated Press. Taipei Times. 2007-05-20. Retrieved 2007-06-05.
- ^ McCammon, Belinda (2007-05-20). "NZ will work with whoever Samoa elects - Clark". New Zealand Herald. New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 2007-06-05.
- ^ Sagapolutele, Fili (2007-05-12). "Samoan Head Of State Passes Away". Pacific Magazine. Retrieved 2007-05-12.
- ^ a b Jackson, Cherelle (2007-05-13). "Samoa's Head of State Malietoa dies aged 95". New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 2007-05-12.
- ^ a b "Samoa's king, one of world's longest reigning monarchs, dies". International Herald Tribune. Associated Press. 2007-05-12. Retrieved 2007-05-13.
- ^ "Thousands expected to pay respect and honour to former Samoa Head of State". Radio New Zealand International. Radio New Zealand International. 2007-05-15. Retrieved 2007-06-05.
- ^ "Friends and family of Samoa's late Head of State gather in Apia". Radio New Zealand International. Radio New Zealand International. 2007-05-16. Retrieved 2007-06-05.
- ^ "Samoan leader laid to rest", NZPA (nzherald.co.nz), May 19, 2007.
- ^ "President Mori sends condolences to Samoa (Government of FSM Press Release)". Government of the Federated States of Micronesia. 2007-05-22. Retrieved 2007-05-24.
- ^ "South Africa's condolences on Samoa king's death". SABC News. SABC News. 2007-05-14. Retrieved 2007-05-15.
- ^ Bahá'í International Community (2007-05-14). "Funeral and memorial service planned for Samoan head of state". Bahá'í World News Service. Retrieved 2007-05-14.
- ^ "Samoa King Dies". Associated Press. Herald Sun. 2007-05-13. Retrieved 2007-05-13.